JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
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2024
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IF 5.8
Xinyang Chen,Sijie Li,Yixi Lin,Shanshan Gao,Jin Liu,Yuan Xue,Xi Gao
A series of novel catalysts were prepared by modifying biochar (BC) with different metal loading (Fe, Zn) and thermal activation in different atmospheres (CO 2 , H 2 O). The catalysts were further used to upgrade the pyrolysis vapor from pine wood sawdust, aiming to produce high-quality bio-oil. The modified biochar catalyst exhibited strong deoxygenation ability to acids and ketones in bio-oil and effectively converted lignin-derived compounds into aromatic hydrocarbons and phenols . Subsequently, the catalyst (BC-Fe-CO 2 ) demonstrating the highest yields of phenols and aromatics was selected for condition optimization. Different catalytic temperatures and biomass-to-catalyst ratios were compared to determine the optimal conditions for producing high-quality bio-oil. Phenolics and aromatic hydrocarbons content in the bio-oil reached 70 % at the optimal condition and the selectivity of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aromatic hydrocarbons reached 77 %. The properties of the biochar catalysts were characterized using BET, SEM, XRD, and XPS. The superior performance of the modified BC catalysts not only relied on its enhanced surface area and porous structure but also due to active Fe sites. The detail reaction pathways of the bio-oil catalytic upgrading were also proposed. These findings underscore the potential of modified biochar in pyrolysis and catalytic upgrading for bio-oil with improved quality.
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高影响因子
FUEL
·
2024
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IF 6.7
Dongyang Liu,Haiping He,Duo Li,Liang Zhao,Jinsen Gao,Chunming Xu
The intricate composition of naphtha poses a significant challenge in formulating a comprehensive modeling approach for the production of light olefins. In this study, the intricate composition of the feedstock was described based on the weight percentage of the functional groups. At the same time, the distribution variations of the pyrolysis products were characterized using their stoichiometric coefficients (SCs). Consequently, a functional group-based approach was proposed to model the catalytic pyrolysis of multiple hydrocarbon mixtures over ZSM-5 based catalysts by establishing a quantitative correlation between the composition of the functional groups and the SCs of the pyrolysis products. Furthermore, a comprehensive functional group-based approach was developed to integrate catalyst properties by relating their acidity to the SCs of pyrolysis products. This modeling approach allows for precise forecasting of product compositions across a range of feedstocks and catalyst systems, with a maximum error of 1.15 wt%. In addition, this modeling method can also be used to optimize feedstock blends and tailor acid properties to maximize light olefin production, highlighting its potential for use in various hydrocarbon mixtures.
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高影响因子
Agriculture-Basel
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2025
·Vol. 15
·期 11
·1177
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IF 3.6
Tao Xue,Yi Li,Zimo Chen,Chao Kong,Biyun Feng,Changyin Zhu,Yinlong Zhang,Jianming Xue,Hu Cheng
To ensure agricultural safety and ecological security, it is crucial to effectively immobilize emerging organic pollutants, such as plasticizers, to prevent their migration in various environmental matrices. However, the ideal immobilization agent with the advantages of being environmentally friendly is very rare. In this study, low-cost and stable near-natural immobilization agents, char-derived artificial humic acids, CHAs, were proposed and prepared via hydrothermal humification (180 °C) and pyrolysis (300, 500, or 700 °C) of agroforestry biowaste. The resulting CHAs exhibit high purity (composed primarily of C (67.28–81.35%), O (6.65–21.64%), H (1.40–5.28%), and N (0.36–0.58%)) with remarkably low ash content (5.43–10.02%). Characterization revealed a compact structure with a limited porosity with small surface area (0.27–0.32 m2g−1) and pore volume (2.99–3.43 × 10−4cm3g−1). Notably, high-temperature pyrolysis induced consumption of oxygen-containing functional groups while promoting aromatic structure formation. The sorption behavior of diethyl phthalate, a representative plasticizer, on CHAs was well described by both Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The CHAs exhibited remarkable sorption performance for diethyl phthalate, with a maximum sorption capacity reaching 3345 mg kg−1as determined by the Langmuir model. The sorption of diethyl phthalate onto CHAs is mainly multi-layer sorption dominated by physical processes, mainly including pore filling, partitioning, hydrogen bonding, and π–π stacking. Mean sorption energies ranging from 2.56 to 4.99 × 10−3kJ mol−1indicate the predominance of physical sorption mechanisms. This study developed a method to convert the liquid by-product produced during hydrothermal humification of biowaste into stable near-natural and carbon-rich char materials, and the proposed materials show great promise in immobilizing pollutants from various environmental matrices.
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高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
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2025
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IF 8.3
Deng Zhao,Fei Wang,Qingxin Li,Wenming Han,Huashan Wang,Hua Liu,Suning Li,Hui Liu,Shuai Guo,Yonghong Yan
It is well known that AAEMs (alkali and alkaline earth metals) and TMs (transition metals) have different catalytic mechanisms for the cellulose pyrolysis. There is potential for synergy among different metals during the pyrolysis. This study mainly used in-situ DRIFTS (diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy) to comprehensively study the catalytic mechanism of different metals (Na, Ca, Fe, Co, and Ni) during cellulose pyrolysis. The mechanism of synergistic interaction between different metals was explained according to the catalytic characteristics of different metals. The results showed that different metals had different effects on the activation pathway. Na and Ca retained a part of O in the char, thereby inhibiting the graphitization process, while Fe, Co, and Ni tended to interact directly with the carbon structure to enhance its stability. When binary metals co-catalyzed, Na and Ca showed a competitive mechanism for combining with O, while the cooperation of Na and Fe accelerated the depolymerization of cellulose. In this study, the proposed improved in-situ diffuse reflection infrared reaction chamber with more accurate temperature control could become a solid foundation for studying the catalytic properties of different single in the pyrolysis of cellulose.
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高影响因子
Journal of Water Process Engineering
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2025
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IF 6.7
Siqi Tong,Lei Zhang,Xuemin Yu,Guangbing Liu,Haibo Xu,Weijing Liu,Jinyou Shen,Yi Wang
Fluoride-containing wastewater posed significant environmental and health risks, and the high costs of current defluoridation adsorbents highlight the pressing need for cost-effective solutions. To achieve the advanced treatment of fluoride-containing wastewater and the resource utilization of solid waste, a pyrolytic-hydrothermal carbon adsorbent was developed from Fenton sludge (FS) and rice straw (RS). FS/RS-1:2BC, synthesized at 600 °C pyrolysis and 200 °C hydrothermal treatment with a 1:2 mass ratio, exhibited the highest fluoride ions (F − ) adsorption capacity of 10.57 mg g −1 . Physicochemical characterization revealed FS/RS-1:2BC consisted of porous graphitic carbon from RS and α-Fe₂O₃ from FS, with abundant oxygen-containing groups and a large surface area for F − adsorption. Adsorption kinetics and thermodynamic fitting indicated the adsorption of F − was primarily relied on chemical interactions (chemical precipitation, ligand complexation, ion exchange, electrostatic attraction) between F − and the homogeneous monolayer surface, with physical adsorption and intraparticle diffusion as secondary mechanisms. FS/RS-1:2BC exhibited excellent stability and applicability, with a broad pH acceptance range (pH 3.5–8). It maintained 9.58 mg g −1 adsorption capacity under weakly alkaline and achieved around 90 % adsorption efficiency in coexisting anions. Regeneration experiments indicated that FS/RS-1:2BC retained 81.9 % adsorption capacity after five regeneration cycles. The development of FS/RS-1:2BC not only provided a cost-effective adsorbent for low-concentration fluoride removal from tailwater but also established a new approach for resource utilization of solid wastes.
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高影响因子
FUEL
·
2024
·
IF 6.7
Tingwei Wang,Hanpeng Liu,Sam Toan,Zhao Sun,Zhiqiang Sun
Deoxygenation-based biomass gasification provides a feasible solution for the effective utilization of biomass and value-added syngas production. However, the behavior of bio-oil formation during the pyrolysis stage and the characteristics of tar abatement at the gasification stage with applied deoxidizer still require exploration. Thus, this study investigates the effects of different deoxidizer/biomass (D/B) mass ratios, pyrolysis-gasification temperatures, and water-injection velocities on the composition and yield of bio-oil and tar-elimination law. The techniques of 2D HSQC nuclear magnetic resonance, attenuated total reflectance, gel permeation chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer are used to investigate the formation behavior and evolution law of the bio-oil produced. The results indicate that the addition of the deoxidizer not only improves the quality and yield of syngas but promotes the deoxygenation of oxygen-containing bio-oil by donating electrons. Specifically, the phenolic compounds decreased by 12.4% under D/B = 0.3 as compared with D/B = 0. The results also confirm the promoting effect of tar elimination via reforming and cracking by Fe and CaO, respectively: Tar production during the gasification stage decreased by 54% under D/B = 0.3, as compared with non-deoxygenation. This study demonstrates the superiority of iron-calcium-based deoxidizer in bio-oil deoxygenation and tar elimination, which will promote the development of deoxygenation-based bio-oil and syngas poly-generation.
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高影响因子
Journal of Water Process Engineering
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2024
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IF 6.3
Shaorong An,Lina Wang,Qiang Jin
The Fe-N-C catalysts featuring abundant FeNx sites activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) have been considered an attractive approach to water treatment and purification. It was reported that the coordination numbers of FeNx could be precisely controlled by varying the pyrolysis temperature, thereby affecting the catalytic activity . However, almost all Fe-N-C catalysts were prepared through energy-consuming high-temperature pyrolysis strategies, the activation performance and mechanism under low-temperature pyrolysis conditions are still unclear. In this work, three single-atom Fe catalysts (Fe SA -NC-300/500/1000) based on ZIF-8 were synthesized at different pyrolysis temperatures. Results showed that the degradation efficiency of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in the Fe SA -NC-500/PMS and Fe SA -NC-1000/PMS systems could reach 100 % within 30 min, while only 91.9 % in the Fe SA -NC-300/PMS system. Combined with the turnover frequency (TOF) of the catalysts, it was found that the catalytic activity of Fe SA -NC-500 prepared by low-temperature pyrolysis was close to that of Fe SA -NC-1000, which was superior to many reported Fenton-like catalysts. Mechanism analysis manifested that both radical (·OH, SO 4 − ·, and ·O 2 − ) and nonradical ( 1 O 2 , high-valent Fe-oxo species, and electron transfer) pathways coexisted in the Fe SA -NC/PMS systems. Impressively, the larger production intensity of reactive species occurred in Fe SA -NC-500/PMS and Fe SA -NC-1000/PMS systems. The difference between these Fe SA -NC catalysts in actual printing and dyeing wastewater treatment offered some guidance for wider environmental applications. This work also provided a direction on the design and understanding of green and energy-saving Fe-N-C catalysts.
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高影响因子
Catalysts
·
2025
·Vol. 15
·期 4
·322
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IF 4
Xianglong Meng,Ranran Song,Junjie Bian
In this study, natural clay-like silicate minerals were used as precursors to prepare highly acid-catalytic hydrophobic catalysts. A series of sulfonic acid-functionalized attapulgite catalysts, SO3H-APG, were fabricated by the ball-milling–oxidation method. The catalytic performance in the co-liquefaction and co-pyrolysis ofChlorellaand oil shale was investigated. The catalysts were analyzed using hydrophobicity evaluation, TEM, BET, FTIR, and other characterization methods. The SO3H-APG catalysts exhibited good hydrophobicity and dispensability. Sulfonation grafting improved their excellent hydrocarbon conversion activity. According to the GC–MS results, the addition of the SO3H-APG catalysts shifted the co-liquefaction products of microalgae and oil shale towards lower carbon numbers, with the majority of the products concentrated between C5 and C12, and a content of 84.9% in the range of C5–C11, while the content of products in the range of C12–C20 was only 15.1%. In the co-pyrolysis experiments, the addition of the catalysts promoted the thermal decomposition reaction. The synergistic effect between oil shale and microalgae facilitated the production of more hydrocarbon compounds with a higher H/C atomic ratio. The development of this type of catalyst provides an economically favorable approach for the co-conversion of algae and oil shale. The oil shale pyrolysis kinetic diagram shows that adding the APG clay-based catalyst significantly reduces the time for achieving the same conversion rate, especially below 300 °C, where the in situ catalytic effect is most pronounced.
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高影响因子
RENEWABLE ENERGY
·
2025
·
IF 9.1
Yongyuan Deng,Yichao Ye,Tao Yin,Zhipeng Tian,Chao Wang,Ying Chen,Zhi Yang,Junling Tu,Riyang Shu
Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is a common refinery process to convert oxygen-containing lignin pyrolysis oil into high-quality hydrocarbon liquid fuels. In this work, we prepared a core-shell Ru@SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 catalyst and employed it in the HDO of phenolic compounds and lignin pyrolysis oil. The unique core-shell structure of the catalyst reduces the size of Ru metal particles, which significantly improves the hydrogenation catalytic activity. The high surface area, large pore size, and large pore volume of the SiO 2 shell provide a favorable environment for the substrate transfer during the reactions, meanwhile the doped Al 2 O 3 introduces a substantial number of acid sites for the catalysis of deoxygenation. The synergistic effect between the metal sites and acid sites greatly promotes the HDO reaction efficiency. Under mild conditions of 220 °C and 1 MPa H 2 , Ru@SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 catalyst achieved a guaiacol conversion of 99.9% and a cyclohexane selectivity of 99.9%. This catalyst also demonstrates an outstanding stability, with catalytic activity little loss after 6 recycles. Furthermore, an efficient HDO performance was obtained in the upgrade of other phenolic compounds and lignin pyrolysis oil. At the temperature of 240 °C, the content of hydrocarbons in lignin pyrolysis oil increased from 15.4% to 92.7%. These results indicate that Ru@SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 holds significant potential for the efficient HDO refinery, providing a promising avenue for the future biofuel development.
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高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
·
2025
·
IF 7.7
Yadong Yang,Tao Wang,Kangshun Wang,Sen Zhang,Lingzhi He,Qiangshun Wu
In-situ reductive remediation is promising for groundwater treatment due to the natural abundance and stability of sulfides. This study developed co-pyrolysis biochars from wormwood (W) and lobster shells (L) to enhance sulfide-driven nitrobenzene (NB) reduction. The biochars were produced at varying W:L ratios (1:0, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3 and 0:1) and pyrolyzed under 700°C. The co-pyrolyzed W1L1 (W: L ratio = 1:1) significantly enhanced the reduction removal capacity of NB compared to biochar from single biomass, achieving 99.2% NB removal (sulfide: 2 mM, pH: 9) with the pseudo-first-order kinetic constant (k obs = 0.021 h -1 ) for the reduction reaction stage. The enhancement mechanism involves: (i) NB pre-adsorption via microporosity and π–π interactions, (ii) The synergistic contributions—wormwood provided adsorption sites, while lobster shells introduced graphitic nitrogen (facilitating electron transfer) and oxygen-containing groups (promoting sulfide activation). (iii) The enhancement in electron transfer ability due to the high electrochemical surface area (0.123 cm 2 ) and low charge transfer resistance (R ct = 150.8 Ω). Furthermore, the applicability of co-pyrolysis biochar in NB removal was demonstrated across varied reaction conditions and groundwater environmental factors. The reduction pathway of NB proceeded via a three-step, two-electron transfer process, ultimately yielding aniline, with nitrosobenzene detected as an intermediate. These findings establish co-pyrolysis biochars as sustainable materials for in-situ NB remediation.
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PubMed
高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
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2025
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IF 5.4
Yajie Diao,Xianwei Cai,Yuchen Jiang,Baihong Li,Shu Zhang,Xun Hu
Hard templates have been proven to be effective for generation of porous structures, but how to achieve sufficient contact of a solid template and solid biomass is an issue. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) involves structural re-construction of biomass via hydrolysis and re-polymerization processes, which might achieve more sufficient mixing of template/biomass. This was investigated herein by conducting HTC of cellulose (Cel), peach wood (PW), walnut shells (WS) with magnesium acetate (MC) at 180°C and subsequent pyrolysis at 800°C. Recycling MC from solid residual for multiple-round activation was also conducted. The results showed that the HTC pretreatment did remarkably enhance Specific surface area (S BET ) of resulting activated carbon (AC). For example, the S BET for AC-Cel-HTC was 727.4 m 2 /g while was 413.3 m 2 /g for AC-Cel, which was an increase by 76.0 %. The HTC-pyrolysis of WS also increased the S BET by 62.7 % (430.5 versus 246.6 m 2 /g from direct pyrolysis). Furthermore, more micropores were generated for ACs with HTC treatment (i. e. 30.0 % for AC-Cel-HTC and 10.7 % for AC-Cel). The HTC pretreatment resulted in better dispersion of MC on/in hydrochar, induced a certain degree of aromatization via removing partial aliphatic structures, and formed stable carbon skeleton for reserving micropores. ACs with HTC treatment possessed both abundant micropores for adsorption of phenol and mesopores for adsorption of methyl blue with quasi-first-order kinetic model. Additionally, MgO could effectively converted back to MC for use in several rounds of activation.
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高影响因子
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
·
2025
·
IF 10.9
Mingli Yue,Yue Zhang,Liangzhong Lv,Jiaqi Zhu,Ying Fu,Fei Ye
Microwave-assisted pyrolysis has been viewed as one of the most promising technologies for the biomass utilization, but some problems on the power consumption and gaseous product storage exist in the primary biomass processing. In this paper, a novel biomass microwave-assisted pyrolysis system driven by solid oxide fuel cell was proposed. An experimental system was established to obtain the distribution of product components for rice, wheat, maize straw and sawdust with different catalysts. The energy analysis using experimental data was performed through the microwave-assisted pyrolysis system modeling. Results indicate that, overall, the pyrolysis power consumption becomes lower at a higher pyrolysis temperature, due to the more carbon monoxide. The power generation capacity of biomass increases with the pyrolysis temperature, benefiting from a higher gas yield and larger mass fractions of combustible gases. The energy self-sufficiency ratio of sawdust is as high as 1.84, which is far higher than those of three straws (lower than 0.43), making the sawdust an ideal biomass. In the view of energy self-sufficiency ratio, the iron-carbon composite material and nickel oxide material are the optimal catalysts for straws, and the ferroferric oxide catalyst behaves best for sawdust through decreasing the pyrolysis power consumption drastically (＜1200 kJ/kg). This research provides a novel technical approach to supply the electricity for biomass microwave-assisted pyrolysis.
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高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）