Greenhouse Gases-Science and Technology
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2019
·Vol. 9
·期 3
·553-566
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IF 1.693
Menglong Liu,Siyang Tang,Kui Ma,Changjun Liu,Hairong Yue,Bin Liang
Monoethanolamine (MEA) solution has been used widely in the post-combustion CO 2 capture process; however, the high heat duty and reaction temperature (e.g. 125°C) for MEA regeneration leads to a high energy requirement (nearly 70–80% of the total running cost). We report the use of solid particles (H-Zeolite Socony Mobile-5 (HZSM-5), quartz, and activated carbon) to facilitate the mass transfer of CO 2 bubble nucleation and enhance the CO 2 desorption rate. The results show that the mass transfer of CO 2 from liquid phase to gas phase is the rate-determining step, rather than the chemical reaction. The addition of HZSM-5 particles in the solution significantly enhanced CO 2 bubble nucleation by providing nucleation sites and gas cavities, leading to an average CO 2 desorption rate enhancement of 43.2%, and an energy consumption reduction of 23.3%. This process also operated at ∼95°C, which is a much lower temperature than that used in the commercial process and is feasible for industrial applications. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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APPLIED ENERGY
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2019
·
IF 8.426
Hao Wu,Jie Xiao,Xiaoyuan Zeng,Xue Li,Jing Yang,Yuling Zou,Sudongfang Liu,Peng Dong,Yingjie Zhang,Jiang Liu
Direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells (DC-SOFCs) are promising, all-solid-state, highly efficient and environment-friendly power generating devices fueled by solid carbons. In addition, utilization of real-world coal as fuel for DC-SOFC is an attractive topic, however, they still yield poor performance due to negative effect of impurities in coal. In order to utilize brown coal to generate electricity efficiently and environmentally, here we report a high-performance direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell that enables a green pathway for brown coal utilization. The cell consists of nano Al 2 O 3 doped yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte supports and Ag-Gd 0.1 Ce 0.9 O 2-δ as symmetrical composite catalyst electrodes. Fueled with raw brown coal and brown coal char at 850 °C separately, the cells can achieve maximum power densities of 211.4 and 221 mW cm −2 , respectively. Furthermore, a stable discharging voltage and platform with the fuel utilization of 61.5% are demonstrated when brown coal char fueled DC-SOFC is operated under a constant current of 0.1 A.
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JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
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2019
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IF 4.175
Wei Wang,Zhijun Liu,Yapeng Zhang,Peipei Liu,Qianyuan Qiu,Mingyang Zhou,Meilin Liu,Jiang Liu
A four-cell-in-series stack of solid oxide fuel cell is fabricated on a single yttrium-stabilized-zirconia electrolyte plate which is fabricated by tape casting technique. The slurry for the tape casting process is characterized and optimized through Zeta potential and viscosity measurements. The optimal slurry is used to prepare the electrolyte plate, with electrical connecting holes, for the stack. The stack is operated directly with 5 wt% Fe-loaded activated carbon as the fuel. With a total effective area of 8.8 cm 2 and carbon fuel of 5 g, this direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell stack shows an open circuit voltage of 3.82 V and an output power of 2.2 W at 820 °C. It gives a discharging platform of over 3.0 V for 10.5 h with a constant discharging current of 200 mA, at 800 °C. Then voltage drops to zero after discharging for 14 h, releasing a discharging energy of 8.6 W h. This work shows a possibility of developing direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells for applications of portable or distributed power sources.
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ADVANCED MATERIALS
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2019
·Vol. 31
·期 11
·1808341
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IF 25.809
Wanbing Gong,Yue Lin,Chun Chen,Mohammad Al-Mamun,Hai-Sheng Lu,Guozhong Wang,Haimin Zhang,Huijun Zhao
Biomass is the most abundant renewable resource on earth and developing high-performance nonprecious selective hydrogenation (SH) catalysts will enable the use of biomass to replace rapidly diminishing fossil resources. This work utilizes ZIF-67-derived nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes to confine Co nanoparticles (NPs) with Co–N x active sites as a high-performance SH catalyst. The confined Co NPs with Co–N x exhibit excellent catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability toward a wide range of biomass-derived compounds. Such active sites can selectively hydrogenate aldehyde, ketone, carboxyl, and nitro groups of biomass-derived compounds into value-added fine chemicals with 100% selectivity. The reported approach could be adopted to create other forms of catalytically active sites from other nonprecious metals.
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Journal of Cleaner Production
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2019
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IF 6.395
Yun Li,Shenghai Yang,Pekka Taskinen,Jing He,Fangwen Liao,Rongbo Zhu,Yongming Chen,Chaobo Tang,Yuejun Wang,Ari Jokilaakso
This study proposes an innovative and environment-friendly method for recycling spent lead-acid batteries without SO 2 generation. Iron-containing waste was employed as a sulfur-fixing agent to retain sulfur as ferrous matte, which eliminated the generation and emissions of gaseous SO 2 . This work investigated the thermodynamic and experimental feasibility and conversion mechanism of the method, and evaluated its industrial applicability. A bench-scale test showed direct recoveries of 93.5% and 97.7% in crude lead and ferrous matte for lead and sulfur, respectively. The phase transformation mechanism study indicated that metallic lead from the lead paste was extracted mainly through the sequence of PbSO 4 → C / C O PbS → F e 3 O 4 PbO → C / C O Pb. Sulfur in PbSO 4 was thus first transferred to PbS and finally fixed as FeS. An industrial-scale pilot campaign was also conducted to confirm the feasibility and reliability of the new process.
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ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
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2019
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IF 6.35
Zhichao Liu,Xia Jing,Sanjun Zhang,Yang Tian
Fluorescent calcium ion (Ca2+) sensing and imaging have become an essential technique for investigation of signaling pathways of Ca2+ and understanding the role of Ca2+ in neurodegenerative disease. Herein a copper nanocluster (CuNC)-based ratiometric fluorescent probe was developed for real-time sensing and imaging of Ca2+ in neurons, in which a specific Ca2+ ligand with two formaldehyde groups was synthesized and further conjugated with polyethylenimine (PEI) to form a new ligand molecule for the synthesis of CuNCs. Meanwhile, water-soluble Alex Fluor 660 NHS ester was immobilized onto CuNCs as a reference element. The developed ratiometric fluorescence nanoprobe demonstrated a good linearity with Ca2+ concentration in the range of 2–350 μM, and a detection limit down to 220 ± 11 nM was achieved. In addition, the response time of the present probe for Ca2+ was found to be less than 2 s with good stability and high selectivity. Taking advantage of the low cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility of the developed nanoprobe, it was discovered that the histamine-induced cytoplasmic Ca2+ increase in various parts of neurons was different. Moreover, it was found O2•–-induced cytoplasmic Ca2+ burst and O2•–-induced neuronal death possibly resulted from Ca2+ overload in the neurons.
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Chemistry-An Asian Journal
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2019
·Vol. 14
·期 9
·1515-1522
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IF 3.698
Ting Wang,Hong Ma,Xin Liu,Yang Luo,Shujing Zhang,Yuxia Sun,Xinhong Wang,Jin Gao,Jie Xu
Graphical Positive doping result : A nitrogen-doped carbon catalyst with high nitrogen content encapsulating cobalt NPs, CoOx@N-C(g), was prepared that exhibited the highest performance in the oxidative esterification of biomass-derived platform furfural under base-free conditions, achieving 95.0 % conversion and 97.1 % selectivity toward methylfuroate under 0.5 MPa O 2 at 100 °C for 6 h. It is an attractive and challenging topic to endow non-noble metal catalysts with high efficiency via a nitrogen-doping approach. In this study, a nitrogen-doped carbon catalyst with high nitrogen content encapsulating cobalt NPs (CoO x @N-C(g)) was synthesized, and characterized in detail by XRD, HRTEM, N 2 -physisorption, ICP, CO 2 -TPD, and XPS techniques. g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets act as nitrogen source and self-sacrificing templates, giving rise to an ultrahigh nitrogen content of 14.0 %, much higher than those using bulk g-C 3 N 4 (4.4 %) via the same synthesis procedures. As a result, CoO x @N-C(g) exhibited the highest performance in the oxidative esterification of biomass-derived platform furfural to methylfuroate under base-free conditions, achieving 95.0 % conversion and 97.1 % selectivity toward methylfuroate under 0.5 MPa O 2 at 100 °C for 6 h, far exceeding those of other cobalt-based catalysts. The high efficiency of CoO x @N-C(g) was closely related to its high ratio of pyridinic nitrogen species that may act as Lewis basic sites as well as its capacity for the activation of dioxygen to superoxide radical O 2 .− .
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ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
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2018
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IF 6.042
Pengcheng Hu,Bolin Li,Chen Bai,Xu Li,Xiaolin Lu
With the rapid development of materials science, on-demand techniques are highly needed with the capability to characterize materials in the micrometer and nanometer scales. In this work, we show that, by employing a prism geometry, total internal reflection sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy allows for characterizing mesoscopic materials with irregular or complex surfaces. Four representative examples were presented. First, we reveal that mechanical grinding can subtly alter the surface molecular structures of original materials. Second, spin coating can substantially change the surface molecular structures of particle samples. Third, surface restructuring of carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes can happen in response to the surrounding environment. Fourth, surface adsorption and desorption dynamics of toluene on activated charcoal can be traced. Such experiments demonstrate that there are still a broad range of research fields ahead SFG can be directed to, where materials in mesoscopic scales with irregular or complex surfaces can be studied.
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ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
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2018
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IF 5.116
Daohua Liu,Xun-an Ning,Yanxiang Hong,Yang Li,Qiushi Bian,Jianpei Zhang
Covalent triazine-based frameworks (CTFs) with high nitrogen content, porous structures and low electric resistance were synthesized and applied as membrane capacitive deionization (CDI) electrodes for the first time. The obtained CTFs exhibit abundant micropore structure which provide adsorption site for ion and certain hydrophilicity ensure the whole pore volume is participating. The electrodes of p -CTFs show ideal capacitive behavior with the maximum specific capacitance values of 122.63 F g −1 at a scan rate of 1 mV s −1 under 1 M NaCl solution. Besides, the further membrane capacitive deionization by batch mode experiment exhibits excellent electrosorption capacity of 29.34 mg g −1 under 1.2 V in a 1000 mg L −1 NaCl solution and stable regeneration performance. With the admirable properties mentioned above, the prepared CTFs can offer great opportunities as promising CDI electrodes for application of high-performance desalination .
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2019
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IF 8.355
Xun Fan,Guangcheng Zhang,Qiang Gao,Jiantong Li,Zhengyang Shang,Hongming Zhang,Yu Zhang,Xuetao Shi,Jianbin Qin
In this work, epoxy foams with high volume expansion ratio and excellent electromagnetic interference (EMI) are fabricated by the supercritical carbon dioxide as blowing agent. So far, the volume expansion ratio of about 20 for epoxy foam reported in this work is the highest in literature and reported for the first time, related to the strategy of introducing hyperbranched epoxy and solvent-free covalent nanofluid hybrid material of nanocarbon black as modifier and nucleated agent. Meanwhile, incorporating commercial silver nanosheet (AgNS) into above-foamed system achieves two synergistic effects: one is the significant increase of electrical conductivity and the other is the well controllable cell structure to avoid cell coalescence. In turn, the uniform cell distribution of epoxy foams is favorable for the formation of more efficient conductive networks related to the biaxial stretching on rearrangement in the cell wall and inter-connection of AgNS. Multi-properties including electrical conductivity of 89.12 S/m, specific EMI SE (SSE) of 334.59 dB·cm 3 /g and thermal conductivity of 58.71 mW/m·K are achieved in the epoxy composite foam with 20.0 wt% AgNS. The EMI mechanism is dominated by absorption rather than reflection due to electromagnetic waves attenuated by AgNSs in cell walls after the waves reflecting several times in cells. This work provides SCCO 2 foaming strategy as a feasible path to generate epoxy conductive polymer composite (CPC) foam with lighting weight, low thermal conductivity, outstanding electrical conductivity, excellent EMI SE and accessible mechanical strength.
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
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2019
·Vol. 54
·期 8
·6151-6163
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IF 3.442
Yan Dejian,Liu Jikai,Fu Xingchen,Liu Pingle,Luo He’an
Boron-rich semiconductors make significant contributions to the family of explored metal-free photocatalysts, which have attracted much attention in recent years. Boron carbide (B 4 C) belongs to a typical metal-free boron-rich photocatalyst which is facing difficulties in further optimization mainly due to the extreme conditions required for the synthesis of this material. In the present work, five different transition-metal catalysts (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) were investigated for lowering the crystallization temperature of B 4 C. Ni is the best catalyst for the reaction, and the crystalline mesoporous B 4 C powders can be obtained at merely 850 °C with a surface area of 130.55 m 2 g −1 , which is 27 times larger than commercial B 4 C. The photocatalytic properties of B 4 C prepared with Ni catalyst at different calcination temperatures were further evaluated by photocatalytic CO 2 reduction and generation of hydroxyl radicals. Both the crystallinity and surface area of the B 4 C would influence the final photocatalytic properties. For B 4 C photocatalysts, we firstly found that the crystallinity would influence the photogenerated holes more significantly while the surface area would have more significant influence on the photogenerated electrons. The B 4 C obtained at 950 °C exhibits the best photocatalytic activities for both CO 2 reduction and generation of ·OH radicals, which are 3.1 and 2.1 times higher than the commercial B 4 C, respectively. This present study may provide crucial references for the low-temperature synthesis of crystalline B 4 C and new opportunities for the application of the metal-free B 4 C photocatalysts to solar energy conversion.
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GREEN CHEMISTRY
·
2019
·Vol. 21
·期 21
·5828-5840
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IF 9.405
Xinli Tong,Pengfei Guo,Shengyun Liao,Song Xue,Haigang Zhang
The selective transformation of the aldehyde group (–CHO) in multifunctional oxygenates is a key challenge in the development of sustainable biomass feedstock. Herein, a smart Ni-MFC catalyst was developed from a 2D Ni-based metal–organic framework (MOF), which efficiently promoted the transformation of –CHO in the presence of H2 to a methyl group (–CH3) via the reductive etherification and hydrogenolysis of the C–O ether bond in methanol. Moreover, the catalytic process could be controlled to directionally produce methyl ether (–CH2OR) using the reductive etherification protocol. For the catalytic reduction of vanillin, the Ni-MFC-700 catalyst guaranteed the full conversion of vanillin and 96.5% yield of the desired 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol (MMP), while the Ni-MFC-500 catalyst afforded about 82.7% yield of 4-(methoxymethyl)-2-methoxyphenol in methanol solvent. This is a novel and promising approach for the valorization of multifunctional oxygenates and biomass-derived platform compounds.
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