JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
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2026
·
IF 6.7
Jiafeng Jin,Yan Deng,Jinsheng Sun,Kaihe Lv,Kang Ren,Caina Song
To address the bottlenecks of high temperatures, prolonged reaction durations, and low yields during the in-situ conversion of oil shale, a multi-metal embedded nano-catalyst was synthesized via a hydrothermal method in this study. The prepared catalyst effectively lowered the pyrolysis temperature of oil shale and enhanced hydrocarbon recovery. Comprehensive characterization confirmed that the synthesized catalyst exhibited a well-defined framework, which was consistent with the design intent, with uniform crystal sizes of 10–30 nm and excellent thermal stability. At 350 °C, the total acidity of the prepared catalyst reached 203.97 μmol·g⁻¹ . Pyrolysis experiments demonstrated that under a supercritical CO₂-assisted catalytic system, a hydrocarbon yield of 48% was achieved at 350 °C, significantly reducing the required pyrolysis temperature compared with 39% at 450 °C under N₂. Product analyses by GC–MS and GC revealed a clear shift toward lighter fractions and increased olefin production, with olefin content rising by 17.4% and heavy fractions being suppressed, thereby improving oil and gas quality. Two-dimensional NMR spectra, density distribution profiles, and molecular dynamics simulations of density distributions and interaction energies provided further evidence that the synergistic interaction between supercritical CO₂ and the multi-metal composite catalyst facilitates kerogen decomposition, promotes its conversion into mobile oil, weakens the adsorption of hydrocarbon products on the shale, and enhances the migration of hydrocarbons. These results demonstrate that the supercritical CO₂–nanocatalyst strategy provides an efficient pathway to improve yield and product quality at lower effective temperature, offering practical implications for cleaner and more efficient in-situ upgrading of oil shale.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2026
·
IF 12.5
Long Ren,Panpan Liu,Changsen Zhang
Hydrodeoxygenation of waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) presents a promising avenue for aromatic production; however, achieving complete deoxygenation alongside high aromatic relative peak area abundance remains a significant challenge. Herein, we demonstrate a novel one-pot coupled pyrolysis process for waste PET and LDPE using a Mesoporous Granular Stacked Zeolite Catalyst (MGS), achieving a greater than 99% aromatic relative peak area abundance in product oil. Comprehensive experiments and characterization reveal that this outstanding catalytic performance stems from the MGS catalyst's exceptionally large specific surface area, abundant mesoporosity, and superior hydrogen transfer capability. Mechanistic investigations employing Density Functional Theory (DFT) elucidate the hydrogen transfer pathway: under the influence of oxygen and aluminium sites within the MGS framework, LDPE undergoes dehydrogenation and cyclization, while activated hydrogen species drive the catalytic pyrolysis of PET. Remarkably, the catalyst exhibits exceptional stability over multiple recycling cycles. This work establishes a promising and sustainable strategy for the chemical recycling of PET and LDPE and provides fundamental mechanistic insights for designing advanced catalysts for hydrogen transfer reactions.
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ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
·
2026
·
IF 7.6
Yiling Wu,Youting Wang,Jiahao Wu,Bin Chen,Yixin Li,Kok Bing Tan,Yikun Zhou,Jian Tian,Xiaoping Rao,Guowu Zhan
The spatial distribution of framework aluminum (AlF) in ZSM-5 zeolites critically controls catalytic pathways for converting fatty acids to value-added short-chain olefins (C4=-C8=). Here, we synthesize hierarchical-porous BioZ5-PX catalysts using phytic acid (PA)-modified tea seed husk (TSH) biomass templates to strategically position AlF. Interestingly, PA optimization precisely directs aluminum toward channel intersections, enhancing Brønsted acidity and Al-pair proximity. This spatial engineering achieves near-complete deoxygenation (100% conversion) with exceptional 97.4% total olefin selectivity and 92.6% C4=-C8= selectivity, outperforming unmodified analogs by >32%. Mechanistic studies reveal that aluminum enrichment at intersections facilitates a cascade reaction: stearic acid first undergoes decarbonylation to a C17H35OH, followed by dehydration and selective C–C cleavage to C4=-C8= products. Conversely, aluminum confined to straight/sinusoidal channels as isolated sites restricts intermediate diffusion (due to large steric hindrance) and cracking efficiency. This work establishes AlF spatial control as a key design principle for designing high-performance zeolite catalysts for sustainable, high-yield olefin production from biomass.
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JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
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2026
·
IF 6.7
Xianze Wang,Tao Wang,Peng Zeng,Wenyan Mu,Haozhao He,Dongling Wu
The efficient utilization of low-rank coal is constrained by the low yield and high heavy-component content of tar from conventional pyrolysis. To overcome this, a novel deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of NiCl 2 and ethylene glycol (EG) was synthesized as a multifunction reagent for the catalytic pyrolysis of Naomaohu coal. Results demonstrated that the NiCl 2 -EG DES improved both tar yield and quality. The optimal performance was achieved at a 1:4 ratio (NMH-4), where the tar yield increased to 19.26% from 10.77% for raw coal, and the light fraction (boiling point ≤ 360 °C) yield increased from 7.67% to 15.08%. Kinetic analysis via the KAS method revealed a lower average apparent activation energy (224.18 kJ·mol −1 vs. 247.34 kJ·mol −1 for raw coal) and a higher pre-exponential factor, confirming enhanced pyrolysis reactivity. The synergistic mechanism was elucidated by FTIR, XRD and GC-MS characterization: NiCl 2 is reduced to metallic Ni via carbothermal reaction, and the in-situ formed Ni catalyzes the cleavage of C O, C-O, and C-C bonds, while the active hydrogen produced by EG decomposition stabilizes the pyrolysis free radicals, thereby inhibiting the recombination and promoting the formation of light fraction. This synergy also facilitated the deoxygenation of phenols and the ring-opening of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The hydrogen-donating pathway, verified using 4-ethylphenol, showed that EG-derived active hydrogen preferentially stabilizes 4-hydroxyphenyl radicals, increasing phenol yield. This work demonstrates an effective strategy to integrate catalysis and hydrogen donation by designing a dedicated deep eutectic solvent, offering an effective route for coal pyrolysis upgrading.
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CELLULOSE
·
2026
·
IF 4.6
Wu Xiao,Yuan Jinyu,Li Jingpan,Liu Yue,Li Biao,Yang Jianxiao
High-yield and ultra-pure rayon-based carbon fiber (RCF) mats were successfully fabricated via a synergistic catalytic pyrolysis strategy using ammonium persulfate (APS) and caprolactam (CPL), aiming to overcome the conventional trade-off between carbon yield and catalyst-derived impurities. The catalytic mechanism, pyrolysis behavior, and structural evolution and performance were systematically investigated. APS selectively oxidized C6 hydroxy groups of cellulose into carboxyl functionalities and generated an in situ acidic environment, which suppressed levoglucosan formation and reduced the apparent activation energy of pyrolysis. Under these conditions, CPL underwent acid-induced ring opening to form aminohexanoic acid intermediates that reacted with cellulose-derived species through Schiff-base condensation, leading to the formation of covalently cross-linked structures. This cooperative mechanism effectively inhibited depolymerization and enhanced carbon yield during thermal conversion. As a result, the R-C/A-2000 sample achieved a high carbon yield of 31.78%, and developed turbostratic graphite microcrystals with a d 002 spacing of 0.362 nm after graphitization at 2000 °C. Subsequent halogen purification reduced the total impurity concentration to 119.23 ppm, meeting the purity requirements for semiconductor thermal-field insulation materials. The results demonstrated that synergistic regulation of cellulose pyrolysis pathways via CPL/APS catalysis is an effective strategy to simultaneously improve carbon yield and product purity in RCF mat production. Graphical abstract
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CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2025
·
IF 5.6
Yumin An,Mingyao Song,Jiabao Xu,Yongshuai Xie
In this paper, Ce-Zr oxide ceramic fiber aerogels (CZOf) with effective thermal insulation properties were successfully prepared by a simple two-step method of solution blow spinning and pyrolysis. In the spinnable precursor cerium-zirconium carboxylate, the organic carboxylic acid ligands and metal inorganic salts enhanced its structural stability through coordination interactions. The effect of thermal treatment temperature and Ce doping amounts on the crystal structure of CZOf were analyzed based on XRD. At the same time, the microstructures of the CZOf heat treated at different temperatures were analyzed by SEM in detail. In addition, CZOf exhibited a compressive stress of 24.9 kPa under 80 % compressive strain, and still showed a compressive stress of 20.2 kPa after 20 compression cycles. The room-temperature thermal conductivity of CZOf was in the range of 31.4–38.3 mW m −1 K −1 . The CZOf with a thickness of 10 mm could reduce the hot surface temperature from 1200 °C to about 210.5 °C after 10min, demonstrating excellent thermal insulation performance.
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ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
·
2025
·
IF 10.9
Mingli Yue,Yue Zhang,Liangzhong Lv,Jiaqi Zhu,Ying Fu,Fei Ye
Microwave-assisted pyrolysis has been viewed as one of the most promising technologies for the biomass utilization, but some problems on the power consumption and gaseous product storage exist in the primary biomass processing. In this paper, a novel biomass microwave-assisted pyrolysis system driven by solid oxide fuel cell was proposed. An experimental system was established to obtain the distribution of product components for rice, wheat, maize straw and sawdust with different catalysts. The energy analysis using experimental data was performed through the microwave-assisted pyrolysis system modeling. Results indicate that, overall, the pyrolysis power consumption becomes lower at a higher pyrolysis temperature, due to the more carbon monoxide. The power generation capacity of biomass increases with the pyrolysis temperature, benefiting from a higher gas yield and larger mass fractions of combustible gases. The energy self-sufficiency ratio of sawdust is as high as 1.84, which is far higher than those of three straws (lower than 0.43), making the sawdust an ideal biomass. In the view of energy self-sufficiency ratio, the iron-carbon composite material and nickel oxide material are the optimal catalysts for straws, and the ferroferric oxide catalyst behaves best for sawdust through decreasing the pyrolysis power consumption drastically (＜1200 kJ/kg). This research provides a novel technical approach to supply the electricity for biomass microwave-assisted pyrolysis.
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FUEL
·
2023
·
IF 7.4
Xinyi Chen,Guangsheng Zou,Yanliang Yuan,Zuwei Xu,Haibo Zhao
The current study investigates a nano-Fe/Ce oxygen carriers (OCs) doped with Ni synthesized by flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) method for the chemical looping dry reforming of methane (CL-DRM). The thermodynamic analysis and reaction simulation of the CL-DRM process with iron-based oxygen carriers are first carried out. The result shows that when reacting with CH 4 , Fe 2 O 3 is reduced to Fe 3 O 4 at first, accompanied by generation of H 2 O and CO 2 , and then to Fe with H 2 and CO production. Fe can be oxidized to Fe 3 O 4 and FeO by CO 2 . Subsequently, based on the reaction patterns obtained from the aforementioned analysis, CL-DRM experiment using Ni-doped Fe/Ce oxygen carriers is conducted in a fixed-bed reactor, and the effects of different Ni doping and reaction conditions on the performance of the oxygen carriers are investigated. The OC with a Ni/Fe molar ratio of 2/98 (2NiFe) achieves over 30% CH 4 conversion and 90% CO selectivity in the partial oxidation step and stable cyclic performance. The FSP process facilitates high dispersion of Ni and formation of NiCe and NiFe alloys, which are stable active sites. Moreover, the transformation of Fe oxides and CeO 2 into CeFeO 3 on the surface of the OC has enhanced lattice oxygen availability and further improved cyclic stability.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
能源科学
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INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
·
2022
·
IF 4.326
Junhong Liu,Yi Li,Xin Jia,Kuntong Song,Wenxia Hou,Xu Zheng,Qing Zhou,Junli Xu,Xingmei Lu,Guangwen Xu
A catalyst based on molybdenum oxides was prepared and used for the catalytic pyrolysis of PET (poly(ethylene terephthalate)) in a H2 atmosphere to facilitate the direct conversion of PET for producing olefins (ethylene and propylene) and TPA (terephthalic acid). At a reaction temperature of 400 °C, the yields of olefins and aromatic products were the highest, reaching 10.10 and 52.16 wt %, respectively. Meanwhile, the carbon black could be entirely removed. The content of TPA in aromatic products was about 70%, and the content of benzoic acid reached 22.64%. Analyses using in situ gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were performed to clarify the possible reaction mechanism involved in the catalytic pyrolysis of PET. Vinyl ester was found to be an important intermediate in the formation of olefins. The molybdenum oxide catalyst promoted the cleavage of the C–O bond in the side chain of PET molecules to form TPA and monovinyl terephthalate. By catalytic hydrogenation, vinyl ester was easily attacked by H to drop off the vinyl end to form olefins, simultaneously converting the ester groups into a carboxyl group and further into a TPA. This is also the main path for the production of olefins. Meanwhile, the source of olefins also involved the hydrogenation of the coordinated quaternary cycle transition state of vinyl esters and the H transfer and cracking of monoethyl terephthalate. In addition, it was found that the presence of H2 was the main reason for the reduction of carbon black products. This work is promising to promote the highly efficient utilization of waste PET and directional adjustment of pyrolysis products.
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CATALYSIS LETTERS
·
2026
·Vol. 156
·期 3
·75
·
IF 2.5
Huang Haiyun,Chen Lungang,Zhang Xinghua,Zhang Qi,Zhuang Xiuzheng,Ma Longlong
Effective utilization of lignocellulosic biomass as value-added fuels and chemicals is of great significance for achieving the dual goals of sustainable biorefinery and carbon neutrality. Here, Ni-WOx@C catalysts were synthesized for efficiently catalytic conversion of cellulose into ethylene glycol (EG). The catalyst was prepared through a one-step pyrolysis method by using citric acid and SiO 2 as the carbon source and structural template, respectively. A series of controlled experiments demonstrated that the pyrolysis temperature and the particle size of the SiO 2 template significantly affected the physicochemical properties of the catalyst, including the surface morphology, active sites provided by the loaded metals, and the distribution of Lewis acid sites. The optimized catalysts of Ni-WOx@C 600−2 , which was prepared by the pyrolysis at 600 °C with a 2 μm SiO 2 template, delivered the best performance characterized by its high specific surface area (124.86 m 2 /g), well-defined pores, as well as the cooperation between metallic species and Lewis acid sites. Under the optimized reaction conditions (220 °C, 4 MPa H 2 , 3 h), this as-prepared catalyst achieved nearly complete cellulose conversion (> 99%) and EG yield of 60.1%. Generally speaking, the design of Ni-WOx-based catalyst provides new insight for effective catalysis and has considerable application potential in cellulose conversion. Graphical
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Bioresource Technology Reports
·
2023
·
IF 0
Shaoqing Wang,Gaixiu Yang,Juntao Yang,Zhen Wan,Zhihe Li,Weiming Yi
In this paper, the ternary molten salt (Li 2 CO 3 -Na 2 CO 3 -K 2 CO 3 ) was introduced into the lignin pyrolysis process for the co-production of monophenols and value-added carbon materials. The effect of lignin/molten salt ratios (i.e., 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3) on lignin pyrolysis behaviour was investigated herein. The pyrolytic products were characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, ultimate analyses, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption analyses, and Raman analyses. Results showed that molten salt media can promote the conversion of bulky phenolic oligomers into mono-phenols by enhancing the cracking and deoxygenation reactions. P-type phenols (49.76 %) were produced when the lignin/molten salt mass ratio was 1:3. The porosity and aromaticity of biochar were regulated in-situ using molten salt. The possible catalytic effect of molten salt on lignin pyrolysis was proposed. This study provides a case reference for lignin waste resource utilization.
研究领域:
生物质转化
·
能源化工
·
材料科学
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JOURNAL OF WUHAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY-MATERIALS SCIENCE EDITION
·
2023
·Vol. 38
·期 6
·1262-1268
·
IF 1.6
Ding Jie,Li Yan,Shi Minxian,Huang Zhixiong,Qin Yan,Zhuang Yingluo,Wang Cunku
The composites were prepared by modifying silicon carbide fiber with particles of zirconium carbide (ZrC) and boron carbide (B 4 C) and incorporating them into a phenolic resin matrix. The influence of ZrC and B 4 C on the mechanical performance of SiC f /phenolic composites after high-temperature pyrolysis was studied through flexural performance test. The results show that the composite material has good thermal stability and high-temperature mechanical properties. After static ablation at 1 400 °C for 15 minutes, the flexural strength of the composite material reaches 286 MPa, which is still 7.3% higher than at room temperature, indicating that the composite material still has good mechanical properties even after heat treatment at 1 400 °C.
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