Materials Horizons
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2025
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IF 10.7
Zhao Xu,Zi-Yang Fan,Dun-Wen Wei,Rui-Ying Bao,Wei Yang
Mechanical stimuli-responsive shape transformations, exemplified by mimosa leaves, are widespread in nature, yet remain challenging to realize through facile fabrication in synthetic morphing materials. Herein, we demonstrate stretch-activated shape-morphing enabled by an elastic-plastic bilayer structure assembled via dynamic crosslinking. Through dioxaborolane metathesis, a dynamic crosslinked polyolefin elastomer (POEV) with elasticity and a co-crosslinked POE/paraffin wax blends (POE/PW-V) with tunable plasticity are prepared. An elastic-plastic mismatched bilayer is then assembled via dioxaborolane metathesis at the interface. Upon stretching and release, the elastic POEV layer attempts to recover, while the plastic POE/PW-V layer resists recovery, inducing curled deformation of the bilayer strips. The localized bilayer design allows for selective activation and region-specific shape transformation under tensile stress, enabling the creation of customizable morphing geometries. Moreover, the low-entropy conformation fixed during stretching spontaneously reverts to a high-entropy state upon heating-induced melting of PW crystals, thereby restoring the original shape. This thermally induced recovery ensures repeatable stretch activation. This work presents a design strategy that integrates physical and chemical network engineering to develop heterogeneously responsive systems, offering promising potential for soft morphing device applications.
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Food Chemistry-X
·
2025
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IF 8.2
Mingzhu Zhou,Yiting Lu,Jinyu Yu,Chao Wang,Wei Yu,Liu Shi,Wenjin Wu,Lan Wang,Yu Qiao
Gas chromatography-electronic nose (GC-E-Nose), gc-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS), and gc-olfactory-mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS) techniques, along with odor recombination and omission experiments, were employed to characterize the off-flavors in commercially available ready-to-heat roasted catfish after reheating. A total of 19 (DR), 11 (HR), and 21 (YR) characteristic compounds were identified across the three samples. The 19 characteristic compounds from the DR group were reconstituted to develop recombination and omission models. The resulting model demonstrated the highest similarity (84.98 %) to the original sample while retaining some odor information from the other two sample groups. The 12 key off-flavor substances were identified through the omission model and were subsequently subjected to multivariate recombined. The contribution of these off-flavors was further validated via omission testing. The results indicated that the primary off-flavors in reheated ready-to-heat roasted catfish were attributed to hexanal, heptanal, (E)-2-hexenal, octanal, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 1-octen-3-ol, and (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal. This characterization of off-flavors in ready-to-heat roasted catfish post-reheating will contribute to the regulation of the product's flavor quality.
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Nature Catalysis
·
2025
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IF 44.6
Ren Yue,Kong Wei,Li Yang,Zhan Wang,Zhang Chunyu,Miao Yuhang,Yao Bingxin,Li Shengnan,Li Zhenhua,Liu Xiang,Zhan Sheng,Zhou Hua,Shao Mingfei,Duan Haohong
Aqueous electrolysis offers a potential sustainable route for converting biomass derivatives to plastic monomers, such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). However, selective electrosynthesis of high-concentration FDCA at kilowatt scale and ampere-level current density remains an unmet challenge, hindering commercialization. Here we show an engineered solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) reactor to steer Faradaic and non-Faradaic side reactions, achieving FDCA production at an industrially relevant current density (1.5 A cm −2 ) while maintaining high selectivity (97.0%), Faradaic efficiency (88.2%) and concentration (~1.24 M). The stability of the SPE reactor was demonstrated in continuous operation at 0.5 A cm −2 over 140 h. Moreover, a 4.3-kW electrochemical platform was constructed with a scale-out strategy, reaching a pilot-scale FDCA production rate (33 kg per day). This work shows the capability of reactor engineering to enable selective and large-scale production of sustainable chemicals via electrochemical processes.
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POLYMER
·
2024
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IF 4.1
Rui-Ying Bao,Li-Mei Peng,Jie Yang,Lu Bai,Ming-Bo Yang,Wei Yang
Phase change materials (PCMs) shows great promise as thermal interface materials (TIMs) due to their compliance and thermal management properties from solid-liquid phase transition characteristics. However, the significantly reduced thermal conductivity resulting from that randomly dispersed thermal conductive fillers susceptible to localized volume change by solid-liquid phase transition deteriorates the reliable heat transfer of TIM but is often overlooked. In this work, 3D-structured network of boron nitride (BN) fillers is created in vitrimeric PCM (vPCM) consisting of dynamic covalent crosslinked polyolefin elastomer (POE)/paraffin wax (PW) blends. The resulted composites with interconnected BN network show a through-plane thermal conductivity ( κ ⊥ ) of 3.08 W m −1 K −1 at 29.8 vol% BN. Significantly, the composites can keep the BN network continuous when heated, and remain κ ⊥ of about 1.4 W m −1 K −1 after the solid-liquid phase transition of PW, which ensures reliable heat transfer when achieving thermal management by melting endotherm of PW. Moreover, the composites conform to the surface topography of sandwiching surfaces through solid plasticity under low stress when the crosslinked network rearranges via the exchange of dynamic covalent bonds activated by the melting of POE, reducing the thermal contact resistance . When the composites are used as TIM through thermally triggered reconfigurable package procedures at 80 ° C and 50 kPa, the heat dissipation is better than a commercial thermal pad with κ ⊥ of 3.86 W m −1 K −1 . Vitrimeric PCM facilitates reliable 3D-structured BN network and thermally triggered conformability, paving a promising way for high-performance TIM with excellent heat dissipation.
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GREEN CHEMISTRY
·
2025
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IF 9.2
Bo Yang,Jiawei Xie,Yuxuan Liang,Xiumei Ma,Huyao Ge,Xueping Wang,Zhaohui Wang,Qiuyu Zhang,Ji-Jun Zou,Junjian Xie
Photocatalytic cycloaddition of biomass cycloolefins is a promising strategy for synthesizing high-density fuels; however, the current feedstocks are limited to cyclic ketenes that offer lower yields. Herein, we propose a universal self-photosensitized [2 + 2] cycloaddition approach to achieve ultra-low freezing point biofuels using biomass-derived bulk aromatic aldehydes, furans and olefins, which cannot be accomplished via thermal catalytic conversions. The triplet self-photosensitized mechanism was thoroughly demonstrated using a combination of monochromatic light excitation, triplet quenching, phosphorescence quenching, Stern–Volmer kinetic analysis and DFT calculations. Under room temperature, catalyst-free and solvent-free conditions, the optimal benzaldehyde conversion and cycloadduct selectivity reached 92.6% and 98.0%, respectively. This self-photosensitized [2 + 2] cycloaddition strategy could be expanded to various biomass-derived aromatic aldehydes, furans and olefins. In particular, the synthesized biofuel possessed a density of 0.805 g mL−1, an ultra-low freezing point of lower than −85 °C and an outstanding cryogenic kinematic viscosity of 28.7 mm2 s−1 at −60 °C, indicating its potential as a high-density and low-freezing-point fuel component and a low-freezing-point aerospace fuel additive. This work developed a versatile and eco-friendly route for photocatalytic biomass valorization to high-quality biofuels.
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Advanced Membranes
·
2025
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IF 9.5
Zhihao Huang,Chuanlong Li,Yuanyuan Sheng,Liqiu Yang,Haoli Zhou,Wanqin Jin
Pervaporation (PV) is considered one of the most industrially potential phenol wastewater treatment technologies because of its advantages such as high efficiency and without regeneration. PV membrane performance is a key factor that determines its industrial applicability. Here, polymer-filler-based mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) are proposed to enhance the membrane performance for pervaporation of phenol aqueous solutions. First, three hyper-crosslinked polymer (HCP) fillers were synthesized via the Friedel–Crafts reaction between benzyl alcohol (BA) and a penta-heterocyclic compound, such as furan (Fu), and analyzed by different characterizations. All the fillers exhibited desirable properties such as high phenol adsorption capacity and excellent hydrophobicity. Subsequently, different MMMs were fabricated by incorporating the HCP fillers into poly (ether block amide) (PEBA-2533) for the separation of phenol aqueous solutions. The Fu/BA-HCP@PEBA-2533 MMM was selected for further investigation as it afforded the highest separation factor of 72.2 and a flux of 2.07 kg/(m 2 ·h) at 70 °C for the separation of a 1.5 wt.% phenol aqueous solution. The diffusion and solubility coefficients were measured. The effects of different operating conditions on the membrane performance and long-term stability were studied, and the results for the pervaporation of phenol aqueous solutions were compared with previously reported data. Investigating the effects of diverse polymer fillers and their compatibility with polymers on the fabrication and performance of MMMs will be a prospective future research direction.
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JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
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2025
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IF 4.6
Shuge Yuan,Yahui Liu,Jinglin Yu,Ping Yang,Wei Yong,Zongxu Zhao,Tianyang Guo,Huanlu Song
The distinctive aroma of coffee is highly regarded by public, and influenced by many factors. To investigate the odor activities of volatile compounds and their formation pathways during coffee roasting, the coffee beans with four roasting degrees (i.e., raw, light, medium, and dark), four varieties (i.e., Robusta, Mandheling, Pink bourbon , and Bourbon pointu) and two sample matrixes (i.e., powder and brew) were analyzed by sensory evaluation and gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS). Coffee mainly exhibited nutty, cocoa, smoky, floral, fruity, caramel, sour, and grassy odors. According to both relative content and relative odor activity value (rOAV), the odor compounds in two matrixes were compared, and odor-active compounds were confirmed. In combination of sensory results and rOAV, the coffee aroma characteristics were corresponded with odor-active compounds by partial least squares regression. Moreover, the precursors of odor compounds in different coffees were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS), and the formation pathways of odor compounds during coffee roasting were summarized into Lipid oxidation and degradation, Phenolic acid degradation, and Maillard reaction and Caramelization. The study offers guidance for selecting coffee varieties and processing to produce coffee for consumer satisfaction.
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FUEL
·
2025
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IF 7.5
Yuhang Fang,Menglong Niu,Yue Ji,Yongli Yan,Ben Niu,Xiaohua Chai,Baoqi Ma
To address the bottleneck of insufficient fuel density in Coal Tar (CT), this study proposes a molecular group-oriented ring expansion modification strategy to enhance the content of condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and optimize hydrogenation processes for high-density fuel production. Three modifiers—furan (FA), maleic anhydride (MA), and NA anhydride (NA)—combined with Lewis acid catalysts (AlCl 3 , FeCl 3 , etc.) were employed to modify low- and medium-temperature CT. The modified products were characterized using GC–MS, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, and 13 C NMR. Fuel performance was evaluated via density, viscosity, calorific value, and hydrogenation experiments under optimized conditions with a Ni-Mo/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalyst. Post-modification, the tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content increased by 20 %, the condensed aromatic peak area rose by 450 %, and the graphitization degree improved by up to 120 %. MA demonstrated the best modification effect, yielding a hydrogenated product with a density of 0.9547 g/mL and a calorific value of 42.2 MJ/kg. Kinetic analysis identified AlCl 3 -catalyzed reactions at 100 °C for 24 h as optimal, involving synergistic Diels-Alder and Friedel-Crafts alkylation mechanisms. This work pioneers a molecular group-oriented ring expansion strategy for CT, overcoming the limitations of traditional hydrogenation in enhancing ring numbers and offering a novel pathway for coal-based high-density fuel development.
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RENEWABLE ENERGY
·
2024
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IF 9
Peng Zhang,Guoqiang Chen,Hao Chen,Han Wu,Limin Geng,Long Qi,Donghui Qi,Zhanming Chen,Jianming Cao,Yanlei Ma
Furan and methyl heptanoate are potential substitute fuels for high energy density and renewability. Free spray diffusion after injection greatly influences the combustion process. In this study, the effects of free diffusion of pure diesel (D100) and four blends (F10, F20 (10 %, 20 % furan and 90 %, 80 % diesel), MH10, MH20 (10 %, 20 % methyl heptanoate and 90 %, 80 % diesel)) spray on combustion characteristics were investigated in a constant volume bomb. The results show that the effects of fuel properties on gas-liquid area and gas-to-liquid ratio of area (GTL ar ) at free diffusion stage are more significant. The GTL ar of F20 and MH20 reaches about 1.86, while D100 is 0.82. At 140 MPa, the peak flame area of F20 and MH20 exceeded 750 mm 2 , while D100 was near 600 mm 2 . When the gas-liquid area and GTL ar increase, the flame temperature increases. At 140 MPa, the flame KL of F20 and MH20 is net-zero, while the flame KL of D100 is above 3. It reveals that blending furan and methyl heptanoate is beneficial to reduce soot formation due to higher temperature and oxygen content, respectively. These findings provide a basis for the engine application and bioenergy efficient utilization of furan and methyl heptanoate as renewable energies.
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2024
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IF 5.7
Ziyue Wang,Lu Li,Wenliang Li,Haiyang Yan,Yuan Yuan
As a food contaminant that can be quickly absorbed through the gastrointestinal system, furan has been shown to disrupt the intestinal flora and barrier. Investigation of the intestinal toxicity mechanism of furan is of great significance to health. We previously identified the regulatory impact of salidroside (SAL) against furan-provoked intestinal damage, and the present work further explored whether the alleviating effect of SAL against furan-caused intestinal injury was based on the intestinal flora; three models, normal, pseudo-germ-free, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), were established, and the changes in intestinal morphology, barrier, and inflammation were observed. Moreover, 16S rDNA sequencing observed the variation of the fecal flora associated with inflammation and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Results obtained from the LC–MS/MS suggested that SAL increased furan-inhibited SCFA levels, activated the mRNA expressions of SCFA receptors (GPR41, GPR43, and GPR109A), and inhibited the furan-activated TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling. Analysis of protein–protein interaction further confirmed the aforementioned effects of SAL, which inhibited furan-induced barrier damage and intestinal inflammation.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
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IF 13.3
Weipeng Song,Junhua Zhang,Yong Sun,Rui Zhang,Lincai Peng,Huai Liu
Functionalizing biomass-derived furanic chemicals is of great importance towards biorefinery processes but challenging, especially working at elevated substrate concentrations. We herein report the intervention of 1,4-dioxane co-solvent availably to catalyze hydroxymethylation of furfuryl alcohol (FA) in formalin over Hβ zeolite, giving high yield to 2,5-dihydroxymethylfuran (DHMF), a versatile building block. Impressively, the facilitating effect of 1,4-dioxane on DHMF production became more pronounced with increasing FA feeding concentration, and the yield raised from 19.5 % to 67.8 % from a high FA concentration of 10 wt%. The 1,4-dioxane served not only as a catcher of formaldehyde hydrate to access substrate FA, but also as a shield to restrain undesirable condensation side-reactions. The developed protocol demonstrated an excellent universality in boosting the hydroxymethylation of electrondrawing-group-free furanic molecules (e.g., furan, 2-methylfuran). The understanding of these solvation effects can be employed to effectively manipulate and improve the hydroxymethylation of furanic compounds.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2025
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IF 9.8
Yuan Yang,Xiaoli Wu,Qiuyi Yan,Hongling Zhou,Yurong Deng,Chengbin Zheng
Furans, recognized as carcinogenic contaminants generated during thermal food processing, pose significant food safety concerns, necessitating sensitive and cost-effective detection methods. Traditional GC-FID/MS methods are often constrained by high costs and complex instrumentation. Herein, a point discharge molecular emission spectrometer (PD-MES) was developed as a highly sensitive GC detector, specifically by monitoring CN molecular emission at 388.3 nm for the analysis of furans in food samples. Furans were extracted using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) prior to detection. Compared to conventional carbon atomic emission at 193.0 nm, the CN-based method demonstrated up to a 211.42-fold improvement in sensitivity and achieved detection limits of 0.02–0.08 ng/g with excellent precision (RSD < 4.9 %). Practical validation across ten diverse food matrices yielded satisfactory recoveries (83.4 %–114.5 %). This system offers a robust, highly sensitive, reliable, and economical alternative for the routine monitoring of furan compounds in foods, particularly in resource-limited settings.
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