FUEL
·
2024
·
IF 6.7
Jian Li,Wen Fu,Xiaowei Bai,Xiangrui Lin,Heping Yang,Mengfei Wang,Guangxuan Liu,Zhenghua Dai
Oxidative pyrolysis of biomass, which introduces controlled oxygen into the reaction, enables autothermal processes and addresses heat transfer challenges in large reactors. Oxygen promotes exothermic reactions and changes product composition. Given the unique chemistry of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, their pyrolytic behaviors vary with oxygen levels. This study examines these variations. The results indicate that when 10 vol% of oxygen is introduced, for cellulose, the main impact is on the third (310–410 °C) and fourth (410–700 °C) stages of pyrolysis, where O 2 reacts with the produced sugars (reducing by 6.6 %) and biochar to generate CO, a small amount of CO 2 , and water; for hemicellulose, the main impact is on the fourth stage (340–850 °C), where O 2 reacts with the produced biochar to generate CO, a small amount of CO 2 , and water; for lignin, the main impact is on the second (190–410 °C) and third (410–850 °C) stages, where O 2 reacts with the produced phenolic monomers (reducing by 2.2 %) and biochar to generate CO 2 , a small amount of CO, and water. Cellulose and hemicellulose generate more CO in oxidative pyrolysis, whereas lignin produces more CO 2 , due to varying oxygen content. Furthermore, after the introduction of 10 vol% of oxygen, the pyrolysis process of both lignin and cellulose is advanced, with lignin reaching an exothermic peak value of 18.6 mW/mg, which is 5.3 mW/mg higher than that of cellulose and 11.2 mW/mg higher than that of hemicellulose, indicating that lignin releases the most heat, while hemicellulose releases the least.
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Polymers
·
2024
·Vol. 16
·期 7
·927
·
IF 4.7
Mingshan Wen,Hang Wang,Bole Ma,Fuquan Xiong
In this study, the photothermal performance of lignin-based nanospheres was investigated. Subsequently, a photothermal actuator was prepared using lignin-based carbon nanospheres (LCNSs). The results demonstrated that LCNSs exhibited an impressive photothermal conversion efficiency of up to 83.8%. This extreme efficiency significantly surpasses that of lignin nanospheres (LNSs) and covalently stabilized LNSs (HT-LNSs). As a structural material, a hydrophobic coating was effectively engineered by LCNSs on the filter paper, achieving a water contact angle of 151.9° ± 4.6°, while maintaining excellent photothermal effects (with a temperature increment from room temperature to 138 °C in 2 s). When employing hydrophobic filter paper as the substrate for the photothermaldriven actuator, under the influence of a 1.0 W/cm2power–density NIR laser, the material exhibited outstanding photothermal actuation, achieving speeds up to 16.4 mm/s. In addition, the direction of motion of the actuator can be adjusted in accordance with the location of the NIR light irradiation. This study offers valuable perspectives on the application of LNSs for highvalue applications and the development of innovative photothermal-driven actuators.
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RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES
·
2025
·Vol. 51
·期 4
·2071-2088
·
IF 3.5
Wu Yilin,Li Yiping,Zhang Kai,Hu Jinhai,Yan Hong
Photocatalytic CO 2 reduction technology can use sunlight to convert CO 2 into fuel or chemical raw materials, slowdown the greenhouse effect and achieve sustainable development. Therefore, we have developed a series of high-quality carbon quantum dots using alkaline lignin (AL) as the core raw material and using high efficiency hydrothermal method. Ag-BiVO 4 composite was prepared by hydrothermal method. Then, the Ag-BiVO 4 -CQDs photocatalytic composite was prepared by constant temperature water bath method. The structure and morphology of the composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Through optical and electrochemical tests, it can be seen that the composite has better interfacial charge transfer and electron transport ability. In the visible light catalytic CO 2 reduction reaction, Ag-BiVO 4 can selectively reduce CO 2 to CH 4 , and the CH 4 yield is greatly improved after Ag-BiVO 4 combines with CQDs. The 3 h CH 4 yield increased from 17.64 μmol/g to 97.82 μmol/g after reduction by adding 40 mL CQDs to Ag-BiVO 4 composite, which is 5.54 times that of Ag-BiVO 4 . The results showed that the introduced CQDs were uniformly attached to Ag-BiVO 4 . As an electron transport medium, CQDs can efficiently facilitate the transfer of photogenerated carriers, suppress the recombination of electron–hole pairs, and enhance the photocatalytic performance of Ag-BiVO 4 -CQDs for CO 2 reduction.
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ChemistrySelect
·
2024
·Vol. 9
·期 20
·e202401258
·
IF 1.9
Conglin Zhang,Haichao Li,Bingxuan Du
Graphical In this paper, the activated carbon material AC600 is prepared from lignin as raw material and RbCl as activator at 600 °C, and a series of characterization analysis and thermodynamic experiments are carried out. This study proves that RbCl can be used as an activator for the activation of lignin. In order to prepare carbon adsorbent materials, lignin was used as raw material and rubidium chloride as activator, activated carbon materials were prepared by chemical activation method, and its structure was characterized and its adsorption performance on methylene blue solution was investigated; the adsorption of crystalline violet dye was carried out at different temperatures, and the adsorption thermodynamics was studied. The results showed that: the specific surface area of the activated carbon was 433.32 m 2 /g, the pore volume was 0.2191 cm 3 /g, and the average pore size was 2.0222 nm; the adsorption value of methylene blue could reach 172.0 mg/g, and it could quickly and efficiently adsorb methylene blue solution; the adsorption effect on crystal violet solution was good, and the saturated adsorption amount at 40 °C was up to 279 mg/g, and the removal rate reached 93 %, belonging to the spontaneous adsorption thermodynamic reaction. The experiment proved that rubidium chloride can be used as an activator to activate lignin raw materials to prepare activated carbon samples, and can effectively adsorb dyes.
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Nanomaterials
·
2024
·Vol. 14
·期 11
·957
·
IF 4.4
Dan Li,Liheng Chen
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria necessitates the development of novel, sustainable, and biocompatible antibacterial agents. This study addresses cytotoxicity and environmental concerns associated with traditional silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by exploring lignin, a readily available and renewable biopolymer, as a platform for AgNPs. We present a novel one-pot synthesis method for lignin-based AgNPs (AgNPs@AL) nanocomposites, achieving rapid synthesis within 5 min. This method utilizes various organic solvents, demonstrating remarkable adaptability to a wide range of lignin-dissolving systems. Characterization reveals uniform AgNP size distribution and morphology influenced by the chosen solvent. This adaptability suggests the potential for incorporating lignin-loaded antibacterial drugs alongside AgNPs, enabling combined therapy in a single nanocomposite. Antibacterial assays demonstrate exceptional efficacy against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, with gamma-valerolactone (GVL)-assisted synthesized AgNPs exhibiting the most potent effect. Mechanistic studies suggest a combination of factors contributes to the antibacterial activity, including direct membrane damage caused by AgNPs and sustained silver ion release, ultimately leading to bacterial cell death. This work presents a straightforward, adaptable, and rapid approach for synthesizing biocompatible AgNPs@AL nanocomposites with outstanding antibacterial activity. These findings offer a promising and sustainable alternative to traditional antibiotics, contributing to the fight against antibiotic resistance while minimizing environmental impact.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2024
·
IF 7.7
Xujie Yang,Xinru Wang,Xing Wang,Xinke Li,Hanwen Xin,Jinghui Zhou,Dayin Sun
Lignin, a natural polyphenol polymer, is a biocompatible, cost-effective and accessible material. To fully utilize the benefits of lignin, it is crucial to transform its complex macromolecules into nanoscale particles in a single solvent. In this research, an assembly-mediated internal cross-linking method in single solvent was proposed to manufacture cross-linked lignin colloidal particles with nanoscale particle size controlled to be around 50 nm. Then, cross-linked lignin composite particles with a unique “patchy” structure for dental cleansing were obtained by rapidly grafting the cross-linked lignin colloidal particles onto the surface of silica microspheres through the bridging effect of silane coupling agent. The resulting composite particles have rivets with adjustable hardness, significantly lower than traditional abrasives like silica in both hardness and modulus. Through the group cleansing behavior of soft interlocking, a breakthrough has been achieved in the high solid content agglomeration friction mode of traditional abrasives, which effectively reduces tooth wear and exhibits an excellent plaque removal effect.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2024
·
IF 7.7
Wenzhi Jiang,Yingchun Zhang,Dongjie Yang,Xueqing Qiu,Zhixian Li
Lignin-based silver nanoparticles have been considered a promising antimicrobial material. However, it remains challenging to prepare ultra-small size silver nanoparticles sustainably with superior antibacterial performance. In this work, we modified ethanol-extracted lignin (EL) with carboxymethyl groups and further synthesized ultra-small particle size (3.8 ± 0.1 nm) nanosilver incorporated carboxymethyl lignin complexes (AgNPs@CEL) using ultrasonic technology. Due to the outstanding antibacterial properties of the ultra-small size nanosilver, AgNPs@CEL could cause 5.3 and 5.4 log 10 CFU/mL reduction against E. coli and S. aureus in 5 min. Meanwhile, AgNPs@CEL exhibited remarkable photothermal antibacterial performance, which caused 6.2 and 6.1 log 10 CFU/mL reduction of E. coli and S. aureus , with NIR irradiation for 5 min. Furthermore, the composite films prepared by doping only 0.5 wt% AgNPs@CEL into ethyl cellose could achieve a bactericidal rate more than 99.99 %. This study provides a new insight into design of controlled particle size lignin-based antibacterial nanosilver materials in a sustainable manner and holds promise for applications in antibacterial fields.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2025
·
IF 8.5
Xin Fu,Jianmin Peng,Xueren Qian
In this paper, cellulose-lignin films containing Fe 3+ were prepared by the codissolution-precipitation method, and the films have high transparency as well as high UV absorption. In this process, kraft lignin chelates with Fe 3+ and then bonds with cellulose through hydrogen bonding, evenly distributing within the film. The morphological results showed that the kraft lignin chelated with Fe 3+ bound tightly linked to cellulose within the Fe@cellulose-lignin composite films. The addition of Fe 3+ made the composite film (C-Fe -0.7 -L) maintain a high transmittance of 66.9 % at 600 nm with excellent UV absorption. Excellent UV absorption performance, completely shielded from both Ultraviolet A (UVA), Ultraviolet B (UVB), and Ultraviolet C (UVC), and improved the thermal stability of the film. Under 100 mW cm −2 solar irradiation, the temperature of C-Fe -0.7 -L rose rapidly to 60.7 °C. Based on this property, solar energy is transformed into kinetic energy, which realizes the photothermal conversion of solar energy. This work realizes the use of transparent films for energy utilization.
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GREEN CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 9.2
Junqi Zhang,Jianlong Wen,Zhenwei Liu,Fangwei Ling,Zhengtian Xie,Yijing Nie,Jinrong Wu
Simultaneously enhancing the strength and toughness of elastomers has long been a great challenge. Inspired by the cell-like structures found in nature, this study employs phosphatidylcholine to modulate the polarity of lignin, and thereby lignin forms a self-assembly “cell-like structure” within hydroxylated polyisoprene rubber, developing a green strategy for synthesizing high-performance rubber. The mechanism underlying the self-assembly of lignin structures was elucidated through two-dimensional infrared analysis and molecular simulations. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy force-distance curve analysis revealed that the presence of phosphatidylcholine not only altered the self-assembled structure of lignin but also facilitated the formation of an interfacial layer between lignin and the rubber matrix, thereby enhancing their compatibility. The “cell-like structure” and compatibility transformation enable the formation of lignin-reinforced hydroxylated polyisoprene rubbers with outstanding mechanical properties, achieving a remarkable strength of 26 MPa and great recovery capabilities in the absence of chemical permanent crosslinking. This innovative approach pioneers a novel green pathway for the sustainable production of high-performance rubber materials.
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RENEWABLE ENERGY
·
2025
·
IF 9.1
Haoxin Li,Jiakang Liang,Manni Ren,Li Chen,Olugbenga Abiola Fakayode,Cunshan Zhou
The refining of renewable lignocellulosic resources requires energy-intensive and chemically harsh processes, leading to lignin condensation and carbohydrate loss. To efficiently convert corn cobs (CCs) into fermentable sugars and produce functionalized lignin, we developed an ethylenediamine (EDA) treatment system under high solid loads. At 140 °C, EDA treatment separated 75.87 ± 3.16 % of lignin while retaining 93.72 ± 2.78 % of cellulose. The introduction of amino and amide groups enhanced lignin hydrophilicity through electrostatic repulsion and hydrogen bonding with water, reducing non-productive enzyme binding. As a result, glucose and xylose conversion rates in cellulose solids (CSs) reached 85.17 ± 1.82 % and 75.34 ± 1.95 %, respectively, while xylan solids (XSs) released 90.87 ± 3.47 % of xylose within 12 h of enzymatic hydrolysis. Aminated lignin (AL) contained 14.33 % nitrogen, exhibited aggregation-induced emission, and showed a 4.88-fold enhancement in photoluminescence (PL) intensity compared to alkali lignin. Model compound studies for the first time revealed the nucleophilic attack mechanism of EDA on ester bonds and β-O-4 ether linkages. The solid-state reaction system and α-amination structure effectively blocked reactive sites to prevent lignin condensation. AL can serve as a low-cost fluorescent probe for rapid Fe 3+ concentration detection. This one-step separation system achieves simultaneous extraction and modification, simplifying downstream processing of carbohydrates and lignin for value-added applications.
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Sustainable Materials and Technologies
·
2025
·
IF 9.2
Wenwen Zhu,Chencong Liu,Jiaqi Liao,Shitao Shi,Zewei Ye,Haomeng Yu,Qingfeng Sun,Julia L. Shamshina,Xiaoping Shen
The persistent accumulation of traditional plastic films and their environmental burden have created an urgent need for biodegradable alternatives. However, developing biodegradable plastic films that simultaneously exhibit excellent mechanical performance, stability, and rapid degradation in natural environments remains a significant challenge. In this study, we present a novel approach inspired by the crosslinking mechanism of lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC). Using epoxy-terminated polyethylene glycol (ETPEG 400 ), a hemicellulose-like matrix material with high crosslinking potential, we integrated it with lignin and cellulose nanofibers (CNF) to develop high-performance and rapidly biodegradable plastic films. The resulting Lignin-ETPEG 400 -CNF (LEC) films feature a dense structural network, achieved through continuous molecular rearrangement during rehydration and dehydration processing. This unique structure provides the films with exceptional mechanical strength (29 MPa), hydrophobicity, and thermal stability (T m = 148.5 °C). Furthermore, compared to conventional plastic films, the LEC films drastically reduce environmental impact, safely degrading in natural environments with minimal ecological footprint.
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Communications Chemistry
·
2025
·Vol. 8
·期 1
·1-11
·
IF 6.2
Wang Min,Luo Xiongfei,Wang Qunying,Strehmel Veronika,Chen Zhijun,Li Shujun,Strehmel Bernd
Valorization of waste for chemical processes addresses a challenging task for the society. Soda lignin ( AL ) available in the pulp industry operated in a photocatalytic cycle CuX 2 / L (X: Br, Cl; L : Me 6 TREN: Tris[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine) and to initiate radical photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with α-bromophenylacetate (EBPA) by exposure at 420 nm. This resulted in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA ) exhibiting a dispersity <1.3 with CuX 2 /L loading of ≲ 52 ppm. Deactivator reduction increased dispersity. MMA, styrene, and benzyl methacrylate successfully served as monomers for chain extension and block copolymerization experiments. This worked with CuX 2 /L ≥ 6.5 ppm, although conventional radical polymerization additionally competed. Adding of sodium pyruvate enabled radical photopolymerization under air. Modification of lignin with an aryl sulfonate group resulted in a one-component photoinitiator. It successfully initiated radical photopolymerization of a monomer mixture of (hydroxyethyl)methacrylate (HEMA) and urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA). Scale-up experiments approved practicability of photo-ATRP.
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