ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
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2026
·
IF 19.9
Shuhan Chen,Jichang Sun,Pengyu Meng,Liansheng Li,Qinghua Liang
Aqueous zinc ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs) typically pair a battery-type Zn anode with a capacitor-type porous carbon cathode. Their capacity is conventionally thought to be limited by the intrinsic electric double-layer (EDL) capacitance and pseudocapacitance arising from the porous structure and surface chemistry of the cathode. This longstanding view has constrained the achievable energy density of ZIHCs. In this work, we challenge this paradigm by demonstrating that charging at high voltage substantially enhances the capacity of commercial cathodes in a 2 M ZnSO 4 electrolyte. Leveraging this insight, we develop two simple strategies to significantly increase the energy density of ZIHCs. An ex situ approach nearly doubles the capacity of a commercial cathode, yielding an order of magnitude increase in the specific energy E total based on the total active mass of anode and cathode when integrated into a Zn-limited configuration. Alternatively, an in situ strategy, which directly charges the device to a high voltage, achieves comparable enhancement while simplifying fabrication. Both strategies deliver exceptional cycling stability (over 60,000 cycles at 5.0 A g −1 ) and are successfully validated in pouch cell prototypes. Overall, this work provides a deeper mechanistic understanding and offers simple, low-cost routes to high-energy-density aqueous ZIHCs.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 12.5
Xiaorui Chen,Xiao Xiao,Wei Zhao,Bin Liu,Hongzhou Lian,He Ding,Piaoping Yang,Ping'an Ma,Lingjie Song,Shifang Luan,Ziyong Cheng,Jun Lin
Biomineralization of bacterial as a ultrasound (US)-triggered CO generator. • Engineered bacteria can decompose through acid-response in tumor microenvironment. • Self-supplying H 2 O 2 , amelioration of hypoxia, Ca 2+ -induced mitochondria damage. • US-triggered CO release for apoptosis in tumor cells. • Activating anti-tumor immune responses for significant inhibition of tumor growth. Carbon monoxide (CO) gas therapy is emerging as a highly promising strategy in cancer treatment. However, the tumor-targeted delivery and on-demand release of CO remain formidable challenges, and monotherapeutic efficacy is inherently limited. To address these issues, we report a self-guided “CO-releasing bomb” constructed by armoring Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) with 3-hydroxyflavone-D-alanine (HF-D-Ala) and calcium peroxide (CaO 2 ) nanoparticles (EHC). Upon reaching the acidic, hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME), CaO 2 instantly generates Ca 2+ and H 2 O 2 ; the bacterium then self-catalyzes H 2 O 2 to produce a local O 2 burst. Subsequent ultrasound irradiation triggers HF-D-Ala to liberate a high concentration of CO owing to the O 2 -rich environment, selectively damaging tumor-cell mitochondria and inducing apoptotic death. Moreover, the O 2 generation alleviates tumor hypoxia and reverses the immunosuppressive TME. Concurrently, E. coli antigens promote dendritic cell maturation and enhance T-lymphocyte recruitment and infiltration. In vivo studies demonstrate that the EHC under US irradiation significantly suppresses tumor growth and potently activates antitumor immunity. These findings provide compelling evidence to support the potential application of combined CO gas therapy and immunotherapy for in vivo tumor treatment. Download: Download high-res image (58KB) Download: Download full-size image
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DESALINATION
·
2026
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IF 9.9
Yongxiao Song,Wenze Li,Xin Zhou,Shiyu Zhou,Xiao Jiang,Zhongqi Ren,Zhiyong Zhou
A novel wet leaching process was proposed for recovering FePO 4 from lithium extraction slag. • H₂SO₄ and (NH₄)₂SO₃ were used as leaching and reduction reagents, respectively. • The leaching efficiency of FePO 4 reached up to 99.5% under optimized operation conditions. • The purity of final product met battery-grade standards with an overall recovery efficiency above 95%. • Hundred-kilogram-scale experiments demonstrated the feasibility and operational stability of the process A novel hydrometallurgical leaching process based on a H₂SO₄-(NH₄)₂SO₃ system for the efficient and low-cost recovery and regeneration of battery-grade iron phosphate (FePO₄) from lithium extraction slag (LES) was developed. Under optimized operating conditions (sulfuric acid concentration of 1 mol/L, ammonium sulfite dosage of 0.125 g/g LES, solid-to-liquid ratio of 160 g/L, reaction temperature of 50 °C and reaction time of 120 min), the process achieved highly efficient leaching of FePO₄ with a leaching efficiency exceeding 99.5%, significantly reducing alkali consumption in subsequent steps and the overall process cost. Through precise control of the precipitation pH, highly selective FePO₄ precipitation and effective impurity separation were realized. The purity of the final product met battery-grade standards, with an overall recovery efficiency above 95%. Through a comparative study of the leaching kinetics of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ , it was revealed that the reductive leaching process is governed by a chemical reaction-controlled model, in which the acid-induced dissolution of the FePO₄ lattice (E a = 51.29 kJ/mol) poses a higher kinetic barrier compared to the reduction reaction, serving as the rate-determining step for the overall process. Thermodynamic analysis and phase evolution tracking elucidated the mechanisms of efficient FePO₄ dissolution and selective precipitation, providing a theoretical basis for precise pH control to selectively recover Fe 3+ while suppressing the co-precipitation of Al, Mn, Ni, and Ca impurities. Crucially, the process enabled closed-loop circulation of the leaching medium by converting it into ammonium sulfate, thereby enhancing resource efficiency alongside environmental and economic benefits. Furthermore, hundred-kilogram-scale experiments demonstrated the feasibility and operational stability of the process. Compared with alternative routes, this approach offers a substantial advantage in raw material cost control. Its core unit operations align well with existing industrial FePO₄ production lines without requiring major retrofitting, highlighting its strong potential for industrial integration. In summary, the proposed recycling strategy provides a viable, efficient, and green technological route for FePO₄ valorization from lithium extraction slag.
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INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
·
2026
·Vol. 65
·期 29
·15347-15362
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IF 3.9
Xia Deping,Bao Keyi,Wang Wei,Lin Hualin,Han Sheng
The
surface engineering of nanomaterials is crucial for addressing
persistent issues related to their dispersion stability in base oil.
In this study, the superfine boehmite (AlOOH) nanomaterials were successfully
synthesized and subsequently modified by hexadecyltrimethoxysilane
to achieve their dispersion stability in poly α olefin 8 (PAO8)
for at least 35 days. This oil-soluble AlOOH was employed alongside
molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDTP) as additives in PAO8 to
effectively reduce friction and wear. The results demonstrated that
the composite additives of MoDTP and oil-soluble AlOOH exhibited remarkable
friction performances in PAO8. Notably, when 1.5 wt % oil-soluble
AlOOH was combined with 0.25 wt % MoDTP, the average coefficient of
friction and wear rate were decreased by 80.93% and 86.34% compared
to base oil, respectively. Meanwhile, the tribological properties
of PAO8 containing the desired composite additive under various sliding
conditions were investigated as well. Furthermore, the synergistic
effect between the oil-soluble AlOOH and MoDTP facilitates the formation
of a robust tribofilm composed of FePO 4 , Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , MoS 2 , FeO, Al 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , MoO 3 , and
Fe 3 O 4 , ultimately boosting friction-reducing
and wear-resistance effects as well as load-bearing capacity.
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iScience
·
2026
·Vol. 29
·期 7
·
IF 4.5
Lili Dong,Bing Han,Minglan Jin,Yuxin Zhao
The preparation of emerging adsorbents promoted the sustained development of solid-phase extraction (SPE). Herein, magnetic porous reduced graphene oxide (MPrGO) was prepared to be applied to dispersive magnetic solid phase extraction (d-MSPE) of triclosan (TCS) from environmental water samples. TCS exists widely in water and has an endocrine disrupting effect on aquatic animals. We report an optimized workflow before gas chromatography (GC) for d-MSPE with 5 mg of MPrGO, 20 s extraction time, 4.5 mL (1.5 mL each time for three times) of methanol-5% (v/v) ammonia as elution. Recoveries of 110.3%–122.0% and 94.6%–96.2% were obtained for TCS spiked in surface water and tap water by the d-MSPE method with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of less than 5.0%, respectively. The method was successfully applied to quantify the occurrence of TCS in reclaimed water samples. The d-MSPE analytical method is an efficient, simple, low-cost, recyclable method for monitoring traces of TCS in different water samples.
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INORGANIC CHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS
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2026
·
IF 5.9
Aeshah Alrubayyi
The main innovation of this work is the design of ultrathin CoNi-LDH nanosheets encapsulated in a conductive carbon layer via polypyrrole coating and subsequent carbonization. The key scientific problem addressed is the intrinsically poor electron transfer and limited active site exposure of pristine layered double hydroxides for efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER). CoNi-LDH@C was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method followed by polypyrrole coating and carbonization. The composite consists of radially grown CoNi-LDH nanosheets with a loose layered structure, large surface area, and enhanced conductivity. For OER in 1.0 M KOH, it achieves a low overpotential of 231 mV at 20 mA cm −2 , a small Tafel slope of 35 mV dec −1 , and remarkable long-term stability with 94.6% retention after 15 h. This work provides an effective strategy to simultaneously improve conductivity and active site accessibility in LDH-based materials for high-performance OER electrocatalysts.
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ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
·
2026
·
IF 19.9
Xiangyi Zhang,Zihan Xing,Tong Wang,Limin Wu
Passive radiative cooling provides a sustainable, zero-energy cooling pathway, yet it faces a fundamental challenge in humid or cloudy conditions due to the blockage of the atmospheric transparency window and increased downward atmospheric radiation. Herein, we present a hierarchical Janus bilayer metafabric (TS/PLU) that synergistically combines radiative and evaporative cooling for thermal management with humidity resilience. Integrating a hydrophobic TPU/h-SiO 2 reflection layer with a hygroscopic PAN/LiCl@UiO-66 regulation layer achieves superior solar reflectance (>96%), high atmospheric-window emissivity (96.6%), and moisture capture and evaporation. Crucially, a “harvest-storage-release” mechanism is enabled by UiO-66-confined LiCl, mitigating deliquescence and salt leakage while facilitating heat dissipation even when radiative power is attenuated by high humidity. Asymmetric wettability ensures unidirectional water transport, preserving the radiative function of the hydrophobic top layer. Outdoor tests demonstrate a maximum sub-ambient temperature reduction of 13.4°C under sunny conditions, with a net radiative cooling power of 132.87 W m −2 . The LiCl@UiO-66 incorporation contributes an additional 5.1°C cooling enhancement relative to non-hygroscopic controls. Combined with mechanical robustness (≈370% elongation) and washing durability, this multimodal strategy offers a material-level proof of concept for thermal management featuring humidity resilience and shows potential relevance to personal cooling, outdoor thermal protection, and building-envelope cooling.
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Science Advances
·
2026
·Vol. 12
·期 29
·
IF 13.9
Jianan Gao,Qingquan Ma,Shuaijie Zhao,Qing Li,Qingzhi Liu,Yanbiao Liu,Chuyang Y. Tang
Source-separated recovery of nitrogen pollutants can enable nitrogen circularity and reduce the burden on wastewater infrastructure, yet most electrochemical systems struggle to couple high flux with low energy consumption. Here, we report a reagent-free electrified membrane that generates interfacial alkalinity via water dissociation at the membrane-wastewater boundary, drives ammonium (NH 4 + ) to ammonia (NH 3 ) conversion, and continuously extracts NH 3 across the membrane as a high-purity stream. An integrated microenvironment-engineered design increases interfacial alkalinity and reduces gas-transport resistance, thereby optimizing NH 4 + /NH 3 speciation and transmembrane flux with low energy consumption. The electrified membrane achieves the highest reported NH 3 separation rate among electrochemical recovery systems and averages 2.9 times that of conventional structure while retaining 87.5% of its initial performance after 500 hours of flow-type operation. Preliminary building-scale life-cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis indicate notable environmental benefits and economic potential, with 2.34 square meters of membrane achieving a 95% NH 3 recovery target for a 440-resident apartment. This work sets a framework for electrochemical NH 3 separation and outlines a pathway to practical, decentralized deployment.
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高影响因子
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
·
2026
·Vol. 123
·期 32
·e2610882123
·
IF 9.5
Xiang Xiao,Xianbing Zeng,Jing Zhou,Tianyi Pang,Tianfeng Zhou,Juncai Song,Lei Li,Baiqian Xu,Yujing Li,Guanghao Wu,Yubing Guo
Developing miniature robots with multimodal mobility in complex environments remains challenging. This study developed miniature robots based on magnetic particle–doped liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) that integrate multicomponent functional doped materials and LCE molecular orientation engineering. Thanks to the synergistic introduction of magnetic particles with photothermal effects and 5CB plasticizer, the robot exhibits fast photothermal response in both terrestrial and underwater environments. In the terrestrial environment, the designed photomagnetic dual-field coupling strategy reshapes the physical boundaries of robots, improving their obstacle-crossing ability and achieving asymmetric full-orientation dual-mode jumping. In the underwater environment, the robot utilizes frequency laser flapping to induce wake vortex rings to overcome moderate Reynolds number drag. Especially, by utilizing the spatial resolution of the local light field, it successfully achieves efficient directional propulsion and flexible steering control by switching the irradiation position to break fluid symmetry, substantially alleviating the spatial-control limitations of globally applied magnetic fields. Finally, we demonstrated potential applications of designed miniature robots on targeted photothermal therapy of cancer cells with high accuracy. We expect that the newly developed dual-responsive and multifunctional miniature robots will find broad medical applications, such as targeted drug delivery and minimally invasive surgery.
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JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
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2026
·
IF 8.4
Yue Shen,Geng Cheng,Xiaoyang Wang,Songju Luo,Yufei Gu,Ye He,Zhaoqin Xu,Xiaojiang Mu,Lei Miao
With the continued expansion of the ammonia industry, electrochemically decomposing ammonia to generate hydrogen-rich gas streams for use in NH 3 -H 2 mixed fuel systems has become an important pathway for efficient ammonia resource utilization and green hydrogen production. A self-supported SnO 2 -Cu 2 O nanosheet electrode on nickel foam was developed as an efficient, stable, non-precious-metal anode for the ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR), enabling ammonia-assisted hydrogen production. The interconnected 3D nanosheet network offers good electrolyte penetration and gas release, while interfacial electronic interaction between SnO 2 and Cu 2 O induces charge redistribution that shifts the d-band center upward, lowering the *NH→*N dehydrogenation barrier to just 0.16 eV. This electronic regulation accelerates AOR kinetics, allowing the electrode to reach 50 mA cm −2 at only 1.46 V (vs. RHE) with over 60 h of stable operation. The catalyst also maintains high N 2 selectivity while suppressing NO x byproduct formation. Combined experimental and DFT analyses confirm that interface engineering between the two oxides is key to improving nitrogen intermediate evolution and overall catalytic performance. This work offers a practical strategy for designing durable, non-precious-metal AOR anodes, advancing electrochemical ammonia conversion technologies relevant to hydrogen generation from NH 3 -H 2 fuel systems.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 12.5
Fenghui Li,Qian Zhang,Hao Wu,Ping Li,Zhanyong Guo,Ran Zhang,Lianbang Wang
A trace ammonia-assisted binary solvothermal etching constructs micron Si/C with in-situ CNT networks. • Multi-level architecture with C/SiC coating, porous framework, and 3D CNT network mitigates volume expansion. • Synergistic design achieves stable interfacial impedance and enhanced lithium storage kinetics. Rational structural design represents an effective strategy to mitigate the volume expansion of micron-sized silicon (Si) during charge/discharge cycling and to address its inherently poor electrical conductivity. Herein, we develop a trace-ammonia-assisted binary solvothermal etching method coupled with high-temperature carbonization to simultaneously construct a porous Si skeleton, a β-SiC-reinforced conformal carbon coating, and a three-dimensional interconnected carbon nanotube (CNT) conductive network within a single composite. Systematic investigation reveals the distinct yet complementary roles of each reaction component: the ethylene-glycol-dominated solvent system promotes uniform carbon coating formation; trace ammonia initiates Si etching to generate a porous framework; FeCl 3 catalyzes the in-situ growth of CNT; and the β-SiC phase formed during carbonization reinforces the mechanical integrity of the coating. Benefiting from these multi-level structural advantages, the material maintains intact particle morphology after 20 cycles, with an electrode thickness expansion rate of only 42.2%, substantially lower than that of conventional micron-sized Si/carbon composites (172.4%). Concurrently, it exhibits favorable charge transfer kinetics, as reflected by low and stable interfacial impedance throughout cycling. Electrochemical evaluation demonstrates outstanding cycling stability, with a reversible capacity of 960.4 mAh g −1 retained after 400 cycles at 2.0 A g −1 . Furthermore, a full cell assembled with an NCM622 cathode delivers satisfactory performance, underscoring the practical viability of the designed material. This work offers new insights into the controllable design of high-performance micron-sized Si/C anodes.
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JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS
·
2026
·
IF 5.9
Rui Dong,Peng Chen,Qingyi Zhang,Jiajun Zeng,Fuming Du,Haibing Wang
Hierarchical NiCo 2 O 4 /carbon nanosheets composites were constructed through a template-assisted hydrothermal-calcination strategy. • The carbon nanosheets network improves the charge transfer behavior and enhances the intrinsic active site. • The optimized NiCo 2 O 4 /CNs-2 electrode delivers 285 mV at 10 mA cm −2 with a Tafel slope of 58.2 mV dec −1 for alkaline OER. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) poses a key kinetic bottleneck for electrochemical water splitting due to its sluggish four-electron transfer kinetics. Spinel NiCo 2 O 4 is a promising non-precious candidate, while its practical application is constrained by poor electrical conductivity, limited stability and insufficient intrinsic activity. Herein, we report a hierarchical composite (NiCo 2 O 4 /CNs), in which NiCo 2 O 4 nanosheets are uniformly anchored onto three-dimensional carbon nanosheets network via a template-assisted hydrothermal strategy. The introduction of CNs simultaneously enables asymmetric Ni 2+ /Ni 3+ and Co 2+ /Co 3+ valence ratio via strong interfacial coupling and ensures rapid electron transfer via the interconnected conductive network. As a result, the optimized NiCo 2 O 4 /CNs-2 composite exhibits enhanced OER performance in alkaline media, with an overpotential of only 285 mV to achieve 10 mA cm −2 and a Tafel slope of 58.2 mV dec −1 . pH-dependence analysis reveals a higher proton reaction order (0.894) than pristine NiCo 2 O 4 (0.641), suggesting an enhanced lattice oxygen involved contribution, which is corroborated by post-OER XPS, Raman, and XRD analyses confirming LOM-triggered surface reconstruction into Ni x Co 1-x (OH) 2 active phase. This work highlights a novel 2D/3D composite strategy that regulates the Charge-transfer behavior of metal oxides through morphological modulation of carbon supports, offering a promising route toward high-performance, durable non-precious metal electrocatalysts for practical water splitting applications.
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