POLYMER
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2026
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IF 4.5
He Meng,Li Jiang,Yuan-Ming Zhai,Cong Yan,Fei Luo,Kai Zhang,Ming-Bo Yang
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is regarded as one of the most promising biodegradable polymers. However, PLA has inherent limitations, including low crystallinity, low melt strength, and inadequate thermal resistance, which limit its use in blown films and disposable containers. In this study, the poly(vinyl alcohol)-graft-poly(D-lactic acid) (PVA-g-PDLA) graft copolymer was synthesized via the "graft-onto" strategy and incorporated into the poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA/PVA) blend. By varying the PVA-g-PDLA content, a physical crosslinked network of stereocomplex crystals was formed, significantly enhancing the blend's crystallization rate, melt strength, and thermal resistance. Compared with the blend without PVA-g-PDLA (PLA7PVA3), the blend PLA7PVA3-g-20 exhibited a 289% increase in crystallization rate at 110 °C, a nearly four orders of magnitude increase in complex viscosity, around 1030% increase in strain-hardening ratio, a 1263% increase in the maximum elongation viscosity, and a 130% increase in Vicat softening temperature. These improvements make PLLA/PVA/PVA-g-PDLA blends promising for applications in blown films, disposable containers, and sustainable packaging solutions.
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高影响因子
POLYMER
·
2026
·
IF 4.5
Lidan Zhang,Fuhui Chen,Jian Hu,Wenpeng Zhao,Shouke Yan
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has emerged as a fundamental matrix material for constructing mechanically robust and fatigue-resistant hydrogels, owing to its unique combination of excellent biocompatibility, outstanding chemical stability, remarkable hydrophilicity, and cost-effectiveness. As physically cross-linked single-component systems, mechanical properties of PVA hydrogels are predominantly governed by two structural parameters: crystallinity and orientation of the crystallites. Herein, we propose a facile “high-temperature stretching-assisted post-rehydration” strategy to fabricate high-performance PVA hydrogels through simultaneous enhancement of crystallinity and crystalline alignment. Remarkably, the developed method successfully integrates multiple traditionally incompatible mechanical properties, including high tensile strength (30 MPa), exceptional fracture energy (22.4 kJ/m 2 ), superior fatigue resistance (9100 J/m 2 ), low hysteresis (8.3 %), and characteristic J-shaped stress-strain behavior.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CULTURAL HERITAGE
·
2026
·
IF 3.7
Ting Zhao,Yan-Xia Di,Ping-Chuan Gao,Ying Wu,Yi Liu,Yuan Fang,Zhuo Wang,Jian-Feng Zhu,Wen-Zong Yang,Yi Qin
A PVA-PAA hydrogel encapsulates microemulsions for non-invasive mural smoke removal. • PVA:PAA 7:3 hydrogel has high strength (0.66 MPa, 700%) and 67% liquid retention. • This hydrogel restores mural shape and color, enabling non-destructive cleaning. As a significant heritage of human civilization, murals often develop hydrophobic smoke deposits on their surfaces due to the combustion of incense, candles, and Yak butter, posing a serious threat to their long-term preservation. Traditional cleaning methods fail to meet the stringent requirements of cultural relic conservation, particularly with regard to safety, controllability, and non-destructiveness, thereby highlighting the urgent need for a gentle, safe, and controllable cleaning strategy. To address this challenge, this study developed a polyvinyl alcohol-polyacrylic acid (PVA-PAA) double-network hydrogel loaded with an oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsion (composed of AEO-9, SDBS, n-pentanol, liquid paraffin, and water) via a solvent displacement method. The hydrogel forms a three-dimensional network through the synergistic interaction between PVA and PAA, achieving stable cross-linking primarily through hydrogen bonding. The influence of varying PVA:PAA mass ratios on hydrogel performance was systematically investigated. Results demonstrated that the hydrogel with a mass ratio of 7:3 exhibited optimal mechanical properties(the tensile stress is 0.66 MPa and the strain is 700%.), swelling capacity(110%), and liquid retention(the water retention rate is 67% after working at 60 degrees celsius for 4 h.). The cleaning evaluation demonstrates that following treatment with the system, the surface morphology, color difference, and contact angle of the simulated mural samples with smoke deposits mural closely resemble those of the original sample. This indicates that the system can gently penetrate the contamination layer, effectively promote the emulsification and dispersion of pollutants, and preserve the structural integrity of the underlying mural substrate. This research presents a novel, controllable, and non–destructive cleaning strategy for the removal of complex hydrophobic contaminants from cultural relic surfaces, offering strong potential for practical application.
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高影响因子
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2026
·
IF 5.8
Fuyu Jiang,Peilin Liu,Yuhang Liu,Xi Chen,Jian Li,Yiyang Bi,Yuchun Wan,Wanqiang Liu
A hydrogen-bond-regulated PVA/CMC quasi-solid-state electrolyte with EG/H 2 O solvent was designed to realize antifreezing and dendrite-free aqueous Zn-ion batteries. • The synergistic polymer network and EG effectively reduced free-water activity, optimized Zn 2+ solvation, and enabled uniform Zn deposition. • COMSOL simulations and experimental analyses confirmed that the quasi-solid-state electrolyte homogenized the interfacial electric field and suppressed dendrite growth. • The Zn||Zn symmetric cell achieved a long cycling lifespan of 1100 h at room temperature and 1700 h at −30 °C. Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have attracted extensive attention owing to their intrinsic safety, low cost, and environmental benignity. However, the practical application of AZIBs is severely hindered by the freezing of aqueous electrolytes at low temperatures and by uncontrolled Zn 2+ deposition, which induces dendrite growth. Herein, a freeze-resistant quasi-solid-state gel electrolyte is proposed, in which poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) form a robust three-dimensional network via hydrogen bonding and chain entanglement. Ethylene glycol (EG) regulates the solvation environment by confining free water molecules, thereby depressing the freezing point and stabilizing the Zn 2+ solvation structure, enabling efficient ion transport at low temperatures. COMSOL Multiphysics (COMSOL) further confirms that the quasi-solid-state electrolyte effectively homogenizes the electric field distribution, suppresses dendrite growth, and mitigates interfacial corrosion. Benefiting from these synergistic effects, Zn||Zn symmetric batteries deliver a prolonged cycling lifespan of 1100 h at 1 mA cm –2 and 1 mAh cm –2 , which is 12 times longer than that of the ZnCl 2 electrolyte. Notably, an ultralong lifespan of 1700 h is achieved at -30 °C. Furthermore, the Zn||V 2 O 5 full cell exhibits outstanding cycling stability over 2000 cycles at 1 A g –1 . This work provides a promising strategy for designing antifreezing electrolytes and stabilizing Zn anodes for high-performance AZIBs under extreme conditions. Download: Download high-res image (278KB) Download: Download full-size image
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高影响因子
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
·
2026
·
IF 7.9
Shengkai Liu,Ruimeng Liu,Wenxuan Wang,Dandan Hu,Yu Han,Cong Li,Huiling Li,Chang Wan,Tai Peng,Wei Wang,Daxin Liang
A Hofmann-degraded HTO/CMC/PVA composite film solves powdered HTO’s solid-liquid separation issue via a dense cross-linked network. • Protonated primary amine groups boost lithium selectivity by nearly twofold through the Donnan exclusion effect. • Superior lithium adsorption in real samples, retaining 91.3% capacity after six adsorption-desorption cycles. Rapid global new energy development fuels explosive lithium demand, with efficient purification of salt lake brine and battery leachate a research hotspot. Liquid-phase lithium recovery is severely hindered by coexisting metal ions with ionic radii similar to lithium, leading to high system complexity. Although powdered H 2 TiO 3 (HTO) lithium ion sieves have inherent advantages of stable structure and excellent adsorption capacity, they face critical technical bottlenecks including low solid-liquid separation efficiency and easy co-adsorption by high-valence interfering ions. To solve these problems, this study modified polyacrylamide (PAM) through Hofmann degradation reaction to introduce primary amine groups, and further compounded modified PAM with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to prepare an HTO-loaded CMC/PVA/PAM composite adsorption film. The film forms a dense cross-linked network via intermolecular hydrogen bonds among the three polymers, fundamentally solving the solid-liquid separation issue of powdered HTO. In an alkaline adsorption environment (pH < 10.5), primary amine groups on modified PAM are protonated to form positive charge sites, which exert the Donnan exclusion effect through electrostatic repulsion to effectively inhibit co-adsorption of magnesium, cobalt, manganese and nickel ions, raising the lithium selective separation efficiency of HTO/CPP2 by nearly twofold compared with HTO/CP. The film showed outstanding specific adsorption performance in actual Da Qaidam Salt Lake water samples and waste battery residue leachate, with good cycling stability that retains 91.3% of the initial adsorption capacity after six cycles. This research thus provides a novel and feasible technical solution for the integrated green extraction of high-purity lithium from two typical complex lithium-containing systems. Download: Download high-res image (225KB) Download: Download full-size image
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高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 12.5
XinYi Tian,BoHao Wang,Chao Tong,YaJuan Li,YaJun Zhang,XuDong Yu
Sodium phytate boosts the hydrogel's tensile strength from 36 kPa to 10.3 MPa (>280-fold) with a toughness of 51.5 MJ/m³. • The PCP hydrogel enables strain (0–800%) and temperature (−20 °C to 50 °C) sensing with a fast response time of ∼205 ms. • The PCP hydrogel possesses excellent flame retardancy, achieving a high LOI value of 47% Supramolecular hydrogels assembled through weak non-covalent interactions face major challenges in achieving high strength and conductivity for sensor applications. Molecular-level engineering to enhance interchain interactions offers a promising solution. Herein, a strong and tough conductive hydrogel is fabricated by introducing phytic acid sodium salt (PAS) into a collagen/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix via freeze-thaw and salting-out methods. Mechanistic analyses indicate that the enhanced network arises from PAS-induced formation and densification of multiple physical interactions, including hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions. The optimized hydrogel exhibits a tensile strength of ≈10.3 MPa, a toughness of ≈51.5 MJ/m 3 , and stretchability >700%, ranking among the strongest collagen/PVA hydrogels reported to date. Moreover, the hydrogel exhibits stable ionic conductivity, enabling its application as a multifunctional strain sensor for human activity monitoring, Morse code transmission, and temperature detection. This work provides a versatile and biocompatible platform for flexible electronics and wearable devices. Download: Download high-res image (232KB) Download: Download full-size image
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高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
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2026
·
IF 5.4
Ruofeng Yang,Haoyu Tang,Yuxuan Liu,Hao Xu,Zongyi Li,Qilong Wu,Yuli Fan,Yan Wei,Ziwei Liang,Di Huang
The high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases has generated a pressing clinical need for small-diameter vascular grafts (<6 mm). However, their clinical translation remains constrained by several challenges, such as suboptimal mechanical properties, thrombotic risks, and limited long-term patency. Moreover, conventional experimental approaches often fail to fully capture the mechanical behavior of grafts under physiologically dynamic blood flow. In this study, artificial vascular grafts with an inner diameter of approximately 2.8 mm were fabricated using coaxial 3D printing technology. We report, for the first time, the integration of gelatin into a sodium alginate (SA)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite bioink to overcome the inherently poor cell adhesion of conventional SA/PVA scaffolds. The incorporation of gelatin not only significantly enhanced the grafts' hydrophilicity and mechanical properties (including tensile strength and elastic modulus) but also provided intrinsic RGD sequences that actively promote the adhesion and proliferation of endothelial cells. The mechanical performance of the grafts was further improved through cyclic freeze-thaw treatment. Fluid–structure interaction (FSI) finite element simulations were conducted to simulate the hemodynamic environment, analyzing stress–strain distribution and structural stability under flow conditions. Experimental results indicated that the addition of gelatin improved tensile strength and elastic modulus, rendered the material superhydrophilic, and enhanced cell adhesion. Simulations demonstrated that under physiological flow velocities, the maximum wall stress and overall deformation rate of the graft complied with clinical standards. In vitro assays confirmed the material’s excellent hemocompatibility and its capacity to promote endothelial cell proliferation. Download: Download high-res image (267KB) Download: Download full-size image Preparation of the bioink and crosslinking agent; b: Setup and process of coaxial 3D printing; c: Schematic of the cell adhesion mechanism (left and right panels represent gelatin-incorporated and gelatin-free vascular graft materials, respectively).
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 3.1
Qiaozhang She,Zhendong Hu,Qixi Zheng,Fanghui Lei,Yuxin Wu
The limited compatibility between lignin and hydrophilic polysaccharide–polymer matrices restricts the development of high-performance bio-based packaging films. Here, we propose a green strategy that incorporates solvent-fractionated alkaline lignin (F-AL) into konjac glucomannan (KGM)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films through citric acid (CA)-mediated ester crosslinking. Fractionation using acetone/water enriched phenolic hydroxyl groups and reduced molecular weight, thereby enhancing lignin reactivity toward CA and improving its dispersion in the PVA/KGM matrix. FTIR and SEM analyses confirmed the formation of a denser crosslinked network and markedly improved interfacial compatibility. As a result, the optimized PKFAL6 film exhibited high tensile strength (40.27 MPa), a 54.8% reduction in water vapor permeability, and a low swelling ratio (112.47%). The enriched phenolic structure of F-AL imparted strong antioxidant activity (up to 85.6% DPPH scavenging) and excellent UV-blocking ability (91.4% UVB; 58.9% UVA). Soil-burial tests revealed a two-stage degradation behavior, with slower early-stage mass loss due to antimicrobial effects and accelerated degradation after network cleavage. These results demonstrate that lignin fractionation is an effective strategy for creating sustainable films with enhanced soil degradation performance and improved functional properties for active packaging.
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高影响因子
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
·
2026
·
IF 8.8
Tian Du,Qing-Ping Zheng,Ye-Ting Wang,Meng Li,Yan-Zhen Zheng
Green NADES extracted propolis bioactives integrated into PVA/ZIF-L films. • Leaf-like ZIF-L nanocarriers enhanced UV shielding and film flexibility. • PVAD/ZIF0.5 exhibited 70.2% DPPH scavenging and strong antibacterial activity. • Composite films effectively inhibited oyster spoilage during 10 d refrigeration. • Synergistic DES–ZIF-L system enabled safe and sustainable active packaging. Active packaging materials with integrated antioxidant and antimicrobial functions offer an effective strategy for extending the shelf life of highly perishable aquatic foods. In this study, a multifunctional composite film was fabricated by incorporating natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES)-extracted propolis bioactives and two-dimensional ZIF-L nanocarriers into a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix. The synthesized ZIF-L exhibited a characteristic leaf-like morphology with an average particle size of 140 nm, facilitating its uniform dispersion within the polymer network. Structural analyses confirmed that ZIF-L and propolis extracts were successfully integrated into the PVA matrix through hydrogen bonding and physical interactions. The resulting PVAD/ZIF composite films displayed enhanced flexibility and improved UV-shielding properties while maintaining good transparency. The optimized PVAD/ZIF0.5 film exhibited the highest antioxidant activity with a DPPH radical scavenging rate of 70.2%, and showed strong antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli . Application tests demonstrated that oysters packaged with PVAD/ZIF0.5 maintained TVB-N values below 30 mg/100 g and a TVC of 5.80 log CFU/g after 10 days of refrigerated storage, whereas control samples exceeded spoilage limits. Furthermore, the PVAD/ZIF0.5 retained good mechanical integrity under high-humidity conditions, while Zn 2+ migration remained well below the regulatory limit for food-contact materials. In addition, cytocompatibility assays showed high cell viability (96.28%) after 24 h incubation. These findings demonstrate that the PVAD/ZIF composite film is a promising biodegradable active packaging material for aquatic food preservation. Download: Download high-res image (113KB) Download: Download full-size image
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高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2026
·
IF 5.4
Chao Wang,Hongyuan Du,Luming Jin,Chaoyang Chen,Liang Bu,Ya Cheng,Wendong Zhu
Multi-level physical crosslinks build a hierarchical energy dissipation system. • Synergy of PVA domains and dynamic weak bonds balances strength and toughness. • PSGGZ hydrogel reaches 2.13 MPa stress, 539.75% strain, and 574.22 kJ/m 3 toughness. • It exhibits high gauge factor (8.09) and fast responsiveness (38.3 ms) for sensing. Hydrogels represent an important class of intelligent soft materials with wide applications in tissue engineering, flexible sensors, and drug delivery systems. However, their practical deployment has long been severely constrained by the inherent trade-off among mechanical strength, toughness, and ionic conductivity. Herein, a hierarchical energy dissipation system is chosen to construct a hierarchical multi-level physical crosslinking network hydrogel that simultaneously breaks the above performance trade-off. The robust semi-crystalline domains of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) serve as a rigid backbone to endow the hydrogel with high mechanical strength, while reversible weak interactions including zirconium-oxygen coordination clusters, borate ester bonds, and hydrogen bonds act as sacrificial bonds to dissipate energy efficiently, thus achieving excellent toughness. The stress, strain, elastic modulus and toughness of the optimal hydrogel reach 2.13 MPa, 539.75%, 0.20 MPa, and 5.742 MJ/m 3 , respectively. Simultaneously, the hydrated polymer network enables rapid dissociation and migration of mobile ions, giving the hydrogel prominent strain-responsive conductivity required for sensing applications. The ionic conductivity reaches 2.74 S/m, and the gauge factor is calculated to be 3.79 and 8.09 in the strain ranges of 0–155% and 155%–528%, respectively. Benefiting from the fast dynamic reversibility of the physical network, the response and recovery times are as short as 38.3 ms and 21.9 ms, respectively, endowing the hydrogel with outstanding strain sensing and human motion monitoring capabilities. This work provides a universal design strategy to overcome the mechanical bottleneck of PVA-based hydrogels, paving the way for advanced wearable sensor applications. Download: Download high-res image (246KB) Download: Download full-size image
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高影响因子
Batteries & Supercaps
·
2026
·Vol. 9
·期 10
·e70495
·
IF 4.5
Yanzhi Cai,Yunge Jiang,Laifei Cheng,Fanfan Wei,Xiaohang Chen,Xinyu Qian,Hui Ding,Mingshu Bai
Flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors using liquid or hydrogel electrolytes face liquid leakage, volatilization, and freezing issues that disrupt ion conduction. This work pioneers a graphene oxide/polyvinyl alcohol (GO/PVA) xerogel electrolyte to overcome these challenges. The three-dimensional GO/PVA network features abundant hydrogen-bonded structures, enabling liquid-free proton conduction within this network. The device is fabricated via in situ growth of polyaniline on both sides of a GO/PVA hydrogel, followed by pressurized drying, which generates a well-integrated electrode–electrolyte interface. This monolithic structure facilitates proton transport via the Grotthuss mechanism. Under completely open conditions (no encapsulation), it retains 93.7% of initial capacitance after 768 h storage and 92.6% after 6 months. At 1 mA cm −2 (a fivefold increase from 0.2 mA cm −2 ), 98.5% capacitance is retained. Benefiting from its liquid-free nature, it achieves 715 mF cm −2 at 1 mA cm −2 and −30 °C after 6 months of storage under these open conditions, preserving 88.7% of its room-temperature capacitance. Pristine and boric acid-modified devices show tensile strengths of 2.8 MPa (221% strain) and 8.8 MPa (164% strain). Importantly, tensile behavior and flexibility remain unchanged even at −30 °C compared to room temperature, positioning this material as a promising candidate for flexible energy-storage devices operating in harsh environments. Graphical A flexible all-solid-state supercapacitor is developed using a GO/PVA xerogel electrolyte with a dense hydrogen-bonding network for liquid-free proton conduction via the Grotthuss mechanism. The in situ grown PANI electrodes and pressurized drying create a monolithic electrode–electrolyte interface. The device retains 92.6% capacitance after 6 months under open conditions and delivers 715 mF cm −2 at −30 °C, with unchanged flexibility.
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高影响因子
MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS
·
2025
·
IF 4.3
Jialei Wu,Ruqin Ma,Xin Ge,Miaomiao Lv,Xiaocui Huang,Hong Lin,Ning Qi,Yefeng Yang,Desuo Zhang
Moisture-enabled electric generators (MEGs) harvest environmental moisture for energy generation and environmental monitoring, showing promise in wearable electronics. Electrospinning nanofiber membranes, favored for their large surface area, micro-nano channel networks, material versatility, and facile fabrication, serve as ideal platforms for MEGs. Although sodium alginate (SA), a natural polymer rich in hydrophilic groups, is suitable for humidity-driven energy harvesting, challenges persist in its direct electrospinnability and in balancing sustained hygroscopic power output with structural stability under humid conditions. This work designed an antibacterial bilayer nanofiber membrane with a distinct hydrophilic hierarchical structure using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), SA, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), cross–linked with glutaraldehyde (GA) to enhance durability. The bilayer structure, with an upper layer of PVA/SA/AgNPs and a lower layer of PVA/AgNPs, both cross–linked with 2 wt.% GA, achieved a 0.415 V open-circuit voltage, retaining 93.2% performance after 25 cycles. It exhibited 99.83% and 99.57% inhibition against S. aureus and E. coli , respectively, ensuring biostability in humid environments. These MEGs enable multifunctional integration for real-time moisture detection, respiratory health monitoring, activity tracking, and energy harvesting in self-powered wearable systems.
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）