查找使用阿拉丁产品的科研文献

Electronically Conductive Metal−Organic Framework With Photoelectric and Photothermal Effect as a Stable Cathode for High-Temperature Photo-Assisted Zn/Sn-Air Battery

Jiangchang Chen,Chuntao Yang,Yao Dong,Ya Han,Yingjian Yu

Rechargeable Zn/Sn-air batteries have received considerable attention as promising energy storage devices. However, the electrochemical performance of these batteries is significantly constrained by the sluggish electrocatalytic reaction kinetics at the cathode. The integration of light energy into Zn/Sn-air batteries is a promising strategy for enhancing their performance. However, the photothermal and photoelectric effects generate heat in the battery under prolonged solar irradiation, leading to air cathode instability. This paper presents the first design and synthesis of Ni 2 -1,5-diamino-4,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone (Ni 2 DDA), an electronically conductive π-d conjugated metal–organic framework (MOF). Ni 2 DDA exhibits both photoelectric and photothermal effects, with an optical band gap of ~1.14 eV. Under illumination, Ni 2 DDA achieves excellent oxygen evolution reaction performance (with an overpotential of 245 mV vs. reversible hydrogen electrode at 10 mA cm −2 ) and photothermal stability. These properties result from the synergy between the photoelectric and photothermal effects of Ni 2 DDA. Upon integration into Zn/Sn-air batteries, Ni 2 DDA ensures excellent cycling stability under light and exhibits remarkable performance in high-temperature environments up to 80°C. This study experimentally confirms the stable operation of photo-assisted Zn/Sn-air batteries under high-temperature conditions for the first time and provides novel insights into the application of electronically conductive MOFs in photoelectrocatalysis and photothermal catalysis.

A novel spherical Mg/Sn co-doped alluaudite-type Na2+2xFe2−x(SO4)3 cathode material for durable low-temperature sodium-ion batteries

Weiyi Li,Min Zhang,Shen Cai,Yan Xin,Huajun Tian

Alluaudite-type Na2+2xFe2−x(SO4)3 has been a promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its high operating voltage and stable structure. However, its actual electrochemical performance suffers from intrinsic sluggish kinetics and poor electronic conductivity. In this work, for the first time, we propose a Na2.48(Fe0.89Mg0.03Sn0.04)1.76(SO4)3 cathode material prepared via a Mg/Sn co-doping strategy. Inactive Mg2+ stabilizes the structure, while Sn4+ inhibits the decomposition of electrolytes under high voltage. The Mg/Sn co-doping strategy enhances the kinetics of sodium ion diffusion reactions, leading to improved electrochemical properties, especially at low temperatures. The optimal NFMS/C-Sn0.03 cathode exhibits a long-term capacity retention of 91.6% after 1500 cycles at 5C and outstanding reversible capacities of 74.3 and 58.3 mAh g−1 at 10C and even at 50C, respectively. Furthermore, the NFMS/C-Sn0.03 cathode demonstrates a high capacity retention of 95.5% at −5 °C and 88.4% at −15 °C, with a remarkable capacity retention of 93.9% after 1000 cycles at room temperature and 85.5% after 700 cycles at −15 °C, respectively. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques confirmed that the presence of unpaired electrons and enhanced electronic conductivity could be attributed to the Mg/Sn co-doping. This work provides a feasible approach for designing low-cost, durable, low-temperature, and high-performance cathode materials for SIBs.

Synthesis, microstructures, and aqueous chemical durability of high-entropy pyrochlore ceramic Eu2B2O7 (BTi, Zr, Sn, Hf, Nb, and Ce) for nuclear waste immobilization

Zhuangzhuang Ma,Yunhao Wang,Tianhao Rui,Yulin Lan,Linyuan Lu,Yang Yu,Mingxuan Deng,Tianxing Lan,Zhekang Zhao,Zhen Teng,Haibin Zhang

High-entropy pyrochlore ceramics with the nominal composition Eu 2 B 2 O 7 , incorporating up to five equiatomic B-site cations, were synthesized via a solid-state reaction method and evaluated their aqueous chemical durability for nuclear waste immobilization. Comprehensive characterization using XRD, Raman, and SEM analyses confirmed the formation of a single-phase pyrochlore structure with uniform and random elemental distribution. However, secondary phases were observed in the Ce- and Nb-doped samples, which is attributed to the larger ionic radius of Ce and the higher valence state of Nb. The 42 days leaching tests revealed normalized element release rates ranging from 10 −5 to 10 −7 g/(m 2 ∙d), significantly lower than those of conventional pyrochlore materials. This enhanced durability is attributed to synergistic effects of electronegativity, ionic radius, and atomic number, which together hinder cation diffusion and strengthen chemical durability at the B site. These findings demonstrate the potential of Eu 2 B 2 O 7 high-entropy pyrochlore ceramics as long-term host materials for high-level radioactive waste. This study provides a valuable resource for enriching the thermophysical properties database of B-site high-entropy pyrochlore solidification, thereby supporting their engineering development.

Multi-coordination-assisted Li+ transport in an in situ-formed SN/polycarbonate electrolyte for high-voltage and high-safety solid-state lithium metal batteries

Chengliang Wang,Jianjiang He,Wei Zhao,Jingjiang Sun,Qingfu Wang

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) synthesized via in-situ polymerization exhibit excellent interfacial compatibility; however their inherently low ionic conductivity limits their application in solid-state lithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs). Herein, we report a type of SPE composed of succinonitrile (SN), LiTFSI, and cross-linked polymer matrix (SNCE). Within the electrolyte, Li + coordinates with ether, carbonyl, and nitrile groups; the strong SN-Li + interactions promote Li + detachment from the polymer matrix, forming continuous Li + conduction pathways. This design imparts both mechanical robustness and superior electrochemical performance to the SPEs. The cross-linked structure restricts the migration of SN, suppressing undesirable side reactions with the Li anode at the initial stage, compensating for the reduction in mechanical strength due to SN addition, and further improving electrochemical stability. The optimized SNCE-2 exhibits an ionic conductivity of 0.16 mS cm −1 at 30 °C, an electrochemical stability window (ESW) up to 5.2 V, and a Li + transference number ( t Li+ ) of 0.44. The in-situ polymerization ensures intimate electrode-electrolyte contact, and the formation of a stable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the Li anode by SNCE-2 enables Li|SNCE-2|Li symmetric cells to cycle stably for 1000 h at 0.2 mA cm −2 . The superior cycling performance of Li|SNCE-2|NCM622 and Li|SNCE-2|LFMP cells confirms the potential of SNCE-2 for high-voltage LMBs. Furthermore, the Li|SNCE-2|LFP cells demonstrates remarkable cycling durability, maintaining 86.1% of its capacity after 1000 cycles at 0.2C. Moreover, Li|SNCE-2|LFP pouch batteries also exhibit reliable safety performance. Therefore, this work provides a promising strategy for the development of SPEs for next-generation safety solid LMBs.

Significantly enhancing back contact adhesion and improving stability of Cu2(Zn,Cd)Sn(S,Se)4 solar cell by a rational carbon doping strategy

Lei Meng,Bin Yao,Yongfeng Li,Zhanhui Ding,Zhenyu Xiao,Kaisi Liu,Gang Wang

The back contact adhesion is the important factor of the microstructural performance which can determine the optoelectronic properties of the kesterite-based solar cells. Here, we present a rational and effective strategy to significantly enhance the back contact adhesion of Cu 2 (Zn,Cd)Sn(S,Se) 4 (CZCTSSe) absorber layers by insetting the appropriate thickness carbon-doping CZCTS thin films . We chose the oleylamine as the carbon-doping reagent which can generate a small amount of carbon in the annealing process . The suitable thickness carbon-doping CZCTS films can significantly change the crystal growth mechanism of CZCTSSe absorber layers, and eliminate the holes in the back contact. The efficiency of CZCTSSe solar cells fabricated by insetting the appropriate thickness carbon-doping CZCTS films is above 7%, and shows the excellent repeatability and long-term air stability compared with the control devices.

Comment on “Oxygen-Vacancy-Induced Midgap States Responsible for the Fluorescence and the Long-Lasting Phosphorescence of the Inverse Spinel Mg(Mg,Sn)O4”

Litian Lin

Effect of Bi addition on thermal, microstructural and mechanical properties of In–Sn–Bi solder alloys and their micro-joints on OSP & ENIG finishes

Wang Jiajun,Luo Xiaobin,Jia Yuanwei,Zhou Xuan,Wang Qin,Lu Hongbo,Peng Jubo,Ma Haitao

Indium–tin (In–Sn) eutectic solders are crucial for low-temperature applications, but their inadequate mechanical properties limit their reliability. This study systematically investigates the effect of minor bismuth (Bi) additions (0–7 wt%) on In-(50-x)Sn-xBi alloys and the corresponding micro-joints on Organic Solderability Preservative (OSP) and Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold (ENIG) finished Cu pads. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) reveals that Bi addition progressively lowers the melting point from 120.3 to 106.6 °C by altering the solidification pathway and more complex phase transformation behavior. The microstructure remains a duplex of hard γ -InSn 4 and soft β -In 3 Sn, accompanied by a small amount of BiIn phase. Tensile tests demonstrate that Bi acts as a potent solid solution strengthener, continuously increasing ultimate tensile strength (UTS), but induces a non-monotonic elongation response attributed to the changes in the size and distribution of the γ -InSn 4 phase resulting from the addition of Bi. At the joint level, surface finish dictates the interfacial structure: OSP promotes a thick, wavy Cu 6 (Sn, In) 5 intermetallic compound (IMC), whereas ENIG forms a thin, planar Ni 3 (Sn, In) 4 layer due to its Ni–P diffusion barrier. Crucially, the shear behavior is highly strain rate dependent (0.01–1000 mm/s). OSP joints exhibit consistent ductile fracture regardless of shear speed. In stark contrast, ENIG joints undergo a fracture mode transition: from brittle interfacial failure at low speeds to ductile solder-body fracture at high speeds. This transition is governed by the competition between the strain rate-sensitive strength of the solder matrix and the relatively rate-insensitive strength of the thin IMC layer. This work elucidates the dual role of Bi as a melting point depressant and strengthening agent and reveals the critical influence of surface finish and strain rate on joint reliability, offering a design framework for high-performance, low-temperature interconnects.

Tin-Based Metal–Organic Framework Derived Sn-SnO2/Sn2O3@C With a Heterogeneous Structure as an Advanced Anode for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries

Shikai Liu,Xiaoyuan Sang,Eswaramoorthi Thiruganasambandam,Huimin Jiang,Liyan Zhou,Ziping Jin,Jianjian Lin

Tin-based oxides are recognized as promising high-capacity anode materials for lithium-ion batteries owing to their high theoretical specific capacity and favorable operating voltage. Nevertheless, their widespread practical implementation has been hindered by substantial volume fluctuations during lithiation/delithiation processes, as well as inferior rate capability. In this work, we synthesized a tin-based metal–organic framework (Sn-MOF) precursor at room temperature and subsequently transformed it via annealing treatment into a heterostructure Sn-SnO 2 /Sn 2 O 3 @C composites. This self-sacrificing MOF-derived strategy yields a material featuring both a conductive carbon coating and an integrated SnO 2 /Sn 2 O 3 heterostructure, which collectively enhance electronic conductivity and mitigate volume expansion. Benefiting from the synergistic effect between the carbon matrix and the heterointerface, the anode material exhibits excellent electrochemical performance. Electrochemical tests demonstrate that the anode material presents a high reversible capacity (1242 mAh g −1 at 0.1C), and its first-cycle coulombic efficiency reached 80.4%, a remarkable rate capability (501 mAh g −1 at 5C), and a high lithium-ion diffusion coefficient. Furthermore, the electrode retains a capacity of 800 mAh g −1 after 800 cycles at 500 mA g −1 . This work establishes an effective heterointerface engineering approach and offers a viable design strategy for fabricating Sn-based anode materials that combine long-term cycling stability with high-rate capability. Graphical We synthesized a tin-based metal–organic framework (Sn-MOF) via a room-temperature strategy and further converted it into an Sn-SnO 2 /Sn 2 O 3 @C heterostructure through MOF pyrolysis. The synergistic effect between the MOF-derived carbon framework and the SnO 2 /Sn 2 O 3 heterostructure contributes to the superior electrochemical performance. The as-prepared material exhibits a high reversible capacity of 1242 mAh g −1 at 0.1C and excellent cycling stability.

Flexible dielectric nanocomposites with simultaneously large discharge energy density and high energy efficiency utilizing (Pb,La)(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3 antiferroelectric nanoparticles as fillers

Kailun Zou,Yu Dan,Yuxi Yu,Ying Zhang,Qingfeng Zhang,Yinmei Lu,Haitao Huang,Xin Zhang,Yunbin He

Dielectric nanocomposites composed of a polymer matrix with high electric breakdown strength and inorganic ferroelectric nanofillers with large maximum electric displacement (Dmax) have recently attracted much attention due to their high power density, superior flexibility, and good fatigue endurance. However, their discharge energy density and energy efficiency are limited because of the high remnant displacement (Dr) and small Dmax − Dr values of the ferroelectric fillers. Compared with ferroelectrics, antiferroelectrics exhibit much lower Dr (near zero) and far larger Dmax − Dr values, and thus if they are used as the fillers of the dielectric composite, a larger discharge energy density and higher energy efficiency may be obtained simultaneously. Based on this, in this work, Pb0.97La0.02(Zr0.50Sn0.45Ti0.05)O3 (PLZST) antiferroelectric nanoparticles (∼200 nm in diameter) coated with a dense and robust dopamine layer are prepared in order to develop dopamine-modified PLZST filler/poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF-HFP)) polymer nanocomposites with superior energy storage properties. The experimental results indicate that optimizing the filler content leads to a small Dr (0.61 μC cm−2), large Dmax − Dr value (6.14 μC cm−2), and high electric breakdown strength (3136 kV cm−1), as a result of which, the PLZST/P(VDF-HFP) nanocomposites filled with 5 wt% dopamine-modified PLZST nanoparticles simultaneously exhibit a large discharge energy density of 9.39 J cm−3 and high energy efficiency of 82%. These energy storage properties are superior to those of most ferroelectric filler (including nanowires and nanofibers prepared by complicated methods)/polymer nanocomposites with a single-layer structure. Our work not only proves that, antiferroelectric nanoparticles are excellent fillers that can be comparable to, or even better than, ferroelectric nanowires and nanofibers prepared by very complicated methods, for energy-storage inorganic/polymer dielectric composites, but also provides a convenient and effective way to prepare and design flexible dielectric capacitors with superior energy storage capacity.

The effect of different Cu/Sn ratios on the properties of monoclinic Cu2SnS3 thin films and solar cells fabricated by the sol–gel method

Wu Jie,Gao Chunhui,Han Lu,Shen Shanshan,Jia Ming,Wang Li,Jiang Liangxing,Liu Fangyang

Ternary Cu 2 SnS 3 (CTS) is a promising material for thin-film solar cells because it consists of nontoxic and earth-abundant elements. The present paper reports the preparation of monoclinic CTS thin films by a sol–gel solution-based method. The effects of the Cu/Sn atomic ratio on the structure and morphology were investigated. As the atomic ratio of Cu/Sn varied from 1.6 to 2.0, the compactness of the CTS films improved; furthermore, secondary phases, such as SnS, gradually disappeared; and the grain size of the films decreased. The CTS film with a Cu/Sn ratio of 1.9 showed a monoclinic structure with homogeneous morphology and a band gap of 1.12 eV, yielding a power conversion efficiency of 0.58%. These results could pave the way for the development of CTS thin-film solar cells.

The Effect of Annealing on Electrochemical Performances of an Al–Sn–Ga–Mg Alloy as an Anode for Al–air Batteries in Alkaline Electrolytes

Zhaohui Han,Yang Xu,Shenggang Zhou,Lei Xu,Peixian Zhu

In this study, an Al-0.08Sn-0.08Ga-0.5Mg alloy was annealed at 200 °C–400 °C for 10 h. The microstructure and corrosion morphology of the Al anode were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the effects of different annealing temperatures on the electrochemical properties of the Al anodes were studied by the hydrogen evolution rate, open circuit potential, Tafel curves, EIS and constant current discharge. The results show that the annealing treatment had a certain effect on the number and size of precipitates on the alloy surface, which improved the electrochemical activity and corrosion resistance of the Al alloy. Additionally, the Al–Sn–Ga–Mg alloy anode material has an excellent discharge performance in the actual use process when the annealing temperature is 350 °C, the related performance parameters were greatly improved compared with other annealing temperature conditions. The capacity density is 2670.99 mAh·g−1, and the energy density is 3379.15 mWh·g−1.

Structural investigation of the efficient capture of Cs+ and Sr2+ by a microporous Cd–Sn–Se ion exchanger constructed from mono-lacunary supertetrahedral clusters

Jia-Ying Zhu,Lin Cheng,Yi-Ming Zhao,Meng-Yu Li,Zi-Zhao Wang,Juan Wang,Cheng Wang,Kai-Yao Wang

Visualization of the ion exchange mechanism for 137Cs and 90Sr decontamination is important for safe radioactive liquid waste reprocessing and emergency response improvement in the event of a nuclear accident. Here, the remediation of Cs+ and Sr2+ was achieved through ion exchange using a cadmium selenidostannate, [CH3NH3]3[NH4]3Cd4Sn3Se13·3H2O (CdSnSe-1), with rapid exchange kinetics, high β/γ radiation resistances, broad pH durability and facile elution. The framework constructed from mono-lacunary supertetrahedral clusters features a great negative charge density of 3.27 × 10−3 that accounts for the superhigh exchange capacities of 371.4 (Cs+) and 128.4 mg g−1 (Sr2+). Single-crystal structural analysis on the exchanger during the “pristine–ion exchange–elution” cycle supplies instructive information to elucidate the uptake and recycle mechanism for Cs+ and Sr2+. The broken symmetry of the cluster caused by a vacant site, combined with the co-templating effects of mixed methylammonium/ammonium, contributes to the formation of voids I and II that show adsorption activity for both Cs+ and K+ ions. In comparison, the divalent Sr2+ ions with higher hydration degree exchange with (alkyl)ammonium cations in a 1 : 2 molar ratio, resulting in its location at a new void (III) closer to the framework and thus a higher binding strength. The energy variation during the adsorption process based on a DFT calculation illustrates the high efficiency of CdSnSe-1 for capture of both Cs+ and Sr2+. This “visualized” ion exchange underlines the robustness and flexibility of CdSnSe-1 as a Cs+ and Sr2+ trapper, and reveals the deeper structure–function relationship from a new surface interaction viewpoint.