WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2021
·Vol. 84
·期 2
·484-498
·
IF 1.915
You Zhaoyang,Zhao Changrong,Sun Yongjun,Zhuang Chang
To cope with the increasingly severe challenges of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) in the field of the aquatic environment, this paper uses poly-aluminum ferric chloride (PAFC) and cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) as coagulants to enhance the removal of ZnO-NPs from water. In two environments (pure-water environment and kaolin environment) that simulate suspended solids, we studied the dosage, pH, precipitation time, and hydraulic power of ZnO-NPs at three different initial concentrations (1, 2, and 30 mg/L). The effects of various conditions on the performance of PAFC, CPAM, and PAFC/CPAM to remove ZnO-NPs were examined. Results showed that the overall removal rate of ZnO-NPs in the kaolin environment was slightly higher than that in the pure-water environment. In contrast the removal rate of ZnO-NPs in the PAFC/CPAM was significantly higher than that of PAFC or CPAM alone. The coagulation removal conditions of ZnO-NPs were optimized using a response-surface model. Under the best conditions, the removal rate of ZnO-NPs with an initial mass concentration of 30 mg/L in the PAFC/CPAM combination in pure-water and kaolin environments was 98.54% and 99.17%, respectively. Finally, by studying the changes in floc size during coagulation, enhanced coagulation was an efficient method of removing ZnO-NPs from water. The combination of PAFC and CPAM can efficiently remove ZnO-NPs. Kaolin can promote the removal efficiency of ZnO-NPs. The RSM model can reflect the optimal removal conditions for coagulation to remove ZnO-NPs. CPAM can further increase the particle size and compactness of ZnO-NPs flocs after coagulation.
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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
·
2019
·Vol. 48
·期 11
·7068-7075
·
IF 1.676
Li Shuhui,Zhou Ying,Cui Lijun,Ge Zhenhua,Feng Jing
In 2 O 3 (ZnO) k superlattice ceramics are promising oxide thermoelectric materials, as superlattice interfaces are effective in scattering phonons and filtering low-energy electrons to decrease thermal conductivity and improve the figure of merit ( ZT ) value. In this work, homologous compounds were prepared by solid-state reaction method using ZnO and In 2 O 3 as raw materials. Phase purity and crystal structure were characterized by x-ray diffraction, revealing that In 2 O 3 (ZnO) k crystallizes in an R3 m space group for odd k values and P6 3 /mmc for even k values. The study of thermoelectric (TE) properties showed that as k increased, the thickness of InO(ZnO)
+ 3
also increased, while the electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, power factor and ZT value were all decreased. In 2 O 3 (ZnO) 3 samples obtained a maximum power factor of 651 μ W m −1 K −2 at 973 K, and also achieved a maximum ZT value of 0.24 at 973 K.
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TOPICS IN CATALYSIS
·
2022
·Vol. 66
·期 1
·12-21
·
IF 2.781
Zhong Cheng,Shang Zhichao,Zhao Caixian,Luo He’an,Cao Yi,Yan Dejian,You Kuiyi
In order to obtain a high photoelectrochemical performance, co-catalysts loading is the most commonly used way, which can facilitate reactions and suppress the charge recombination. In this paper, a novel composite of ZnO/Ti 3 C 2 T X photoanode was fabricated by a facile spin coating of precipitating Ti 3 C 2 T X (MXene) flakes onto the surface of ZnO, as co-catalyst for enhanced photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Under simulated sunlight, the optimum composite of ZnO/Ti 3 C 2 T X photoanode showed the photocurrent density as 1.2 mA cm −2 at 1.23 V RHE , which is 1.4 times higher than that of pristine ZnO without Ti 3 C 2 T X co-catalyst (0.83 mA cm −2 at 1.23 V RHE ). The ZnO/Ti 3 C 2 T X photoanode showed a photoconversion efficiency of 0.32% and maintained a stable photocurrent over 2000s. The Ti 3 C 2 T X (MXene) flakes as co-catalyst to promote the charge transfer and accelerates the reaction kinetics in ZnO/Ti 3 C 2 T X photoanode. This work delivers a two-dimensional (2D) material Ti 3 C 2 T X (MXene) as co-catalyst for enhanced ZnO photoanode PEC water splitting.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
·
2022
·
IF 7.139
Qi Li,Pengcheng Wu,Yufan Huang,Peng Chen,Keliang Wu,Jianning Wu,Yan Luo,Lele Wang,Shengchao Yang,Zhiyong Liu,Xuhong Guo
Traditional surface-to-surface contact heterojunctions suffer from poor stability and low electron-hole separation efficiency, which has become a crucial limiting the further improvement of photocatalytic property. Therefore, improving the combination of heterogeneous materials will become a new attempt. In this work, a novel lattice embedded ZnO@TiO 2 (B) nanoflowers was prepared by combining electrodeposition method combined with hot solvent method. The hetero interface of the ZnO@TiO 2 (B) nanoflowers is distributed in the phase of TiO 2 (B), which drives high-efficiency charge separation. The sample Zn:Ti 1:4 has the highest photocatalytic property, and the H 2 generation efficiency under the full spectrum is 1.695 mmol g −1 h −1 , which is 3.5 times that of TiO 2 (B). After 36 h cycle stability test, its stability is as high as 90%. According to results, the possible mechanism of ZnO@TiO 2 (B) photocatalytic hydrogen production is proposed. These findings may provide new strategies for the preparation of high-efficiency heterojunction photocatalysts with special structures.
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MOLECULES
·
2025
·Vol. 30
·期 12
·2626
·
IF 4.6
Minhui Pan,Linlin Zheng,Congyu Cai,Weiwei Wang
The photocatalytic reduction of CO2into valuable hydrocarbons presents significant potential. In this research, a ZnO/ZnAl2O4composite photocatalyst was synthesized using the hydrothermal method, resulting in a marked enhancement in CO yield—approximately three times greater than that achieved with pure ZnAl2O4nanoparticles. The formation of a Z-scheme heterojunction between ZnO and ZnAl2O4was observed, characterized by low interfacial charge transfer resistance, an abundance of reaction sites, and optimized charge transport pathways. Within this composite, ZnO contributes additional vacancies, thereby increasing active sites and enhancing the separation and migration of photogenerated carriers. In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) analysis indicates that ZnAl2O4facilitates the formation of key intermediates, such as *COOH and HCO3−, thus promoting the conversion of CO2to CO. This study offers valuable insights into the design of heterogeneous catalysts with diverse active components to enhance the performance of CO2photocatalytic reduction through synergistic effects.
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高影响因子
MOLECULES
·
2024
·Vol. 29
·期 8
·1817
·
IF 4.2
Zhihao Tang,Yonggang Yang,Weiqi Wei
Herein, a series of ZnO-doped lignin-based carbons (LC/ZnO) were successfully prepared from different types of lignin and used for methyl orange (MO) photocatalytic degradation. The apparent morphology, internal structure, and photoelectric properties of prepared LC/ZnO composites and their effects on subsequent MO photocatalytic degradation were investigated by various characterization techniques. The results showed that the LC/ZnO composites that were prepared in this work mainly consisted of highly dispersed ZnO nanoparticles and lignin-based carbon nano-sheets, which were beneficial for subsequent photogenerated electrons and holes formation, dispersion, and migration. The MO could be significantly degraded with various ZnO-doped lignin-based carbons, especially over the LCSL/ZnO, and the maximum degradation rate was 96.9% within 30 min under the simulated 300w sunlight exposure. The experiments of free radical elimination showed that the photocatalytic degradation of MO over LC/ZnO were a result of the co-action of multiple free radicals, and h+might play the predominant roles in MO degradation. In addition, the pH of the solution had little effect on MO degradation, and the MO could be effectively degraded even in an alkaline solution of pH = 12.0. The cycling experiments showed that the prepared LC/ZnO had a good stability for MO photodegradation, especially for LCSL/ZnO, even after 5 times recycling, and the degradation rate of MO only dropped from 97.0% to 93.0%. The research not only provided a fundamental theory for the efficient photocatalytic degradation of MO by LC/ZnO composites, but also offered a new insight into lignin valorization.
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高影响因子
Sensor Review
·
2025
·
IF 1.4
Zhaopeng Li,Pei Li,Peisi Yin,Xin Zhao,Yangting Hu,Fei Sun,Xia Sun,Zhenhe Wang
Purpose This paper aims to develop a highly sensitive resistive gas sensor for accurately detecting ethyl formate to achieve reliable and real-time monitoring of fish meal spoilage. Design/methodology/approach Based on the one-step solvothermal reduction method, in a specific triethylene glycol solution environment and high temperature, the 3D ZnO sensing material with a jackfruit-like structure was prepared for detecting ethyl formate gas in fish meal. Findings The gas sensor based on 3D ZnO displays high sensor response (69.68–100 ppm) at 280°C and 43% RH and good sensor response (12.18–100 ppm) at 280°C and 80% RH, ultra-low detection limit of 10 ppb at 43% RH, excellent selectivity, repeatability and long-term stability. The sensing mechanism is due to the gain or loss of electrons caused by the sensor surface reaction. The unique jackfruit-like structure, abundant oxygen vacancies and large surface area may be another factor contributing to its excellent ethyl formate gas sensing performance. Originality/value The authors first developed an ethyl formate gas sensor, and the results were compared with the previously published data. The analysis showed the ZnO gas sensor demonstrated excellent sensing performance. This work highlights the potential of high response ethyl formate gas sensors to accurately evaluate fish meal quality.
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
·
2025
·Vol. 36
·期 25
·1-13
·
IF 2.8
Zhang Yuexing,Feng Wenlin,Ullah Arif
To address the need for high-sensitivity carbon monoxide (CO) gas sensing at room temperature, a CO gas sensor based on Au-modified tin oxide/zinc oxide (SnO₂/ZnO) nanocomposites is fabricated. SnO₂ nanoparticles, ZnO nanosheets, and Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized using sacrificial template, hydrothermal, and chemical reduction methods, respectively. The resulting nanocomposite was then drop-casted onto interdigitated electrodes and dried to obtain the CO gas sensor. The performance of the sensor was evaluated using a custom airtight chamber and a semiconductor parameter analyzer. The n–n heterojunction between SnO₂ and ZnO significantly increased oxygen vacancy in the composite material, enhancing surface chemisorption of oxygen. Moreover, the catalytic sensitization effect of AuNPs facilitated electron migration, while their inherent spillover effect promoted the activation of gas molecule interactions. Consequently, the sensor exhibited a high response (22.11%) to 70 ppm CO at room temperature, along with excellent stability, selectivity, and anti-interference capabilities. This work offers a promising approach for developing highly sensitive room-temperature gas sensors.
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MICROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2025
·Vol. 192
·期 3
·1-13
·
IF 5.3
Bi Leyao,Fu Boyan,Lin Jiahui,Wen Junsheng,Fu Jiaxing,Zou Binglin,Su Ningning,Wang Chunjie,Wang Yue
Ag-modified ZnO coral-like nanosheets were synthesized for the first time using a simple hydrothermal method. Compared to other Ag-modified ZnO sensors, the sensor with 2 wt% Ag content demonstrates excellent ethanol-sensing performance. The maximum response value of 67.42 can be achieved at the optimal operating temperature of 260 °C for 100 ppm ethanol gas, with corresponding response/recovery time of 6/75 s, respectively. This sensor also exhibits superior selectivity, reproducibility, and long-term stability. Techniques such as XRD, XPS, SEM, and TEM were employed to characterize the physicochemical properties of the gas-sensitive materials. Further research indicates that the enhanced gas-sensing properties of the composite materials can be mainly attributed to the unique coral-like nanosheet structure, the relatively high-specific surface area (9.8706 m 2 /g), and the combined effects of the Ag-ZnO heterostructure, as well as the synergistic interplay of electronic sensitization and spillover effects. This research offers valuable insights into the modification of ZnO-based gas-sensing materials with noble metals. Graphical
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高影响因子
FUEL
·
2025
·
IF 7.5
Zongqi Zhang,Xiaxi Yao,Xiang Liu
Solar-driven water splitting devoid of noble-metal co-catalysts is a promising and cost-efficient strategy for the production of clean and sustainable energy, namely hydrogen. The primary impediment to the practical application of photocatalysts lies in the efficiency of separation of photo-induced charge carriers. Herein, two core–shell ternary nanorod photocatalysts based on ZnO, ZnO@CuS@ZnS and ZnO@ZnS@CuS, were obtained via a facile surface sulfidation strategy. Intriguingly, it was discovered that the performance of hydrogen evolution of these photocatalysts was contingent upon the sequence of sulfidation. Meanwhile, the as-prepared photocatalysts displayed distinct advantages in different aspects. ZnO@CuS@ZnS exhibited a lower activation energy barrier, while ZnO@ZnS@CuS presented a more suppressed electron-hole pairs recombination. The composites exhibited high-efficiency of hydrogen evolution rates, 2.79 µmol·mg −1 ·h −1 (ZnO@CuS@ZnS) and 9.48 µmol·mg −1 ·h −1 (ZnO@ZnS@CuS), along with stable (20 h) performance. This phenomenon has been ascribed to the development of an n-p heterojunction structure, Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism, and the high-performing light-triggered charge separation to relatively extended lifetimes of 5.06 µs and 6.06 µs, respectively. This research may deliver significant understanding of the designation of economical and scalable ZnO-based heterojunction photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reactions in photocatalysis.
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SENSORS
·
2025
·Vol. 25
·期 7
·1995
·
IF 3.5
Jianhua Zhang,Yunbo Shi,Bolun Tang,Canda Zheng
This paper presents a ZnO-Pt/Ru sensor prepared by a two-step hydrothermal method with in situ-grown ZnO nanorods and doped with Pt and Ru elements by immersion sintering. Characterization results showed that Pt and Ru were successfully modified on the surface of ZnO nanorods. ZnO-Pt/Ru achieved a response of 25–50 ppm H 2 S at the optimum operating temperature of 198 °C. In addition, the lower limit of H 2 S detection of ZnO-Pt/Ru reached 50 ppb with a response of about 10%, indicating a wide concentration detection range. Due to the good catalytic properties of Pt, the recovery characteristics of ZnO at high concentrations of H 2 S were significantly improved. The response time of ZnO-Pt/Ru (30 s) was also significantly shorter than pristine ZnO (56 s), with excellent selectivity. As far as the gas-sensitive enhancement mechanism is concerned, at the macroscopic level, the ZnO surface was modified by Pt and Ru, and this special structure of ZnO-Pt/Ru significantly increased the specific surface area. At the microscopic level, the PN junction formed between Pt/Ru and ZnO provided abundant holes for electron migration.
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Coatings
·
2025
·Vol. 15
·期 12
·1439
·
IF 2.8
Yumeng Zhang,Chao Gu,Hong Li,Dechuan Li
Au–ZnO heterogeneous nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully synthesized, and the intrinsic correlation between their spectral evolution and interfacial growth mechanism was systematically elucidated. With increasing Au content, the SPR absorption peak of Au exhibits a pronounced red shift, while the defect-related emission of ZnO is suppressed and the band-edge emission becomes broadened. These spectral variations are closely coupled with the interfacial growth process. Interfacial electron transfer and the formation of a Schottky barrier induce charge redistribution within ZnO and reduce oxygen vacancies, enabling ZnO to preferentially nucleate on the Au surface and subsequently evolve into a pyramidal structure. The resulting morphological transformation further enhances electron depletion and plasmonic coupling, lowering the effective plasmonic energy of Au and deepening the SPR red shift. Quantitative analysis based on Mie theory shows that approximately 12% of the free electrons in Au participate in interfacial transfer, confirming the cooperative role of strong electronic coupling in governing both growth dynamics and optical responses. This study provides deeper insight into the photophysical mechanisms of Au–ZnO heteronanocrystals and offers guidance for designing noble metal–semiconductor composites with tunable optoelectronic properties.
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