IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
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2026
·
IF 4.5
Yuanyuan Zhou,Song Li,Qingyang Xiao
The reliable detection of ammonia (NH3) at room temperature (RT) remains a critical challenge for applications in industrial safety and agricultural Internet of Things (IoT), where sensors must combine high sensitivity with robust stability against environmental interference. To address this, we engineered a stable chemiresistive heterojunction by integrating zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) nanoparticles with highly conductive two-dimensional (2D) Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets. Comprehensive characterization, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), confirms the successful formation of an intimate interface, which facilitates effective charge transfer. The optimized sensor demonstrates a response of ~25% to 100 parts per million (ppm) NH3 at 25°C, a fivefold enhancement over pristine MXene, along with excellent selectivity against common volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Crucially, the device exhibits outstanding repeatability and maintains stable performance across a wide relative humidity (RH) range (20-80% RH), directly addressing key practical deployment hurdles. The enhanced performance is attributed to the synergistic combination of specific NH3 adsorption at ZnPc molecular sites and efficient charge modulation through the conductive MXene network. This work provides a viable and manufacturable strategy for fabricating selective, stable, and room-temperature-operating gas sensors ready for integration into real-world monitoring systems.
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
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2026
·
IF 7.8
Bin Deng,Xiaoping Zhou
The concurrent enhancement of mechanical robustness and electrical conductivity in flexible conductors is fundamentally restricted by conventional solution processing, as residual porosity and disordered architectures severely disrupt stress and charge transport. Here, we report an integrated vacuum filtration and thermomechanical pressing strategy that accurately regulates LM content and triggers structural densification in nacre-inspired MXene/bacterial cellulose architectures. Specifically, vacuum filtration rapidly consolidates the hybrid network to preserve the spatial homogeneity of the constituent blocks, while subsequent thermomechanical compression rheologically activates the LM as a structural lubricant to minimize frictional barriers, driving the lateral reorientation of MXene flakes into a densified, aligned architecture. The compression forces fluidic LM into structural voids, healing assembly defects and physically isolating the LM to suppress oxidation. Consequently, this synergistic reorganization yields composite films with an exceptional combination of tensile strength (563 MPa), electrical conductivity (1.8 × 105 S·m–1), specific electromagnetic shielding (>2.5 × 104 dB·cm2·g–1), and stable low-voltage Joule heating. This precise and scalable methodology offers a generalizable paradigm to resolve the mechanical-electrical conflict in multifunctional flexible electronics.
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ACS Sensors
·
2026
·Vol. 11
·期 7
·5928-5941
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IF 10.9
Zhao Jiaqi,Pan Xiaosen,Li Nanpei,Wang Yutian,Sun Yuyang,Wang Xiaojuan,Liu Ruiming,Gao Meng,Liu Boyue,Ma Ning,Fang Yunsheng,Li Jie
Positive airway pressure therapy serves as a core therapeutic strategy for sleep-disordered breathing, with its efficacy generally evaluated via sleep breathing assessment. Nevertheless, the prevailing flow and pressure-based methods remain insufficient in both accuracy and interference resistance. Here, we propose an intelligent ventilation mask system based on the impedance humidity-sensing mechanism for long-term continuous and accurate respiratory pattern monitoring and evaluation. The integrated sensor is based on Ti 3 C 2 T x MXenes modified with dopamine-functionalized polyethyleneimine, which forms a wrinkled surface that increases the active area for water adsorption and provides a passivation effect to inhibit oxidation-induced performance degradation in humid atmospheres. The fabricated sensor exhibits high sensitivity (average of 2.29 × 10 4 Ω/%RH) and low humidity hysteresis (<0.83%). Even after extreme temperatures (100 ° C/–20 ° C) and 90-day exposure, it can maintain consistent performance. Integrated with a machine learning algorithm, the system identifies 11 respiratory patterns (5 normal and 6 abnormal) with 99.74% accuracy under ventilatory airflow and analyzes 8-hour continuous nighttime sleep data via customized software. This lays the groundwork for improving the long-term management of sleep-disordered breathing in both clinical and home settings.
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RARE METALS
·
2026
·Vol. 45
·期 8
·e70481
·
IF 12.1
Long Jiang,Zhuang Wu,Qi Fan,Shengchao Wang,Wenjie Zhang,Lijing Yu,Dirong Gong,Yunlei Zhou,Kun Liang
en This link goes to a English section zh This link goes to a Chinese section Lithium–sulfur batteries have attracted extensive interest owing to their exceptionally high theoretical energy density and environmental benignity. However, their practical performance remains severely constrained by intrinsic challenges, including the polysulfide shuttle effect and large volume expansion during cycling, which markedly compromise energy efficiency and fall far short of the requirements for commercialization. To address these challenges, we modify a commercial separator (PP) with a dual-transition-metal Mo 2 Nb 2 C 3 MXene, whose surface terminations are precisely regulated via distinct etching strategies, thereby substantially enhancing the electrochemical performance of lithium–sulfur batteries. Compared with cells employing the pristine commercial separator, all PP@Mo 2 Nb 2 C 3 -based cells deliver superior rate performance at a high current density of 3C. Notably, the PP@Mo 2 Nb 2 C 3 -Cl cell retains a high discharge capacity of 589 mAh g −1 after 200 cycles, nearly doubling that of the cell with the commercial PP separator (307 mAh g −1 ). At all tested C-rates, the PP@Mo 2 Nb 2 C 3 -based cells delivered higher discharge capacities than those employing the commercial PP separator. Overall, modification of Celgard 2500 with the dual-transition-metal Mo 2 Nb 2 C 3 MXene effectively suppresses the polysulfide shuttle, enhances sulfur utilization, and substantially prolongs the cycle life of lithium–sulfur batteries. This work provides valuable insights into the rational design and application of MXenes as functional modifiers for advanced lithium–sulfur batteries. 摘要 en This link goes to a English section zh This link goes to a Chinese section 锂硫电池因其高理论能量密度和对环境友好受到广泛关注,但其在工作中产生多硫化物引起的穿梭效应、体积膨胀等问题严重影响电池的效率,远不足以达到商业化的要求。针对这些问题,本文研究了双过渡金属Mo 2 Nb 2 C 3 MXene对商用Celgard 2500进行改性,通过不同的刻蚀方法调控Mo 2 Nb 2 C 3 MXene端基,进而有效提升了锂硫电池的性能。与商用Celgard 2500隔膜相比,所有基于PP@Mo 2 Nb 2 C 3 的电池在3C倍率下均表现出更优异的倍率性能。值得注意的是,PP@Mo 2 Nb 2 C 3 -Cl电池在200次循环后仍保持589 mAh g −1 的高放电比容量,几乎是使用商用Celgard 2500隔膜电池(307 mAh g −1 )的两倍。在不同倍率下,PP@Mo 2 Nb 2 C 3 电池均表现出比使用商用Celgard 2500隔膜电池更高的放电比容量。总体而言,采用双过渡金属Mo 2 Nb 2 C 3 MXene对Celgard 2500隔膜进行改性,能够有效抑制多硫化物穿梭,提高硫利用率,并延长锂硫电池的循环寿命。这项工作为合理设计和应用MXene作为先进锂硫电池的功能改性材料提供了有价值的见解。
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Nano-Micro Letters
·
2026
·Vol. 18
·期 1
·449
·
IF 38.5
Ren Ziqi,Zhang Long,Zhang Qixiang,Yin Jianyu,Deng Mingfang,Zhou Xubin,Yao Qianqian,Li Songzhan,Gao Yihua,Zhang Zhen,Liu Nishuang
The solid-state architecture of iontronics osmotic power source (IOPS) significantly enhances volumetric power density and eliminates risks associated with leakage and drying up.
By making deep use of the ion-electron coupling properties of MXene, the highly integrated electrode design enables the IOPS device to be assembled into a compact osmotic power source using only three building blocks.
IOPS arrays can efficiently power commercial electronic devices and show great potential in portable, responsive power systems.
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EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
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2026
·
IF 6.8
Wenqiang Xu,Liya Lin,Jian Yang,Xin Jing
The MXene-based conductive hydrogels hold great promise for skin-interfaced bioelectronics but are often hindered by the restacking and oxidation of MXene nanosheets, as well as poor interfacial adhesion. To address these challenges, we propose a synergistic surface-and-interlayer engineering strategy that integrates a mussel-inspired polydopamine (PDA) coating with waterborne polyurethane (WPU) intercalation, which yields stable WPU/PDA@MXene hybrids that effectively resist oxidation and sedimentation for over 60 days. When incorporated into a polyacrylamide (PAM) network, the resulting composite hydrogel, denoted as PUDMP, exhibits remarkable mechanical properties, including high stretchability (1212%), toughness (433 kJ·m⁻ 3 ), and strong multi-substrate adhesion (188 kPa). The PUDMP hydrogel demonstrates multifunctional sensing capabilities with a negative temperature coefficient (−1.62%·°C⁻ 1 ), a wide-range strain sensitivity with gauge factors of 1.23 (0–200%) and 2.70 (200–600%), fast response/recovery (102/100 ms), and stable performance over 1000 cycles. As an epidermal electrode, PUDMP reliably captures electrophysiological signals such as ECG and electrodermal activity; as a strain sensor, it accurately tracks both subtle facial motions and large joint movements. Furthermore, when integrated as the flexible ionic/conductive electrode in a contact-separation triboelectric nanogenerator, the system achieves an open-circuit voltage of up to 112 V and a peak areal power density of 1.058 W·m⁻2, enabling energy harvesting and self-powered motion sensing. This work provides an integrated solution to the dispersion, stability, and adhesion challenges of MXene-based hydrogels, offering a practical platform for next-generation self-powered wearable bioelectronics.
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OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 5.2
Yuanshuai Song,Hongxin Tan,Ziteng Shen,Hongyan Zhang,Tingyin Ning,Yuxia Zhao
An enhanced MXene-based SPR sensor combining theory and experiment is proposed. • Theory indicates that the sensitivity can be enhanced by up to 80.5% through spin-coating MXene. • Experiments show that the sensor’s sensitivity can be enhanced by up to 23.1% after spin-coating MXene. • The effects of different MXene concentrations and spin-coating cycles on the sensor are investigated. • This study lays a solid foundation for the practical development of biochemical sensors. We conduct numerical and experimental investigations on a prism-coupled surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor enhanced by MXene (Ti 3 C 2 T x ). The sensor is constructed in accordance with the Kretschmann configuration. The constituent layers of the proposed sensor are numerically optimized with the goal of achieving high sensitivity, detection accuracy (DA), and figure of merit (FOM). The maximum sensitivity is expected up to 3261.2 nm/RIU when Au film integrated with 9 layers of Ti 3 C 2 T x Mxene, which represents an 80.5% enhancement compared to that in the sole Au-film SPR sensor. Subsequent experimental validation is carried out, where Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene is deposited onto the surface of the Au film through a spin-coating technique. The sensor’s refractive index sensitivity, full width at half maximum (FWHM), and FOM are obtained via experimental measurements. The effects of spin-coating Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene with different concentrations and different layer numbers on the SPR sensor are investigated and discussed. The results show that the sensor achieves a sensitivity up to 2388.1 nm/RIU, indicating a maximum sensitivity enhancement of 23.1% compared to the Au-film SPR sensor. Both numerical simulations and experimental results verify that incorporating MXene into SPR sensors offers a viable strategy to improve the detection capability of SPR-based refractive index sensors. Download: Download high-res image (154KB) Download: Download full-size image
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MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
·
2026
·
IF 5.2
Qiuyun Song,Yangmiao Shen,Fanglan Guan,Junhe Zhang,Yaxia Liu,Shanqi Lv
Contraction–sudden-expansion flow regulates GO/MXene nanosheet assembly. • RGO3# combines preferential alignment with locally less compact stacking. • RGO3# achieves 270 MPa strength and 346 S cm −1 conductivity. • 5 wt% MXene boosts conductivity to 548 S cm −1 and capacitance to 650 F cm −3 . • The device delivers 361.1 mWh cm −3 with 96.09% retention after 15,000 cycles. The rapid development of flexible wearable devices has stimulated growing interest in graphene-fiber-based flexible supercapacitors for wearable electronics. Nevertheless, conventional wet spinning provides limited control over nanosheet orientation and local stacking, and subsequent coagulation and reduction can induce compact face-to-face restacking, restricting ion accessibility while limiting the simultaneous optimization of mechanical, electrical, and electrochemical properties. As a result, fiber-shaped supercapacitors assembled from these fibers often exhibit unsatisfactory energy density and are unable to meet the performance requirements of smart textiles. In this work, three gradient contraction–expansion microfluidic spinning channels were designed based on microfluidic wet-spinning technology. Graphene composite fibers were fabricated from graphene oxide (GO) and GO/nanosized titanium carbide (MXene) composite spinning dopes, and finite-element simulations were carried out to evaluate the shear and extensional flow fields within the microchannels. The influence of microchannel geometry on fiber microstructure, mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, and electrochemical performance was systematically investigated. The contraction–expansion channel enabled the graphene nanosheets to retain an overall preferentially aligned framework while locally disrupting compact face-to-face stacking through flow-induced nanosheet rearrangement, thereby favoring the formation of intersheet voids and mesoporous ion-transport pathways. The resulting reduced graphene oxide (RGO) fiber exhibited a WAXS-derived orientation degree of 0.64, a tensile strength of 270 MPa, and an electrical conductivity of 346 S cm −1 . This globally ordered yet locally porous architecture provides continuous pathways for electron transport while improving electrolyte accessibility and ion transport within the fiber. After incorporating only 5 wt% MXene, the electrical conductivity of the MXene/RGO composite fiber further increased to 548 S cm −1 . The symmetric supercapacitor assembled from this composite fiber delivered a volumetric capacitance of 650 F cm −3 at a current density of 0.1 A cm −3 , together with an energy density of 361.1 mWh cm −3 and a power density of 100 mW cm −3 . This study demonstrates a microfluidic structural-regulation strategy for constructing graphene-based energy-storage fibers with coexisting preferential nanosheet alignment and locally porous ion-transport domains, providing useful guidance for flexible wearable energy-storage devices.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 12.5
Yu Su,Yiqian Zhang,Junlei Chen,Jun Chen,Yushun Li,Yingran Cao,Gang Chen,Hongtao Guan
PSM/MXene hydrogels with reversible EMI shielding tunability of 17.95–36.30 dB over 8.2–18 GHz. • Excellent electromagnetic absorption capability and tunable EMI shielding–absorption performance. • Different temperatures detection through resistance changes induced by hydrogel network collapse and water/ion expulsion. Intelligent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with reversible tunability hold great promise for flexible electronic and electromagnetic protection devices. In this study, heat-responsive PNIPAM/SA/HPMC/MXene hydrogels were prepared by simple in-situ polymerization and an ion crosslinking method, and their electromagnetic shielding properties can be continuously regulated. The PSM hydrogel exhibits pronounced thermoresponsive behavior near its lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and can undergo a reversible hydration-dehydration transition under external temperature stimuli. A 1.5 mm thick sample achieves a wide-range adjustable shielding performance of 17.95–36.30 dB over 8.2–18 GHz, reversibly switching between electromagnetic shielding and transmission modes. RCS simulation verifies its excellent microwave absorption performance and realizes the integration of temperature-controlled electromagnetic shielding and absorption functions. At the same time, the material has sensitive thermo-responsive resistance and stable strain-sensing characteristics, which can accurately identify ambient temperature and deformation changes. This work provides new ideas for the development of dynamically adjustable EMI shielding materials, highlighting the broad application prospects of composite hydrogels in the fields of intelligent electromagnetic protection and wearable electronics. Download: Download high-res image (204KB) Download: Download full-size image
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Nature Communications
·
2026
·
IF 18.1
Yu Hang,Xu Rongming,Ren Jiachun,Yuan Ling,Cui Zheng,Zhang Weiming,Wang Zhuyuan,Lv Lu,Zhang Xiwang,Pan Bingcai
Ion-separation membranes that combine high selectivity with high permeability are important for various practical applications. Molecular functionalization of sub-nanochannel membranes is widely used to improve ion separation selectivity; however, it often reduces ion permeation. Herein, inspired by the structural features of biological ion channels, we introduce a channel-entrance-directional functionalization strategy that integrates selective recognition with rapid ion transport. By directionally anchoring α-cyclodextrin molecules at the entrances of sub-nanochannel in two-dimensional MXene (Ti 3 C 2 T x ) lamellar membranes, we construct biomimetic ion channels in which entrance-localized recognition sites guide ion separation while unobstructed pathways enable rapid monovalent cation transport. The resulting membranes exhibit mono-/divalent cation selectivity exceeding 10 3 while preserving high permeability for monovalent ion, thereby surpassing the selectivity-permeability trade-off limit of reported ion-separation membranes. Combined experiments and simulations reveal that alterations in ion transport pathways caused by differences in ion hydration structures within sub-nanochannels are the primary mechanism for ion separation. This mechanism contrasts with conventional interpretation that primarily attributes ion separation to differences in ion-molecule binding energies. This work establishes channel-entrance engineering as a useful strategy for the design of ion-separation membranes for mono-/divalent cation separation in brine upgrading and resource-recovery.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 12.5
Xiaowei Su,Weiwen Gu,Xinyu Chen,Yifang Hua,Jingjing Yang,Yong He,Xiaoyu Gu,Jun Sun,Jiang Jing,Peng Qi,Sheng Zhang
Enhanced MXene performance via in-situ Ag intercalation and PST passivation • Multifunctional cotton fabric is prepared by an interfacial integration strategy. • The fabric exhibits flame retardancy, sensing, and thermal management capability. Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene-based textiles are gaining rapid attention for next-generation wearable technologies. However, drawbacks of MXene, such as susceptibility to oxidative degradation, poor adhesion to fabrics, and low flame-retardant efficiency, hinder its applications. Herein, we proposed a collaborative interfacial strategy to fabricate a durable, antioxidant Mxene-based cotton fabric (C-E-FR-cotton) that exhibited flame retardancy, sensing, and thermal management. MXene was surface-modified with Ag NPs and potassium sodium tartrate, and then firmly adhered to the fabric by covalent bonds. Flammability test results demonstrated that the C-E-FR-cotton fabric had excellent flame retardancy, with a limiting oxygen index value (LOI) of 36.8% and a reduction of 42.8% in total heat release. The fabric retained its electrical stability, exhibiting only 1.2 times its original resistance value even after 20 soaking cycles. Besides, the signal output of the fabric remained stable during 4000 s of compression-release cycles testing, demonstrating durable sensing capability. Furthermore, the C-E-FR-cotton achieved thermal regulation, including electrothermal heating (76 °C at 10 V), photothermal warming (53.5 °C under 1000 W·m −2 ), and radiative insulation equivalent to four cotton layers. This work presents a practical strategy to develop MXene-based textiles with enhanced antioxidant capacity, flame retardancy, and capabilities for sensing and personal thermal management.
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Small
·
2026
·
IF 11.8
Jingxuan Cui,Aihu Feng,Kun Liu,Junge Chen,Le Mi,Yang Yu,Yun Yu
The rapid development of infrared detection technology has spurred extensive interest in advanced functional materials with exceptional infrared stealth capabilities. This work fabricates a novel thermal-insulation and radiation-modulation integrated infrared stealth material, integrating polyimide (PI) aerogel fibers (endowed with thermal insulation) and MXene/tannic acid (TA) composite (featuring low emissivity and oxidation resistance), to achieve thermal camouflage for high-temperature targets. In this composite system, the abundant pores within PI aerogel fibers not only suppress gas convective heat transfer but also extend the heat conduction path along the pore walls, thus achieving efficient thermal insulation. Meanwhile, MXene's metallic-like conductivity and layered structure enable it to efficiently reflect infrared thermal radiation, minimizing radiant heat loss to the surroundings. Consequently, the composite PI/SA/TM exhibits a low thermal conductivity of 0.084 W·m −1 ·K −1 and a low emissivity of 0.17. At an ambient temperature of 200 °C, its radiant temperature is merely 40.7 °C, outperforming pure PI, TM film and commercial fabrics in terms of stealth performance. The incorporation of TA further enhances oxidation stability for PI/SA/TM, retaining excellent emissivity (0.24) even after 15 days of humid heat aging. This work provides new technical support for designing advanced functional integrated infrared stealth materials.
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