查找使用阿拉丁产品的科研文献

Fabrication of an ultrathin PEG-modified PEDOT:PSS HTL for high-efficiency Sn–Pb perovskite solar cells by an eco-friendly solvent etching technique

Pengju Guo,Jun Dong,Cunyun Xu,Yanqing Yao,Jiayu You,Hongyu Bian,Wenqi Zeng,Guangdong Zhou,Xiaofeng He,Meng Wang,Xianju Zhou,Min Wang,Qunliang Song

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is widely used as a hole transport layer (HTL) in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) because of its excellent hole transport capability and simple preparation process. According to theoretical studies, a thinner PEDOT:PSS HTL allows more incident light to enter the perovskite layer. However, the PEDOT:PSS HTL prepared by the traditional deposition process has some limitations, such as the thick HTL, abundant defects at the PEDOT:PSS/perovskite interface, etc. Is there a preparation process that can achieve the thinning and modification of the PEDOT:PSS HTL in one-step process at the same time? In this work, inspired by the semiconductor etching process, an eco-friendly solvent etching technique is applied during the spin-coating process to fabricate an ultrathin PEDOT:PSS HTL and simultaneously introduce a green passivator (polyethylene glycol, PEG) as the bridge molecule on the HTL upper surface. In this process, the green PEG aqueous etchant can etch the excess bulk PEDOT:PSS away to form an ultrathin PEDOT:PSS HTL with PEG molecules and rich PEDOT domains remained on its surface (PEG-PEDOT:PSS HTL). This well-designed HTL is successfully thinned to enhance its light transmission and can be better matched with the Sn–Pb perovskite layer. As a result, the power conversion efficiency of Sn–Pb PSCs using the PEG-PEDOT:PSS HTL is improved from 20.52% of the reference to 21.58%, and the stability of Sn–Pb PSCs is dramatically enhanced as well.

Construction of a self-supporting bifunctional Sn–SnSx electrocatalyst via one-step electrodeposition for formate production from coupled CO2 reduction and glucose oxidation

Chongyan Chen,Shuguang Shen,Jie Wang,Yongmei Liu,Xingting Guo,Lili Zhang,Jing Li

The electroconversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into value-added chemicals has attracted widespread attention worldwide. Exploring efficient catalysts and designing reasonable reactants have become popular research directions in the strategy of coupling anode and cathode reactions. Herein, we report the construction of a self-supporting bifunctional Sn–SnSx electrode using a one-step electrodeposition method. The valence states of Sn at the Sn–SnSx surface are Sn4+, Sn2+ and Sn0, and the electrode exhibits excellent performances for the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) and glucose oxidation reaction (GOR), respectively. For the CO2RR, the Sn–SnSx electrode produced formate with a faradaic efficiency (FE) of 93.3% and a stability of 36 h. Meanwhile, tin sulfides were first applied in anodic oxidation and a high FE of 88% was achieved for formate production in the GOR. Impressively, Sn–SnSx as a bifunctional electrode achieved co-production of formate at both the anode and cathode in the integrated electrolyzer coupled with the CO2RR and GOR. This coupling process combines the technical means of “electrooxidation–electroreduction” with the choice of reactants “CO2–C6H12O6”, resulting in FE values of 93.9% and 87.4% at the cathode and anode for the production of formate, as well as a 58.3% electrical energy saving for formate production in comparison with the traditional CO2RR coupled with the water oxidation reaction.

Microstructure, electrical properties, bioactivity, biocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation ability of bio-piezocomposite fabricated by hydroxyapatite and (Ba,Ca)(Ti,Sn)O3-based ceramics

Geng Tang,Hong Yang,Bingqing Zhao,Dunying Wang,Fangfang Zeng,Qibin Liu

The rapid repair of bone defects remains a challenging clinical goal, with bio-piezoelectric composites emerging as promising materials due to their ability to replicate bone’s natural composition and electrical functionality. This study developed hydroxyapatite (HA)-based composites incorporating (Ba,Ca)(Ti,Sn)O3-based piezoceramics, achieving piezoelectric coefficients of 28.7 ± 2.48 pC/N, 11.1 ± 0.57 pC/N, and 5.7 ± 0.98 pC/N at HA mass fractions of 10%, 20%, and 30%, respectively, with a porosity around 20%. The composites were synthesized with a solid-state sintering method. The phase structure, surface morphology, and ferroelectric domain configuration of the composites were characterized. Electrical properties, compressive strengthen, hydrophilicity, in vitro bioactivity, biocompatibility and osteogenic ability were assessed. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that all composites consisted of perovskite structure and HA phases. Microscopic observations revealed the (Ba,Ca)(Ti,Sn)O 3 -based piezoceramics particles embedded within the HA matrix. Evenly dispersed, irregular pores were formed, and pore size decreased as the HA content increased. The composite with 20 wt.% HA exhibited dense, small wedge-shaped domains and ferroelectric orthogonal (O) phase. Importantly, these composites demonstrated favorable compressive strength, surface wettability and biocompatibility, along with enhanced bioactivity and osteogenic differentiation ability in vitro , underscoring their potential in bone tissue engineering applications.

Electronically Conductive Metal−Organic Framework With Photoelectric and Photothermal Effect as a Stable Cathode for High-Temperature Photo-Assisted Zn/Sn-Air Battery

Jiangchang Chen,Chuntao Yang,Yao Dong,Ya Han,Yingjian Yu

Rechargeable Zn/Sn-air batteries have received considerable attention as promising energy storage devices. However, the electrochemical performance of these batteries is significantly constrained by the sluggish electrocatalytic reaction kinetics at the cathode. The integration of light energy into Zn/Sn-air batteries is a promising strategy for enhancing their performance. However, the photothermal and photoelectric effects generate heat in the battery under prolonged solar irradiation, leading to air cathode instability. This paper presents the first design and synthesis of Ni 2 -1,5-diamino-4,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone (Ni 2 DDA), an electronically conductive π-d conjugated metal–organic framework (MOF). Ni 2 DDA exhibits both photoelectric and photothermal effects, with an optical band gap of ~1.14 eV. Under illumination, Ni 2 DDA achieves excellent oxygen evolution reaction performance (with an overpotential of 245 mV vs. reversible hydrogen electrode at 10 mA cm −2 ) and photothermal stability. These properties result from the synergy between the photoelectric and photothermal effects of Ni 2 DDA. Upon integration into Zn/Sn-air batteries, Ni 2 DDA ensures excellent cycling stability under light and exhibits remarkable performance in high-temperature environments up to 80°C. This study experimentally confirms the stable operation of photo-assisted Zn/Sn-air batteries under high-temperature conditions for the first time and provides novel insights into the application of electronically conductive MOFs in photoelectrocatalysis and photothermal catalysis.

Multi-coordination-assisted Li+ transport in an in situ-formed SN/polycarbonate electrolyte for high-voltage and high-safety solid-state lithium metal batteries

Chengliang Wang,Jianjiang He,Wei Zhao,Jingjiang Sun,Qingfu Wang

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) synthesized via in-situ polymerization exhibit excellent interfacial compatibility; however their inherently low ionic conductivity limits their application in solid-state lithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs). Herein, we report a type of SPE composed of succinonitrile (SN), LiTFSI, and cross-linked polymer matrix (SNCE). Within the electrolyte, Li + coordinates with ether, carbonyl, and nitrile groups; the strong SN-Li + interactions promote Li + detachment from the polymer matrix, forming continuous Li + conduction pathways. This design imparts both mechanical robustness and superior electrochemical performance to the SPEs. The cross-linked structure restricts the migration of SN, suppressing undesirable side reactions with the Li anode at the initial stage, compensating for the reduction in mechanical strength due to SN addition, and further improving electrochemical stability. The optimized SNCE-2 exhibits an ionic conductivity of 0.16 mS cm −1 at 30 °C, an electrochemical stability window (ESW) up to 5.2 V, and a Li + transference number ( t Li+ ) of 0.44. The in-situ polymerization ensures intimate electrode-electrolyte contact, and the formation of a stable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the Li anode by SNCE-2 enables Li|SNCE-2|Li symmetric cells to cycle stably for 1000 h at 0.2 mA cm −2 . The superior cycling performance of Li|SNCE-2|NCM622 and Li|SNCE-2|LFMP cells confirms the potential of SNCE-2 for high-voltage LMBs. Furthermore, the Li|SNCE-2|LFP cells demonstrates remarkable cycling durability, maintaining 86.1% of its capacity after 1000 cycles at 0.2C. Moreover, Li|SNCE-2|LFP pouch batteries also exhibit reliable safety performance. Therefore, this work provides a promising strategy for the development of SPEs for next-generation safety solid LMBs.

Significantly enhancing back contact adhesion and improving stability of Cu2(Zn,Cd)Sn(S,Se)4 solar cell by a rational carbon doping strategy

Lei Meng,Bin Yao,Yongfeng Li,Zhanhui Ding,Zhenyu Xiao,Kaisi Liu,Gang Wang

The back contact adhesion is the important factor of the microstructural performance which can determine the optoelectronic properties of the kesterite-based solar cells. Here, we present a rational and effective strategy to significantly enhance the back contact adhesion of Cu 2 (Zn,Cd)Sn(S,Se) 4 (CZCTSSe) absorber layers by insetting the appropriate thickness carbon-doping CZCTS thin films . We chose the oleylamine as the carbon-doping reagent which can generate a small amount of carbon in the annealing process . The suitable thickness carbon-doping CZCTS films can significantly change the crystal growth mechanism of CZCTSSe absorber layers, and eliminate the holes in the back contact. The efficiency of CZCTSSe solar cells fabricated by insetting the appropriate thickness carbon-doping CZCTS films is above 7%, and shows the excellent repeatability and long-term air stability compared with the control devices.

Comment on “Oxygen-Vacancy-Induced Midgap States Responsible for the Fluorescence and the Long-Lasting Phosphorescence of the Inverse Spinel Mg(Mg,Sn)O4”

Litian Lin

Effect of Bi addition on thermal, microstructural and mechanical properties of In–Sn–Bi solder alloys and their micro-joints on OSP & ENIG finishes

Wang Jiajun,Luo Xiaobin,Jia Yuanwei,Zhou Xuan,Wang Qin,Lu Hongbo,Peng Jubo,Ma Haitao

Indium–tin (In–Sn) eutectic solders are crucial for low-temperature applications, but their inadequate mechanical properties limit their reliability. This study systematically investigates the effect of minor bismuth (Bi) additions (0–7 wt%) on In-(50-x)Sn-xBi alloys and the corresponding micro-joints on Organic Solderability Preservative (OSP) and Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold (ENIG) finished Cu pads. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) reveals that Bi addition progressively lowers the melting point from 120.3 to 106.6 °C by altering the solidification pathway and more complex phase transformation behavior. The microstructure remains a duplex of hard γ -InSn 4 and soft β -In 3 Sn, accompanied by a small amount of BiIn phase. Tensile tests demonstrate that Bi acts as a potent solid solution strengthener, continuously increasing ultimate tensile strength (UTS), but induces a non-monotonic elongation response attributed to the changes in the size and distribution of the γ -InSn 4 phase resulting from the addition of Bi. At the joint level, surface finish dictates the interfacial structure: OSP promotes a thick, wavy Cu 6 (Sn, In) 5 intermetallic compound (IMC), whereas ENIG forms a thin, planar Ni 3 (Sn, In) 4 layer due to its Ni–P diffusion barrier. Crucially, the shear behavior is highly strain rate dependent (0.01–1000 mm/s). OSP joints exhibit consistent ductile fracture regardless of shear speed. In stark contrast, ENIG joints undergo a fracture mode transition: from brittle interfacial failure at low speeds to ductile solder-body fracture at high speeds. This transition is governed by the competition between the strain rate-sensitive strength of the solder matrix and the relatively rate-insensitive strength of the thin IMC layer. This work elucidates the dual role of Bi as a melting point depressant and strengthening agent and reveals the critical influence of surface finish and strain rate on joint reliability, offering a design framework for high-performance, low-temperature interconnects.

Tin-Based Metal–Organic Framework Derived Sn-SnO2/Sn2O3@C With a Heterogeneous Structure as an Advanced Anode for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries

Shikai Liu,Xiaoyuan Sang,Eswaramoorthi Thiruganasambandam,Huimin Jiang,Liyan Zhou,Ziping Jin,Jianjian Lin

Tin-based oxides are recognized as promising high-capacity anode materials for lithium-ion batteries owing to their high theoretical specific capacity and favorable operating voltage. Nevertheless, their widespread practical implementation has been hindered by substantial volume fluctuations during lithiation/delithiation processes, as well as inferior rate capability. In this work, we synthesized a tin-based metal–organic framework (Sn-MOF) precursor at room temperature and subsequently transformed it via annealing treatment into a heterostructure Sn-SnO 2 /Sn 2 O 3 @C composites. This self-sacrificing MOF-derived strategy yields a material featuring both a conductive carbon coating and an integrated SnO 2 /Sn 2 O 3 heterostructure, which collectively enhance electronic conductivity and mitigate volume expansion. Benefiting from the synergistic effect between the carbon matrix and the heterointerface, the anode material exhibits excellent electrochemical performance. Electrochemical tests demonstrate that the anode material presents a high reversible capacity (1242 mAh g −1 at 0.1C), and its first-cycle coulombic efficiency reached 80.4%, a remarkable rate capability (501 mAh g −1 at 5C), and a high lithium-ion diffusion coefficient. Furthermore, the electrode retains a capacity of 800 mAh g −1 after 800 cycles at 500 mA g −1 . This work establishes an effective heterointerface engineering approach and offers a viable design strategy for fabricating Sn-based anode materials that combine long-term cycling stability with high-rate capability. Graphical We synthesized a tin-based metal–organic framework (Sn-MOF) via a room-temperature strategy and further converted it into an Sn-SnO 2 /Sn 2 O 3 @C heterostructure through MOF pyrolysis. The synergistic effect between the MOF-derived carbon framework and the SnO 2 /Sn 2 O 3 heterostructure contributes to the superior electrochemical performance. The as-prepared material exhibits a high reversible capacity of 1242 mAh g −1 at 0.1C and excellent cycling stability.

Flexible dielectric nanocomposites with simultaneously large discharge energy density and high energy efficiency utilizing (Pb,La)(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3 antiferroelectric nanoparticles as fillers

Kailun Zou,Yu Dan,Yuxi Yu,Ying Zhang,Qingfeng Zhang,Yinmei Lu,Haitao Huang,Xin Zhang,Yunbin He

Dielectric nanocomposites composed of a polymer matrix with high electric breakdown strength and inorganic ferroelectric nanofillers with large maximum electric displacement (Dmax) have recently attracted much attention due to their high power density, superior flexibility, and good fatigue endurance. However, their discharge energy density and energy efficiency are limited because of the high remnant displacement (Dr) and small Dmax − Dr values of the ferroelectric fillers. Compared with ferroelectrics, antiferroelectrics exhibit much lower Dr (near zero) and far larger Dmax − Dr values, and thus if they are used as the fillers of the dielectric composite, a larger discharge energy density and higher energy efficiency may be obtained simultaneously. Based on this, in this work, Pb0.97La0.02(Zr0.50Sn0.45Ti0.05)O3 (PLZST) antiferroelectric nanoparticles (∼200 nm in diameter) coated with a dense and robust dopamine layer are prepared in order to develop dopamine-modified PLZST filler/poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF-HFP)) polymer nanocomposites with superior energy storage properties. The experimental results indicate that optimizing the filler content leads to a small Dr (0.61 μC cm−2), large Dmax − Dr value (6.14 μC cm−2), and high electric breakdown strength (3136 kV cm−1), as a result of which, the PLZST/P(VDF-HFP) nanocomposites filled with 5 wt% dopamine-modified PLZST nanoparticles simultaneously exhibit a large discharge energy density of 9.39 J cm−3 and high energy efficiency of 82%. These energy storage properties are superior to those of most ferroelectric filler (including nanowires and nanofibers prepared by complicated methods)/polymer nanocomposites with a single-layer structure. Our work not only proves that, antiferroelectric nanoparticles are excellent fillers that can be comparable to, or even better than, ferroelectric nanowires and nanofibers prepared by very complicated methods, for energy-storage inorganic/polymer dielectric composites, but also provides a convenient and effective way to prepare and design flexible dielectric capacitors with superior energy storage capacity.

The effect of different Cu/Sn ratios on the properties of monoclinic Cu2SnS3 thin films and solar cells fabricated by the sol–gel method

Wu Jie,Gao Chunhui,Han Lu,Shen Shanshan,Jia Ming,Wang Li,Jiang Liangxing,Liu Fangyang

Ternary Cu 2 SnS 3 (CTS) is a promising material for thin-film solar cells because it consists of nontoxic and earth-abundant elements. The present paper reports the preparation of monoclinic CTS thin films by a sol–gel solution-based method. The effects of the Cu/Sn atomic ratio on the structure and morphology were investigated. As the atomic ratio of Cu/Sn varied from 1.6 to 2.0, the compactness of the CTS films improved; furthermore, secondary phases, such as SnS, gradually disappeared; and the grain size of the films decreased. The CTS film with a Cu/Sn ratio of 1.9 showed a monoclinic structure with homogeneous morphology and a band gap of 1.12 eV, yielding a power conversion efficiency of 0.58%. These results could pave the way for the development of CTS thin-film solar cells.

The Effect of Annealing on Electrochemical Performances of an Al–Sn–Ga–Mg Alloy as an Anode for Al–air Batteries in Alkaline Electrolytes

Zhaohui Han,Yang Xu,Shenggang Zhou,Lei Xu,Peixian Zhu

In this study, an Al-0.08Sn-0.08Ga-0.5Mg alloy was annealed at 200 °C–400 °C for 10 h. The microstructure and corrosion morphology of the Al anode were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the effects of different annealing temperatures on the electrochemical properties of the Al anodes were studied by the hydrogen evolution rate, open circuit potential, Tafel curves, EIS and constant current discharge. The results show that the annealing treatment had a certain effect on the number and size of precipitates on the alloy surface, which improved the electrochemical activity and corrosion resistance of the Al alloy. Additionally, the Al–Sn–Ga–Mg alloy anode material has an excellent discharge performance in the actual use process when the annealing temperature is 350 °C, the related performance parameters were greatly improved compared with other annealing temperature conditions. The capacity density is 2670.99 mAh·g−1, and the energy density is 3379.15 mWh·g−1.