LANGMUIR
·
2025
·
IF 3.9
Jin You Zheng,Siyuan Liu,Qimeng Sun,Wenshuo Guo,Lingbo Qu,Xiaomei Yu,Songjie Li
Tungsten trioxide (WO3) exhibits exceptional electrochromic properties, positioning it as a promising material for the fabrication of high-performance smart glass devices. Here, a two-step sol–gel approach was employed to synthesize crystalline/amorphous bismuth-doped WO3 (Bi-WO3) nanoparticle composite films. The rationally designed composite film demonstrates superior electrochromic performance, featuring a high optical modulation of 82.7%, rapid switching times of 2.1 s for coloring and 2.0 s for bleaching, a prominent coloration efficiency of 102.23 cm2/C at 630 nm, and remarkable cycling stability (retaining 84.5% of the initial optical modulation after 10,200 cycles). These improved properties are ascribed to the complementary advantages of the amorphous and crystalline Bi-WO3 layers as well as their interface synergy. Furthermore, the study investigates the phase transformation and morphological evolution accompanying performance degradation during continuous electrochromic cycling. Observations reveal that the film surface transitions from small-scale nanoparticles to anisotropic nanosheets, while the crystalline structure evolves from an amorphous state to the orthorhombic WO3·H2O. Notably, the open framework structure and reversible proton insertion/extraction behavior of the amorphous Bi-WO3 layer mitigate irreversible proton trapping, thereby maintaining long cycle stability. This work presents an effective strategy for constructing high-performance WO3-based electrochromic composite materials by leveraging structural heterojunctions and interface engineering, providing insights into the design of next-generation smart optical devices.
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高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2025
·
IF 5.6
Jun Wu,Lei Zhao,Yuhua Zhang,Shengfei Sun,Lu Yao,Cuina Yang,Zhifeng Liu
Tungsten oxide (WO 3 ) films were prepared by the hydrothermal method, and their micro-properties were characterized by microscopic testing techniques. Combining an electrochemical workstation with an ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometer, the effects of electrolyte type (1 mol/L AlCl 3 •6H 2 O/H 2 O and LiClO 4 /C 4 H 6 O 3 ) and driving voltage (0.4, 0.6, 0.8 V for Al 3+ electrolyte, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2 V for Li + electrolyte) on their electrochromic properties were systematically investigated. The results indicated that WO 3 films exhibited a nanorod cluster morphology with a hexagonal phase crystal structure. Al 3+ electrolyte demonstrated superior electrochromic properties compared to Li + electrolyte. At the same driving voltage of 0.8 V, the peak current density and area of the cyclic voltammetry curve for Al 3+ electrolyte were 4.19 times and 5.20 times those of Li + electrolyte. Additionally, the charge transfer resistance was lower, the static optical modulation curve was higher, and the dynamic optical modulation and coloration efficiency were 1.88 times and 1.46 times those of Li + electrolyte. Notably, the colored time for Al 3+ electrolyte was shorter than that of Li + electrolyte, while its bleached time was longer. Furthermore, increasing the driving voltage enhanced optical modulation but decayed cycling stability. The decay evolution model of cycling stability comprised three stages: stable decay, rapid decay, and residual decay. At lower driving voltages, only the stable decay stage occurred. With driving voltage increasing, all three stages emerged, accompanied by accelerated decay rates and shortened decay cycles. Besides, the driving voltage threshold for Al 3+ electrolyte was lower than that for Li + electrolyte, while its optical modulation and cycling stability were superior. The decay mechanism of cycling stability could be attributed to four factors: ion trapping, lattice distortion, electrostatic attraction, and interfacial reaction. This study can provide theoretical references for the development and application of high-performance electrochromic smart windows.
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Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2025
·Vol. 14
·期 1
·120635
·
IF 7.2
Nan Xiang,Huajun Sun,Guifeng Tang,Na Zhang,Chuanhui Gao,Yuetao Liu,Chuanxing Wang,Junwei Ding,Li Ding
Photocatalytic conversion of CO 2 into solar fuels presents a promising strategy for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. The reduction of CO 2 to methanol not only enables carbon resource recycling but also facilitates the production of sustainable fuels. In this study, a litchi-shell-like TiO 2 /WO 3 -5 hollow heterojunction catalyst was constructed, featuring surface alkalization and abundant oxygen vacancies. This unique architecture provides a high specific surface area and plentiful active sites, thereby significantly enhancing CO 2 adsorption capacity. Under neutral conditions (pH = 7), the TiO 2 /WO 3 -5 catalyst achieves a remarkable methanol production rate of 780 μmol·g⁻¹ ·h⁻¹ with a high selectivity of 88.6 %, substantially outperforming its individual counterparts, pure TiO 2 and WO 3 . Furthermore, the catalyst demonstrates excellent stability over multiple reaction cycles. A series of characterizations, including EPR, PL, TRPL, and in situ DRIFTS, collectively verify the formation of a Z-type heterojunction, which effectively promotes the spatial separation of photoinduced charge carriers and suppresses the formation of CO and CH 4 . This work underscores the crucial synergy between Z-type heterojunction engineering and surface defect manipulation in enhancing reaction selectivity and efficiency. The TiO 2 /WO 3 -5 catalyst offers a prospective platform for CO 2 -to-fuel conversion and provides valuable guidance for the design of advanced photocatalysts.
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Applied Materials Today
·
2025
·
IF 6.9
Cheng Zhou,Chunjian Wang,Shuling Xiang,Kun Li,Biyou Bao,Guanglong Xu,Chengli Zhang,Qiang Wang,Hongtao Cao,Hongliang Zhang
This work reports the rational design of oxygen-deficient hexagonal WO 3 (h-WO 3 ) nanogranular thin films for high-performance electrochromic energy storage devices (EESDs). The h-WO 3 nanoparticles were synthesized via a facile acid precipitation method, where pH control guided the hexagonal phase formation, followed by rapid microwave heating processing to introduce oxygen vacancies. Formulated into a blade-coatable ink, the resulting films feature a synergistic combination of a hexagonal tunnel structure, nanogranular morphology, and oxygen vacancies, which collectively enhance ion transport and electrochemical activity. When integrated into a Zn-based EESD with a Li + -Zn 2+ hybrid electrolyte, the device achieves an optical modulation of 63.86 % at 633 nm and exceptional long-term stability, retaining 90 % of its initial modulation after 15,000 cycles. It also delivers a high areal capacity of 84.94 mA h m −2 at 1 A m −2 with excellent rate capability. This work underscores the critical role of synergistic defect and structural engineering and provides a versatile strategy for developing advanced multifunctional materials.
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JOURNAL OF WUHAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY-MATERIALS SCIENCE EDITION
·
2025
·Vol. 40
·期 3
·682-692
·
IF 1.1
Wu Jun,Zhao Lei,Yang Cuina,Zhang Yuhua,Sun Shengfei,Yao Lu
This paper adopted the hydrothermal method to prepare tungsten oxide (WO 3 ) nanorod films and studied the effects of precursor solution concentration (0.02, 0.03, 0.06 mol/L peroxytungstic acid) and annealing temperature (200, 300, 400 °C) on their electrochromic properties. The microstructure characterization of WO 3 films were performed using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscope (TEM), and their electrochromic properties were tested by combining an electrochemical workstation with an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer. The results showed that the precursor solution concentration directly affected the thickness (290, 560, 990 nm) and microstructure of WO 3 films, significantly impacting their electrochromic properties. However, the annealing temperature had a negligible effect. As the precursor solution concentration increased, the optical modulation of WO 3 films gradually decreased, reaching 51.1%, 43.8%, and 35.1%, respectively. The switching time first increased and then stabilized, with coloring times of 7.3, 7.7, and 7.7 s, respectively, and bleaching times of 3.8, 6.5, and 6.5 s, respectively. The coloration efficiency gradually increased but the increase was relatively small, reaching 41.8, 44.4, and 44.8 cm 2 /C, respectively. Moreover, the cycling stability of WO 3 films was poor, with the ratios of the final value of optical modulation to the initial value 0.33, 0.26, and 0.34, respectively. Additionally, there were bigger differences in the bleached state transmittance, while the colored state transmittance showed smaller variations. However, the former has better cycling stability than the latter. In summary, to obtain better electrochromic properties, the thickness of WO 3 films should not exceed 290 nm.
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Micromachines
·
2024
·Vol. 15
·期 6
·785
·
IF 3
Liqun Wang,Zihao Zhai,Longnan Li
The sol-gel method is a widely adopted technique for the preparation of tungsten trioxide (WO3) materials, favored for its cost-effectiveness and straightforward production procedures. However, this method encounters challenges such as prolonged annealing periods and limited flexibility in fabricating patterned WO3films. This study introduces a novel approach that integrates femtosecond laser processing with the sol-gel method to enhance the fabrication of WO3films. By adjusting polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) concentrations during sol-gel synthesis, precise control over film thickness and optimized film properties were achieved. The innovative technique significantly reduced the annealing time required to achieve an 80% transmittance rate from 90 min to 40 min, marking a 56% decrease. Laser processing increased the surface roughness of the films from Sa = 0.032 to Sa = 0.119, facilitating enhanced volatilization of organics during heat treatment. Additionally, this method improved the transmittance modulation of the films by 22% at 550 nm compared to unprocessed counterparts. This approach not only simplifies the manufacturing process but also enhances the optical efficiency of electrochromic devices, potentially leading to broader applications and more effective energy conservation strategies.
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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
·
2024
·Vol. 53
·期 7
·4250-4260
·
IF 2.2
Zhao Yuan,Jiang Kanrui,Wang Wei,Chen Wenjing,Liu Qiutan,Zhi Guowei
Metal oxide semiconductors have been proven to be a very effective photocatalytic material. In this study, Au-WO 3 was successfully synthesized through a microwave irradiation-assisted one-pot method. The results demonstrated that the hydration degree of WO 3 · n H 2 O could be controlled by Au, and the nanorods could be refined. When the optimum Au modification level was 5.4 wt.%, the specific surface area of WO 3 · n H 2 O increased from 36.67 m 2 g −1 to 71.72 m 2 g −1 , indicating that active sites on the catalyst surface were added. The photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) is considered to assess the photocatalytic performance of the Au-WO 3 nanoparticles under visible light. The deterioration of the sample increased initially, then decreased as the Au level increased. The photocatalytic degradation capacity was strongest when the Au content was 5.4 wt.%, and the degradation rate was 0.0084 min −1 .
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CATALYSIS TODAY
·
2024
·
IF 5.2
Qian Qiang,Huamei Yang,Wentao Su,Haiyan He,Shenglong Tian,Changzhi Li,Tao Zhang
Lignin is the most abundant renewable resource composed of aromatic moieties in nature. The highlight aromatic characteristics of lignin renders it a sustainable feedstock for aromatic chemicals and naphthene fuels. Tungsten is a typical rare metal for the synthesis of non-noble metal catalysts which show potential in catalyzing lignin depolymerization/valorization. This review highlights the latest advances in the application of tungsten-based catalysts for the transformation of lignin into value-added chemicals and fuels. We focus on the synthesis and application of tungsten carbides , tungsten sulfide, tungsten phosphide, tungsten acids, and tungsten-based bimetallic catalysts on lignin conversion. Among them, tungsten carbides are extensively summarized. Perspectives for the future investigation on the lignin depolymerization are also presented.
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