Reaction Kinetics Mechanisms and Catalysis
·
2022
·Vol. 135
·期 4
·2231-2246
·
IF 1.843
Luo Qiuzi,Sun Yihua,Guo Jin,Zhang Jiangyu,Fang Liang
The properties of ZnO nanoparticles doped with titanium ions (Ti 4+ ) and gallium ions (Ga 3+ ) were modified by sol–gel method. Considering the ion radius of doped metal elements, the radius of Zn ions and the doping limit of ZnO, the doping rate of Ti is fixed at 1 atom%, and the optimal doping amount of Ga is discussed. The Ga/Ti co-doped ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and infrared spectroscopy. XRD results show that Ga/Ti co-doped ZnO has hexagonal wurtzite phase structure. With the increase of Ga doping concentration, the particle size of ZnO decreases. Through photoluminescence analysis, it is found that the absorption of Ga/Ti co-doped ZnO in the visible region moves to the long wave direction. In addition, with the increase of Ga doping, the particle size of GTZ powder first decreases and then increases, the band gap also decreases and then increases. When the doping amount of Ga is 1.5 atom%, the photocatalytic activity is the best. The degradation rate of MB was 90% within 2.5 h. Ga/Ti co-doped ZnO nanoparticles have good photocatalytic properties and low cost. They are a promising catalyst for wastewater treatment.
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OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 4.6
Shu Guo,Shi Wang,Liu Wang,Tifeng Jiao,Mingli Wang
The distance between the probe molecule and the metal nano-particle affects photoluminescence (PL) enhancement and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). On the one hand, magnetic Fe 3 O 4 is introduced into the core–shell structure as a spacer, and the luminous molecules are separated from silver nano-particles (AgNPs) to prevent PL quenching. On the other hand, they are wrapped on the surface of AgNPs to weaken the effect of aggregation on Raman signals. Herein, magnetic core–shell nano-particles (Ag@Fe 3 O 4 ) were successfully synthesised in one step; their size can be controlled by changing the added amount of Fe 3+ . In a series of experiments and comparisons, core–shell nano-particles that can be utilised for PL enhancement and SERS were obtained, and the enhancement factors of particles prepared in different batches were all above 20. In addition, the excellent time stability of Ag@Fe 3 O 4 particles was confirmed, that is, the PL intensity only decreased by 8.6 % within 14 days. Therefore, the core–shell structure can detect methylene blue in aqueous solution by measuring emission spectrum, with a detection concentration as low as 0.1 μM.
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Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2024
·
IF 7.4
Wanqi Zhang,Runchen Zhu,Fakang Pan,Chao Xie,Junyong He,Zijian Wu,Yulian Li,Yahui Li,Jiandong Lu,Peidong Hong,Lingtao Kong
The development of suitable catalysts poses a challenge for the peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation system used in decontamination process. Here we constructed a series of vacancy-strengthened Cu/Co composite oxides (CuCoO) composed of CuCo 2 O 4 and CuO containing multiple Lewis acid sites. The results demonstrate that the as-prepared CuCoO-2 exhibited exceptional activation performance, broad-ranging degradation capacity, remarkable reusability and stability. The optimized CuCoO-2+PMS system achieved complete removal of methylene blue (MB) in 40 min, while maintaining a degradation efficiency of above 86 % even after 5 cycles. A comprehensive survey revealed that hydroxyl radical (·OH), sulfate radical (SO 4 .- ) and singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) collectively contribute to the degradation of MB in the CuCoO-2+PMS system. Especially, 1 O 2 was the dominant active species. The synergism of various Lewis acid sites (Cu +/2+ , Co 2+/3+ and V O/N ) as unsaturated surface-bound centers played a pivotal role in promoting non-radical-driven activation of PMS. Meanwhile, the generated V O/N facilitated enhanced metallic valence circulation in CuCoO-2, strengthening electron mediation between PMS and MB. Additionally, possible degradation pathways and toxicity evaluations of MB and its intermediates were proposed. In conclusion, this work offers valuable insights into PMS activation by vacancy-strengthened CuCoO and is of great significance for water purification.
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ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 2.2
Fengrong Zhang,Cuilan Zhang,Binghan Zhang,Dandan Han,Longwei Du,Lishun Wu
Blast furnace slag (BFS) is a kind of waste produced in industrial production, as well as a valuable secondary resource. In this paper, layered double hydroxides composites (BFS/LDHs) were prepared by aqueous polymerization, with industrial waste BFS as modifier and magnesium nitrate, aluminium nitrate, and urea as raw materials. BFS/LDHs have been characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier infrared spectrometer (FT IR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and the specific surface area analyser (BET). The adsorption of BFS/LDHs on Cu (II) and methylene blue (MB) was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of BFS/LDHs to Cu (II) is stronger than that of MB. What’s more, the solid concentration effect was found in the process of sorption kinetics and sorption isotherms. The sorption kinetics curves of Cu (II) and MB on BFS/LDHs were well fitted by the quasi-second-order kinetics under different adsorbent concentrations. Langmuir and Freundlich sorption isotherm models were used to analyse the adsorption. It showed that the adsorption conforms to Langmuir and Freundlich’s adsorption isotherm models. The BFS/LDHs composites have good recycling availability in this adsorption process of Cu (II) and MB, the removal capacity of which was reduced by 16.1% and 3.8% after being recycled for six times, respectively. More importantly, BFS/LDHs composites are not only expected to become a sewage treatment agent, but also to solve the problem of industrial waste treatment, which is a win–win strategy.
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RSC Advances
·
2025
·Vol. 15
·期 38
·31508-31521
·
IF 4.6
Donghai Li,Yunrui Xu,Shilin Zhang,Linping Wang
To improve the utilization of solar energy and the efficiency of photocatalytic organic pollutant degradation, novel Z-scheme heterojunctions with high visible light catalytic performances have been widely developed. Herein, a novel Z-scheme BiFeO3/Ag/g-C3N4 heterojunction with a hierarchical 1D/0D/2D structure and visible light absorption was constructed by matching the suitable band structure between 1D BiFeO3 and 2D g-C3N4 and employing the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect of 0D Ag nanoparticles. BiFeO3 nanofibers were synthesized via the electrospinning technique, providing short electron transport paths and visible light absorption range for g-C3N4. Plasmonic Ag nanoparticles were photodeposited on the surface of BiFeO3 to enhance the separation efficiency of the photogenerated electron–hole pairs between the bulk interfaces. UV-vis DRS, PL, photocurrent and EIS spectra confirmed the important roles of Ag and BiFeO3 in improving the photocatalytic activity of the Z-scheme heterojunction. The working principle of the BiFeO3/Ag/g-C3N4 Z-scheme heterojunction was proposed, indicating that ˙O2− and ˙OH are the main active species for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB). The prepared BiFeO3/Ag/g-C3N4 heterojunction exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity, where its rate constant was 5.84 times higher than that of the pristine BiFeO3 and 3.26 times higher than that of the pristine g-C3N4. This study offers a new means for the design of novel high-performance photocatalysts, which can be a promising candidate in industrial applications.
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SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 2.3
Chunlai Wu,Aimaiti Gali,Chuanyun Peng,Yalei Miao,Juan Li,Xinyu Gao
The treatment of dye wastewater is of crucial significance for alleviating water pollution, ensuring ecological security and achieving the sustainable utilization of water resources. In this work, the 1-allyl-3-butylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid modified Co/Fe-LDH (Co/Fe-LDH@IL) was successfully synthesized and explored for elimination Methylene Blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. Characterizations revealed that the incorporation of ionic liquids notably increased the specific surface area from 5.37 m2.g−1 to 8.15 m2.g−1. Additionally, the number of surface active sites, was significantly enhanced. For a 25 mL MB solution with an initial concentration of 300 mg.L−1, the optimal dosage of Co/Fe-LDH@IL was determined to be 30 mg, achieving adsorption equilibrium within 20 min. Under these conditions, the maximum adsorption capacity was 517.43 mg.g−1. Kinetic studies indicated that the pseudo-second-order model accurately described the process. The Langmuir isotherm model provided a better fit than the Freundlich model, indicating a homogeneous monolayer adsorption mechanism. Column adsorption experiments further validated the superior performance of Co/Fe-LDH@IL in treating MB solutions of different concentrations. The adsorption mechanism involved electrostatic interactions, interface regulation by IL molecules, and monolayer π-π interaction adsorption on imidazole functional group. Co/Fe-LDH@IL exhibits outstanding adsorption performance and stability, showing great potential for efficiently treating MB-containing wastewater.
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Catalysis Science & Technology
·
2026
·
IF 4
Shixuan Li,Dongha Huang,Jiao He,Vasanthakumar Vasudevan,Boqing Chen,Wenjie Zhang,Tingting Wu,Xiao Wu,Xiao yan Xiang,Jinqing Lin
Nitrogen doping serves as a viable strategy to improve the activity of heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysts, whereas the practical deployment of Fenton-like technology is restricted by the complexity of nitrogen-doping procedures. Herein, a in-situ nitrogen-doped Fenton-like catalyst was synthesized through calcination from an in-situ iron-incorporated hyper-cross-linked polymer, where aniline functions as both carbon and nitrogen source while FeCl3 serves dual roles as catalyst for the polymerization and iron precursor. The resulting α-Fe2O3/N-CHCP materials were systematically evaluated for methylene blue (MB) degradation via heterogeneous Fenton-like reactions. Comprehensive characterization demonstrates that nitrogen doping effectively modulates the electronic structure of the carbon matrix, facilitating enhanced charge transfer kinetics and promoting efficient ≡Fe3+/≡Fe2+ cycling for superior H2O2 activation. The optimized α-Fe2O3/N-CHCP-2 catalyst exhibits exceptional catalytic performance, achieving complete removal of MB (100 mg L−1) within 15 min under neutral conditions (pH 7.3) with a high apparent rate constant (kobs) of 0.4732 min−1 significantly surpassing the N-free α-Fe2O3/CHCP catalyst (kobs = 0.0159 min−1). The α-Fe2O3/N-CHCP-2 catalytic system also demonstrates remarkable operational flexibility, maintaining high efficiency across a broad pH range (3-10) and in the presence of some common inorganic coexisting ions. Mechanistic investigations, supported by quenching experiments and EPR spectroscopy, reveal that hydroxyl radicals (•OH) are the predominant reactive species, whereas superoxide radicals (•O2−) contribute secondarily to the degradation process. This work establishes an effective synthetic approach for constructing advanced in-situ N-doping and metal-nitrogen-carbon coordination systems with optimized interfacial electron transfer properties, offering promising applications in advanced oxidation processes for wastewater remediation.
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BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
·
2026
·
IF 7
Yangfan Zhang,Yunyu Guo,Mengjiao Fan,Wenjian Liu,Xinning Du,Yueyue Song,Shu Zhang,Kanglin Chen,Jianwei Zhong,Xun Hu
This study develops an effective method for fabricating hierarchically porous activated carbons (ACs) from willow and poplar by employing KCl or NaCl modified CaCO 3 as activating agents. KCl or NaCl addition lowered energy barrier for decomposition of CaCO 3 by forming low-melting-point eutectics that disrupted dense CaO layer and facilitated CO 2 diffusion, maximizing utilization efficiency of CO 2 for etching carbon skeleton for creating micropores and CaO as hard template for generating mesoporosity. Such synergistic effects formed AC from activation of willow by CaCO 3 /KCl with more than doubled S BET (1352.2 versus 569.5 m 2 g -1 for AC-willow-CaCO 3 ) and also more mesopores (43.1% versus 14.7%) for enhanced adsorption of methylene blue. Such a result also applied to activation of poplar (1148.3 m 2 g -1 for AC-poplar- CaCO 3 /KCl versus 589.1 m 2 g −1 for AC-poplar- CaCO 3 ; mesopores: 12.6% versus 46.6%). CaCO 3 together with NaCl showed similar enhanced capability for creating more developed pore structures. Additionally, formation of low-melting eutectics between chloride salts and CaO resulted in enhanced salts permeability, volume expansion and localized stress, which together formed AC with wrapped ash and more fragmentated surface. In-situ IR characterization of activation processes confirmed activity of KCl or NaCl on cracking of aliphatic components and significantly intensified cracking/gasification together with CaCO 3 .
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Catalysts
·
2026
·Vol. 16
·期 6
·494
·
IF 4.5
Zijie Chen,Jinyang Chen
A series of Mg-Al LDH-based photocatalysts were synthesized via a one-pot steam-assisted method, including pure Mg-Al LDH (MA), Zn-In ion-exchange-modified Mg-Al LDH (MAZ), BiOCl-loaded pristine Mg-Al LDH (MAB), and Zn-In-modified Mg-Al LDH co-loaded with TiO2and BiOCl (MA/Zn-In/TiO2/BiOCl, MAZB). The one-pot synthesis facilitated the in situ intercalation and uniform loading of BiOCl/TiO2/Zn-In, while Zn2+/In3+modified the MA layers via ion exchange, leading to an expansion of the interlayer spacing. The innovation of this work is reflected in two aspects: first, all raw materials are added via a one-pot strategy to achieve in situ preparation of modified hydrotalcite; second, this synthetic route features simple post-treatment without complicated washing, pressure filtration, and other tedious operations. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and N2adsorption–desorption isotherms. The bismuth chloride oxide/TiO2/LDHs exhibited a layered structure, with the active components uniformly distributed between the layers and on the MA surface. Under simulated sunlight irradiation, MAZB achieved 97.5% degradation of 20 mg/L MB within 120 min, with an apparent rate constant of 0.0297 min−1, which is 7.2 times, 2.4 times, and 2.9 times that of MA, MAZ, and MAB, respectively. The degradation rate of MAZB still remained at 89.5% after five cycles, demonstrating excellent stability and reusability. Compared with traditional hydrothermal methods, this steam-assisted system features mild reaction conditions (180 °C, atmospheric pressure), sodium-free raw materials, no washing requirement, and zero waste discharge, showing prominent green advantages.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2025
·
IF 8.5
Nasim Ullah,Adeel Ahmed,Muhammad Adnan,Raza Ullah,Muzamil Ahmad,Ikram Ullah,Muhammad Rashid,Qian Zhang,Muhammad Fayaz,Bing Yu,Hailin Cong
In this particular investigation, zinc chloride ZnCl 2 was utilized as activating agent in the process to produce activated carbon from vegetable waste of okra. The AC was further incorporated into calcium carbonate and polyvinylpyrrolidone/sodium alginate polymer to prepare modified activated carbon based composite hydrogel beads adsorbent (Ca-ACHB). This adsorbent was utilized to remove methylene blue (MB) from water. The (Ca-ACHB) adsorbent was characterized used different analytical instrument like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric (TGA), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The batch adsorption test was utilized in order to ascertain the removal of MB. The BET specific surface area of (Ca-ACHB) was 3.21 mg 2 /g and total pore volume of 0.015 m 3 /g. A sequence of adsorption assessments was conducted at a range of different conditions, including pH (2–11), dosage (0.0025–0.020 g), time (5–360 min), initial concentration (25–150 mg/L) as well as temperature (298–318 K). Whereas kinetic study is well-defined by pseudo-2nd order (R 2 = 0.884). This shows that chemisorption process take place on (Ca-ACHB) adsorbent surface. The Freundlich isotherm (R 2 = 0.987) was better followed by the equilibrium data which specified that multilayer adsorption occurred on (Ca-ACHB) adsorbent. The maximum absorption capacity of adsorbent was 119.92 mg/g using 100 mg/L of MB concentration. The acknowledged outcomes from Gibbs free energy (ΔGᴼ) and enthalpy (ΔHᴼ) constants was −1.83 to −2.17 and 4.98 kJ/mol respectively. These outcomes indicated that adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. The reusability of the (Ca-ACHB) adsorbent was examined across various regeneration cycles.
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ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2026
·
IF 5.8
Shaojie Lei,Dezhang Ren,Jian Yang,Fan Lin,Zichen Li,Tengfei Li,Yan Jin,Zhibao Huo
RuO 2 electrodes are widely used in electrocatalytic oxidation due to their excellent conductivity. However, their excessively high catalytic activity toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) results in low selectivity for hydroxyl radicals (·OH), which limits their application in the treatment of recalcitrant organic pollutants. This study proposes a strategy to simultaneously enhance electrode conductivity and the oxygen evolution potential (OEP) by modulating the RuO 2 -TiO 2 solid solution structure. Through precise control of Ti doping levels and calcination temperature via a sol-gel method, the structure-performance relationships among coating microstructure, crystal structure, and electrochemical behavior were systematically analyzed. Results show that when the Ti doping ratio is Ru: Ti= 1:2.5 and calcination is performed at 600 °C, a well-crystallized RuO 2 -TiO 2 solid solution is formed. This structure significantly reducing the charge transfer resistance and increasing the OEP by approximately 100 mV. Fluorescence and quenching experiments further confirmed that under this solid solution structure, with the ·OH fluorescence intensity increased by approximately ninefold compared to the undoped electrode. The electrode demonstrated significant advantages in MB degradation, achieving >95% decolorization within 30 min, with energy consumption as low as 5.65 kWh·t -1 , and exhibited stability more than ten times greater than that of conventional RuO 2 electrodes. This study provides a new perspective for enhancing the electrocatalytic performance of RuO 2 electrodes from the standpoint of solid solution structural regulation, offering a theoretical basis and a feasible pathway for developing efficient and low-cost anode materials for electrochemical advanced oxidation processes.
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Catalysis Science & Technology
·
2026
·
IF 4.2
Tao Liu,Zhenjie Xu,Guangming Zhou,Simiao Yu,Jie Liu,Jian Ke,Gang Lu
Chemical excess sludge, containing viruses, heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and other components, exhibits high toxicity, making its safe disposal an urgent issue. In this work, MIL-100 (Materials of Institut Lavoisier – 100(iron)) was synthesized using 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid and iron extracted from excess sludge. Additionally, titanium dioxide was loaded onto MIL-100 via an impregnation–calcination method to form T@MIL-100, and their visible-light-driven photocatalytic activities for methylene blue (MB) degradation were evaluated. The results showed that the synthesized MIL-100 exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance for MB degradation, with a degradation efficiency of 92.44% and a corresponding kinetic constant (kobs) of 0.97612 h−1. The degradation efficiency of MB over 1%T@MIL-100 was enhanced to 98.42%, and the kobs value increased to 1.39943 h−1. Quenching experiments further revealed the catalytic mechanism: h+ was the dominant active species in the MIL-100 system, while ·O2− and h+ primarily contributed to MB degradation in the T@MIL-100 system. This study provides a low-cost, efficient, and sustainable approach to convert excess sludge into functional metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and further load TiO2. This strategy not only promotes the recycling of residual iron in excess sludge to significantly reduce catalyst costs, but also enhances photocatalytic degradation performance, offering an excellent functional material for MB removal.
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