ACS Applied Nano Materials
·
2021
·
IF 5.097
Fan Wang,Yongsong Ma,Peng Li,Chuang Peng,Huayi Yin,Wei Li,Dihua Wang
Understanding the material formation mechanism is critical to guide the material synthesis and exploitation. Herein, we reveal a different conversion mechanism of SiO2 particles to Si nanotubes (SNTs) in the molten salt electrolysis. Unlike conventional strategies employing templates and/or catalysts, the one-step electrochemical synthesis is template- and catalyst-free, which process involves lamination, exfoliation, and reduction. Specifically, SiO2 particles are first converted into layer-structured CaSiO3, from which CaO and O2– are subsequently extracted, causing the collapse of the layer structure and forming SiOx (0 < x < 2) layers. The newly formed SiOx layers are finally deeply reduced into SNTs. Besides, the morphology of silicon-based nanostructures can be controlled via altering the applied voltage between a SiO2 cathode and a graphite anode. In addition, the electrolytic SNTs show enhanced lithium-storage performances, such as a high specific capacity (2485 mAh g–1 at 0.2 A g–1) and an excellent rate capability (1362 mAh g–1 at 5 A g–1), which is benefited from the tube structure that can buffer the volume variation of Si. Overall, the revealed conversion mechanism will shed light on designing advanced Si-based nanomaterials for various applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源存储
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2021
·
IF 7.312
Zhonghua Zhao,Mingyong Wang,Yunfei Chen,Yongzheng Jia,Jialiang An,Shuqiang Jiao
Vanadium oxide s, such as V 2 O 5 and V 2 O 3 , are important metallurgy products and mainly used to prepare V-based alloys for steelmaking. At present, vanadium oxide s are mainly produced by complex sodium salt roasting process. Serious environmental pollution, such as emission of ammonia nitrogen wastewater and NH 3 , are restrictive problems. Here, a clean and sustainable method for V 2 O 3 preparation is proposed by one-step molten salt electrochemical reduction of soluble NaVO 3 , i.e. an indispensable intermediate in traditional V metallurgy. The pollution issues are well solved. The theoretical decomposition voltages of different vanadate to various low-valence vanadium oxides were calculated. NaVO 3 with a solubility of 14.7 wt% is the most suitable vanadate for the direct preparation of V 2 O 3 by molten salt electrolysis. The effects of cathode structure, NaVO 3 content, electrolysis temperature and voltage on current efficiency and electricity consumption were systematically studied. High-purity V 2 O 3 with uniform particle distribution is obtained and the lowest electricity consumption is only 2.86 kWhkg −1 . V 2 O 3 is mainly produced by one-step electrochemical reduction of soluble NaVO 3 through two-electron transfer process. The economic evaluation for ferrovanadium production is preliminarily carried out. Compared with the traditional process, the cost for ferrovanadium production is lower by the aluminothermic reduction of V 2 O 3 which is prepared by clean one-step electrolysis of soluble NaVO 3 .
研究领域:
冶金工程
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材料科学
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环境科学
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电化学
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资源利用
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
·
2017
·Vol. 164
·期 13
·A3292
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IF 3.259
Jiguo Tu,Shubo Wang,Shijie Li,Chen Wang,Dongbai Sun,Shuqiang Jiao
The need of an efficient and sustainable way to store energy is an urgent necessity. Unfortunately, due to the cost and limited resources of lithium, the use of the most mature Li-ion batteries for grid-scale storage of renewable energy production is nowadays going on slowly. Here, a low-cost, high-capacity Al/graphite rechargeable aluminum battery was explored based on molten AlCl3-NaCl liquid electrolyte. The battery shows a specific capacity of above 200 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1, even maintaining at 111.4 mAh g−1 at a higher current density of 1000 mA g−1 over 1000 cycles, with a Coulombic efficiency of 94.6%. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal that AlCl4− and Al2Cl7− anions are intercalated between graphite layers at the graphitic carbon cathode, meanwhile Al2Cl7− anions are transformed into metallic Al and AlCl4− anions at the Al anode. The inherent low-cost and low-flammability, as well as the most outstanding high capacity, long-term cycling stability and Coulombic efficiency, are particularly favorable for grid-scale storage of renewable energy.
研究领域:
能源材料
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
·
2015
·Vol. 18
·期 4
·3204-3213
·
IF 4.493
Shuai Wang,Jiguo Tu,Yan Yuan,Rui Ma,Shuqiang Jiao
The paper reports a facile and cost effective method for fabricating sodium molybdenum sulfide nanoparticles through using MoS2 sheets as the precursor by sodium-modification. The electrochemical performances of sodium molybdenum sulfide nanoparticles are studied as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries. The galvanostatic charge–discharge measurements have been performed in a voltage range of 0.01–2.6 V vs. Na+/Na under different current densities, using the as-prepared sodium molybdenum sulfide nanoparticles as a working electrode. Typically, the initial discharge and charge capacities of sodium molybdenum sulfide nanoparticles are 475 and 380 mA h g−1, respectively, at a current density of 20 mA g−1. The sodium molybdenum sulfide nanoparticles exhibit high capacity with a reversible discharge capacity of about 190 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles. It should be emphasized that the discharge reaction consists of two steps which correspond to voltage plateaus of 0.93 V and 0.85 V vs. Na+/Na in the first discharge curve of the Na/MoS2 battery, respectively. But there is only one apparent voltage plateau in the Na/Na–Mo–S battery, and it reduces to below 0.5 V vs. Na+/Na, which can enhance the power density. All of the findings demonstrate that sodium molybdenum sulfide nanoparticles have steady cycling performance and environmental and cost friendliness as next generation secondary batteries.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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能源存储
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纳米材料
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无机化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2021
·
IF 6.901
Na Li,Yaru Peng,Zeng Chen,Wenjuan Xiong,Jiaqi Sun,Yiming Chen,Putao Zhang,Meiyue Liu,Shengjun Li
The electro-deoxidation of MgO does not proceed efficiently due to the electrical insulation properties of MgO and large molar volume of metallic magnesium. In this experiment, an attempt was done to prepare Mg-Zr alloy from their oxides using the method of electro-deoxidation. The electrochemical mechanism of the deoxidation process of MgO, ZrO 2 and MgO-ZrO 2 composite was studied through cyclic voltammetry using metallic cavity electrode (MCE). There was an intermediate phase (Zr 3 O) in the reduction process of ZrO 2 . The electro-deoxidation of MgO occurred for MgO-ZrO 2 composite in CaCl 2 -NaCl molten salt. Moreover, the electro-deoxidation of MgO was promoted by the addition of polyvinyl butyral (PVB). The formation of metal phase Mg was confirmed by XRD, EDS, Raman spectroscopy, and inductively-coupled plasma spectroscopy. The electro-deoxidation products showed significant differences with the concentration of PVB and the ratio between MgO and ZrO 2 . The electro-deoxidation of MgO and ZrO 2 was favorable when the PVB concentration was 5.0% (wt.%). Pure metal phase of Mg-Zr alloys was formed when the molar ratio of MgO and ZrO 2 was 1:2. The atomic fraction of Mg in the electrolytic product was ca. 28.0 mol.%. This work shows that MgO could be directly electro-deoxidized to Mg without the formation of intermediate phase oxide.
研究领域:
材料科学
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冶金工程
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无机化学
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电化学
·
金属合金制备
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Energy Storage Materials
·
2022
·
IF 20.831
Kuangyu Wang,Kai Liu,Cheng Yang,Ziyao Chen,Haitian Zhang,Yulong Wu,Yuanzheng Long,Yang Jin,Xiangming He,Meicheng Li,Hui Wu
Non-aqueous rechargeable aluminum-ion batteries (AIBs) are a promising candidate for grid-scale energy storage due to their high theoretical energy density , safety, environmental benignity, and the abundance of Al sources. However, the limited cathode capacity and the high price of ionic liquid electrolytes hinder their large-scale applications. Herein, an intermediate-temperature AIB composed of nickel disulfide-based cathode and NaCl-AlCl 3 -Al 2 S 3 molten salt electrolyte is reported. A highly reversible conversion mechanism between Ni 3 S 4 and Ni during cycling is proved with cathode capacities exceeding 500 mAh g −1 . The full cell delivers a cathode capacity of 320 mAh g −1 at 240 °C and a current density of 2000 mA g −1 with negligible capacity fade after 2000 cycles. The raw material cost is estimated to be as low as 28 $ kWh −1 based on the electrode and electrolyte materials. The molten salt electrolyte-based AIB provides promising opportunities to build energy storage systems with low cost, high safety, stable electrochemical performance, and long lifetime.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Physical Chemistry C
·
2024
·
IF 3.3
Jing Pan,Yongde Yan,Yuan Deng,Xuepeng Wang,Li Ding,Xin Kong,Yun Xue,Fuqiu Ma,Kai Zhu,Wei Liu
Electrolyte is considered to be one of the key factors affecting electrolysis in the rare earth and their alloys industry. Generally, the fluoride system is chosen as the electrolyte for industrial production. However, the molten salt electrolysis method for fluoride-oxide systems is not well understood and has not been systematically studied at this stage. In order to supplement this part, lanthanum (La) ions have been chosen as the research object in this paper to systematically investigate the preparation of La–Ni alloy from LaF3–LiF-CaF2–La2O3 molten salt. A series of electrochemical methods were used to investigate the mechanism and kinetic properties of La(III) reduction on W and Ni electrodes. The electrochemical reduction properties and kinetic parameters of La were obtained. La–Ni alloy was prepared by potentiostatic electrolysis, and it was verified by detailed analysis through characterization methods. On this basis, LaNi5 intermetallic compound was successfully prepared on Ni electrode. This study provides valuable theoretical guidance for the development of La alloy preparation with fluoride salt systems in industry.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
·
2023
·Vol. 170
·期 12
·122505
·
IF 3.9
Yongxin Wu,Muya Cai,Hongya Wang,Zuojun Hu,Fangzhao Pang,Xiang Chen,Meiyu Zhao,Bingbing Wang,Xiong Zhang,Xiaowei Liu,Dihua Wang,Huayi Yin
Lead-acid batteries (LABs) are commonly utilized in various applications such as electric motorcycles, uninterruptible power systems, and stationary energy storage devices. Calcium (Ca) is an essential element being added to Pb grid alloys to increase their mechanical strength. In this paper, molten salt electrolysis is used to prepare Pb-Ca master alloy in molten CaCl2-NaCl at 700 °C. The Ca concentration reaches 2.51 wt%, and the current efficiency reaches 85.0% for the 1 A-scale electrolyzer and 75.8% for the 50 A-scale cell. Compared with the traditional physical mixing ways, Ca is selectively and gradually deposited in the liquid Pb cathode without worrying about the immense heat generated by mixing Ca and Pb. In addition, molten salt serves as a media to avoid the oxidation of Ca. Through thermodynamic calculations and electrochemical measurements, the Pb-Ca formation prefers to happen rather than Pb-Na alloy in molten CaCl2-NaCl because of the stronger interaction of Ca and Pb than Na and Pb. Overall, this paper provides a straightforward strategy to prepare Pb-Ca master alloys, which can be expanded to prepare various liquid semimetal alloys containing reactive metals.
研究领域:
材料科学
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冶金工程
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电化学
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能源材料
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功能合金
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
·
2025
·
IF 4.7
Shanshan Wang,Haotong Wang,Benteng Ma,Bingxin Zhu,Yusheng Yang,Min Qiu,Milin Zhang
The Nd–Ni intermetallic compounds have been used as a hydrogen storage material due to their high hydrogen storage capacity. Eight Nd–Ni intermetallic compounds have been identified, and the optimal alloy composition needs to be prepared for controllable material properties. In this work, the Nd–Ni intermetallic coatings were prepared by electrolysis in molten LiCl–KCl, and the neodymium activity in these intermetallics was measured. The electrochemical behavior of Nd(III) ions was investigated on the inert W electrode and active Ni electrode, respectively. The reduction process of Nd(III) ions was two-step and controlled by diffusion on a W electrode. Meanwhile, we found that Nd(II) ions affected the accurate evaluation of the diffusion coefficient because of the disproportionation reaction Nd(II)↔Nd(III) + Nd(0). The formation mechanism of Nd–Ni intermetallic coatings was resolved using a combination of electrochemical and EDS methods. Five Nd–Ni intermetallic NdNi 5 , Nd 2 Ni 7 , NdNi 3 , NdNi 2 , and NdNi coatings were successfully prepared by potentiostatic electrolysis. The activity and activity coefficient of neodymium in these intermetallic compounds were obtained. The relationship between the formation potential of Nd–Ni intermetallic compounds and the neodymium activity was established.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
·
物理化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 9
Jinzhao Guan,Ming Lin,Zhiliang Tan,Yu-jun Li,Xingkai Duan,Shifang Ma,Yang Wang,Zhongning Shi,Hui Dong
Mars is a long-term target for human exploration in the future. On the basis of the demands of space exploration and in situ resource utilization, Martian soil simulant NEU Mars-1 was applied for metal extraction and oxygen preparation in 50.9 wt% KF-49.1 wt% AlF 3 molten salt at 750 °C, and the dissolution and electroreduction behaviors of Martian soil simulants were studied via the isothermal saturation method and electrochemical techniques, respectively. The results revealed that the concentrations of SiO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , and TiO 2 in the molten salt reached 6.09 %, 0.25 %, and 0.17 %, respectively, when the dissolution was in equilibrium. The reduction processes of various ions in Martian soil simulants were as follows: Fe(III) was first reduced to Fe(II) and Fe, Si(IV) was reduced to Si(II), and Fe(II) was reduced to Fe, and finally, Al and Si were codeposited. NEU Mars-1 was electrolyzed with an Fe-Ni anode and liquid Al as the cathode in molten salt. The purity of the anode gas O 2 was 95.41 %, whereas an Al-Si-Fe-Ti alloy containing 12.13 wt% Si, 3.00 wt% Fe and 0.17 wt% Ti was obtained at the cathode.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
空间探索
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Energy Chemistry
·
2025
·
IF 14.9
Shijie Yang,Guangbin Zhang,Zijie Lin,Zhihuan Li,Min Wang,Sheng Wang,Yuhui Sun,Zhongwei Yu,Pei Zhang,Linjiao Ren,Liying Jiang,Xiaoying Song,Yalong Zhao,Changshun Wang,Jing Wu,Linglong Zhang,Hucheng Song,Jun Xu
Lithium-carbon dioxide (Li-CO 2 ) batteries using high ion-conductive inorganic molten salt electrolytes have recently attracted much attention due to the high energy density and potential application of carbon neutrality. However, the poor Li-ion conductivity of the molten-salt electrolytes at room temperature (RT) makes these batteries lose most of their capacity and power as the temperature falls below 80 ℃. Here, inspired by the greenhouse effect, we report an RT molten salt Li-CO 2 battery where solar energy can be efficiently harvested and converted into heat that is further localized on the cathode consisting of plasmonic ruthenium (Ru) catalysts and Li 2 CO 3 -based products via a greenhouse-like phenomenon. As a result, the solar-driven molten salt Li-CO 2 battery demonstrates a larger full discharge/charge capacity of 9.5 mA h/8.1 mA h, and a longer cycle lifespan of 250 cycles at 500 mA/g with a limited capacity of 500 mA h/g at RT than the molten salt Li-CO 2 battery at 130 ℃. Notably, the average temperature of the cathode increases by 8 °C after discharge to 0.75 mA h, which indicates the infrared radiation from Ru catalysts can be effectively suppressed by discharged Li 2 CO 3 -based products. This battery technology paves the way for developing low-temperature molten salt energy storage devices.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源研究
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2018
·
IF 3.779
Zhongren Zhou,Peng Dong,Deyu Wang,Meng Liu,Jianguo Duan,G.P. Nayaka,Ding Wang,Cunying Xu,Yixin Hua,Yingjie Zhang
In this paper, a facile metallurgical method named molten salt electrolysis was introduced to synthesize silicon-titanium nanocomposite that was used as the anode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Simply utilizing SiO 2 and TiO 2 mixture as the raw materials, upon the direct electrolysis in the molten salt chamber, the oxide precursor was reduced constantly to the complete production of silicon-titanium nanocomposite. Benefiting from the compositional and structural advantages of sample, the as-obtained silicon-titanium anode delivered enhanced reversible specific capacity and good cycling stability such as the initial discharge capacity of 1410.5 mAh g −1 with the columbic efficiency of 80.72% and reversible 638.1 mAh g −1 with a high retention of 92.2% just after the anode cycling for 50 times. The average specific capacity fading percentage was only 0.16% per cycle between the 4 th to 50 th cycles, the result of which showed a good electrochemical performance for lithium ion storage.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
·
能源存储
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）