INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2023
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IF 8.2
Danting Sun,Jia Zeng,Dongjie Yang,Xueqing Qiu,Weifeng Liu
Flocculation is a common process for wastewater treatment. However, the most commonly used organic synthetic flocculants such as polyacrylamide are petroleum-based. In this work, biomass lignin was grafted with cationic starch to synthesize low-cost, green and fully biomass-based multifunctional flocculants. The cationic polyacrylamide was replaced by cheap industrial cationic starch. Hyperbranched multifunctional lignin-grafted cationic starch flocculant (CS-L) was successfully prepared via ring-opening reaction with epichlorohydrin. The mass content of lignin in the grafted product was between 16.6 % and 70.1 %. With the dosage of CS-L between 4.0 and 7.5 mg/l, the turbidity removal rate for 500 mg/l kaolin suspension reached more than 97 %. When the dosage of CS-L was 24 mg/l, the removal rate of 50 mg/l Cu 2+ reached 85.7 %. Importantly, when the mixed solution of kaolin particles and Cu 2+ was treated, the synchronous removal rates of kaolin and Cu 2+ reached 90 % and 72 % respectively in the range of 8.0–12.0 mg/l flocculant addition. The synthesized lignin-grafted cationic starch flocculant showed an excellent multifunctional flocculation function.
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ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
·
2023
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IF 8.3
Junjun Ma,Tao E,Shuyi Yang,Liang Chen,Ying Cheng,Jia Yu,Yun Li
Stabilizing Cr(III) in tannery sludge (TS) via harmless method has always been the goal of environmental pollution treatment. In this study, a simple method to stabilize Cr(III) in TS is proposed via adding kaolin, based on the fact a large amount of organic matter contained in TS. Comprehensive characterizations confirm that kaolin can stabilize Cr(Ⅲ) via its abundant –OH and lamellar structure. Moreover, there are hydrogen bond interactions and ligand exchange-surface complexation between organic matter and kaolin, which is more conducive to form a stable ternary complex with Cr(III), in a state of organic matter-Cr(III)-kaolin. Simultaneously, the BCR sequential extraction experiment shows that the unstable water and acid soluble state of Cr(III) are reduced (from 0.61% to 0.35%), which further indicates that the stabilization of Cr(III) is successful.
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ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
·
2023
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IF 7.4
Yijie Wang,Liming Hu,Zhenyu Yin
Different types of soil water, such as bound water and capillary water, have distinct effects on the physicochemical and engineering properties of soils, particularly unsaturated clayey soils. Therefore, it is crucial to develop an accurate and physically meaningful experimental method for identifying and quantifying these components. This study pioneers the use of a multi-step kinetic model to identify and quantify different soil water components across a wide range of relative humidity (RH) using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data. To validate the determined kinetic parameters (i.e., activation energy, preexponential factor, and reaction model) and the identification and quantification results of soil water components, TGA with multiple heating rates, nitrogen adsorption method, cation exchange capacity measurement, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were performed on kaolin samples equilibrated under various RH conditions. These experimental results cross-validate the superior performance of the kinetic model in determining soil water components and predicting the thermal desorption behaviors of soil water. Based on the cross-validation results, the soil water components obtained from the kinetic analysis are further identified as tightly-bound, loosely-bound, and capillary water, which exhibit variations consistent with empirical soil water isotherm models. The T 2 cutoff value between bound and capillary water is determined to be 1.79 ms based on TGA and NMR results. The determined thermal kinetic parameters of different soil water components can exhibit their distinct retention mechanisms. The method and results in this study provide a new perspective on identifying different soil water components, as well as understanding the mechanism of soil-water interactions in unsaturated soils .
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Water
·
2023
·Vol. 15
·期 9
·1680
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IF 3.4
Yuxin Jiang,Xihua Cao,Fang Li,Xiuxian Song
Antibiotics have been identified as emerging pollutants, and they increasingly threaten the safety of mariculture; thus, effective treatment methods are urgently needed. In this study, Fe(II)-peroxymonosulfate-modified clay (Fe-PMS-MC), an effective mineral complex for harmful algal bloom control, was tested for sulfamethoxazole (SMX) removal from seawater. The results showed that SMX removal efficiency increased gradually from 42.3% to 100% in seawater in 6 h as the Fe-PMS-MC dose increased from 0.1 g/L to 1.0 g/L; this removal was more efficient than that in freshwater. Both an increase in temperature and the addition of inorganic anions such as Cl−, HCO3−, and SO42−improved the SMX removal efficiency; in contrast, there was no noticeable influence of a pH change from 3.0 to 9.0 or ofHeterosigma akashiwobiomass addition from 103cells/mL to 105cells/mL. Oxidation was the main mechanism for the removal of SMX by Fe-PMS-MC treatment, and the mechanisms included radical oxidation and non-radical oxidation. PMS was the key component in Fe-PMS-MC for the production of radicals, which increased with temperature. Similarly, both radical oxidation and non-radical oxidation increased when PMS was attacked by Cl−, HCO3−, and SO42−in seawater.
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JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
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2023
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IF 9.5
Yunxuan Chen,Jun Nan
Membrane fouling has always been a problem hindering the practicability of ultrafiltration . Direct regulation of the structure of the cake layer formed by rapid deposition of flocs as a “secondary barrier” in the in-line coagulation ultrafiltration (C-UF) process has acquired importance as a research topic in comparison to membrane modification and standard coagulation ultrafiltration. In this study, membrane fouling was controlled in the C-UF process via coagulation/nano-scale Fe 3 O 4 load (C/FL-UF) and coagulation/nano-scale Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 load (C/FSL-UF). The promotion effects of these two processes (C/FL-UF and C/FSL-UF) on the reduction of membrane fouling and improvement of water quality were systematically studied employing simulated surface water. Floc characteristics, XDLVO theory, and the Hermia model, etc were employed to explain the optimization of cake layer. For coagulation/Fe 3 O 4 load, the floc size was large and loose, whereas, for coagulation/Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 load with high recoverability., the floc size was slightly loose. The newly constructed cake layer had improved porosity, structural stability and capacity of water transport. Meanwhile, decrease of unit adhesion free energy and secondary minimum depth along with the substantial increase of energy barrier between the reconstructed cake layers and membranes or colloids explained the mechanism of reduced membrane fouling from the surface energetics. The gradual decrease of water contact angle and the optical images proved that the affinity of the cake layer was significantly reduced. Hermia model further validated the accuracy of this study in controlling membrane fouling by regulating the formation of the cake layer. Finally, the study concluded by analyzing the practicability and efficacy of the procedure to further elucidate the applicability of this research.
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APPLIED CLAY SCIENCE
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2023
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IF 5.6
Yao Xiao,Zhenchun Xu,Chuansheng Wang,Huiguang Bian
In order to realize the high value-added utilization of natural clay materials in natural rubber composites , an environment-friendly animal glycerol potassium salt was introduced to modify kaolin, and the natural rubber with excellent performance were prepared by high-energy ball milling combined with gas-phase spray drying technology . The impact of the ball milling reduced the particle size and increased the specific surface area of kaolin, promoting the chemical modification of kaolin by potassium oleate. The gas-phase spray technology effectively broke the filler aggregates, and the high-temperature roller realized the instantaneous drying, reducing the oxidation and fracture of the rubber molecular chains . In this paper, the gas barrier properties , mechanical properties, anti-aging properties, dynamic mechanical properties and Payne effect of the composites were investigated. The FTIR , XPS and interfacial contact angle demonstrated the existence of a stable chemical bonding in the process of potassium oleate-modified kaolin, and the hydrophilicity of kaolin was reduced. Kaolin was uniformly and finely dispersed in the rubber matrix by spray drying technology. Compared with the traditional dry mixing, the composites prepared by the technology improved the gas barrier properties , processing properties, comprehensive mechanical properties, and the aging coefficient increased by 23.1%, and had excellent wet skid resistance and rolling resistance.
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INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
·
2023
·
IF 4.6
Hao Wang,Wenxin Bao,Muhammad Tariq Sarwar,Luyuan Tian,Aidong Tang,Huaming Yang
Local geometric configurations of metal cations in inorganic enzyme mimics determine their catalytic behaviors, while their optimization remains challenging. Herein, kaolinite, a naturally layered clay mineral, achieves the optimization of cationic geometric configuration in manganese ferrite. We demonstrate that the exfoliated kaolinite induces the formation of defective manganese ferrite and makes more iron cations fill into the octahedral sites, significantly enhancing the multiple enzyme-mimicking activities. The steady-state kinetic assay results show that the catalytic constant of composites toward 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and H2O2 are more than 7.4- and 5.7-fold higher than manganese ferrite, respectively. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the outstanding enzyme-mimicking activity of composites is attributed to the optimized iron cation geometry configuration, which has a higher affinity and activation ability toward H2O2 and lowers the energy barrier of key intermediate formation. As a proof of concept, the novel structure with multiple enzyme-mimicking activities amplifies the colorimetric signal, realizing the ultrasensitive visual detection of disease marker acid phosphatase (ACP), with a detection limit of 0.25 mU/mL. Our findings provide a novel strategy for the rational design of enzyme mimics and an in-depth investigation of their enzyme-mimicking properties.
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JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2023
·Vol. 140
·期 30
·e54103
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IF 3
Zhenchun Xu,Yao Xiao,Yukun Zhou,Yufei Hong,Qingxiang Lai,Chuansheng Wang,Huiguang Bian,Wei Li
A combination of plasma-foaming double dispersion method, flash drying technology, and potassium oleate (PO), a plasma- and environmentally-friendly foaming agent, were used to modify kaolin. The use of high-energy plasma disrupts the stacking agglomeration formed between kaolinite lamellae, increases the contact area between the lamellae, and PO reduces the polarity of kaolinite to realize the effective surface modification of kaolinite. PO decreases the polarity of kaolin and weakens the strength of the interfacial bonds formed between kaolin and rubber. Modified kaolin and natural latex are deposited on the surface of high-temperature rollers for instant drying, and a decrease in the contents of non-rubber components, such as proteins and phospholipids accompanies the progress of the rapid drying process. Thus, the gas barrier performance of the composite was higher than that of the traditional dry blend by 42.9%. The tensile strength of the prepared composite was higher than that of the traditional blend by 9%, and the aging coefficient of the fabricated composite was higher than that of the traditional blend by 45.5%. Herein, a new environmentally friendly and energy-saving method has been proposed for the fabrication of natural rubber composites characterized by excellent gas-tightness using natural mineral resources.
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Food Packaging and Shelf Life
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2023
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IF 8
Liping Zhou,Mingda Hao,Tiantian Min,Xiaochun Bian,Haiyu Du,Xiaoli Sun,Zhu Zhu,Yongqiang Wen
This study aimed to develop an antimicrobial food preservation material based on kaolin (KL) encapsulated with thyme essential oil (TEO). The release of TEO in the TEO/KL composite was controlled by the relative humidity inside of food packaging. The morphology and element distribution of TEO/KL composites were determined with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer. The release profiles illustrated that the release of TEO accelerated with the increase of relative humidity (30%, 60% and 90%) due to the high porosity and hydrophilicity of KL. The antimicrobial results illustrated that the activity of Escherichia coli ( E. coli ), Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) and Botrytis cinerea ( B. cinerea ) remarkably reduced after treating with the TEO/KL composite (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg), and the inhibition rate reached over 99%. The cytotoxicity assays demonstrated good biocompatibility and biosafety of TEO/KL applied to food preservation. This composite also exhibited a desirable preservation effect on strawberries and grapes and displayed great potential in food industry.
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JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 6.4
Huan Wang,Jia Xin,Xilai Zheng,Yunhai Fang,Mingmin Zhao,Tianyuan Zheng
Artificial recharge of groundwater is an effective technology for solving the shortage of water resources. The clogging of porous media is a bottleneck that limits the application of this technology. In this study, percolation experiments in sand columns were conducted to investigate the influence of different types of biofilms on the deposition of suspended particles and clogging evolution during artificial recharge. A unique aspect of this study is the consideration of biofilms coated on porous media when the clogging mechanisms of suspended particles in porous media are explored. At the end of the recharge process, the relative hydraulic conductivity ( K’ ) of the porous media in descending order was Pseudomonas aeruginosa experimental group (PA) > Bacillus subtilis experimental group (BS) > mixed microbial consortium experimental group (MC) > suspended particle only group (SP). The suspended particles in SP- moved more deeply into the sand column than those in BS, PA, and MC. Electron microscopy, high-throughput sequencing, and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to identify the mechanisms governing clogging evolution under the influence of biofilm existence. The presence of a biofilm not only alters the surface charge and physical roughness of the porous media, but also affects the electrostatic interaction between the porous media and suspended particles. Biofilms combine tightly with suspended particles by binding and adhesion, which can form tight biofilm-particle aggregations. Compared with deposition of particle-only in SP, the biofilm-particle aggregations on the surface of the porous media are more firm. The biofilm coated on the surface of porous media occupied the pore vacancy and narrowed the void space compared with that in clean sand, which induced physical straining. As the thickness of biofilm coated on the sand surface increased, the more suspended particles were deposited on the sand surface in PA. These findings provide insights into clogging under the influence of biofilms and have implications for future field-based artificial recharge.
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Journal of Physical Chemistry C
·
2023
·
IF 3.7
Yijie Wang,Zhixin Chen,Liming Hu
Specific surface area is an important property of porous materials and a crucial index in multiple disciplines, which is mainly measured using nitrogen isotherms and the Brunauer–Emmett-Teller (BET) equation. The BET surface area is remarkably higher than the geometric surface area, which is defined as the surface area of the crystal geometry structure. However, many studies directly use the BET surface area as the geometric surface area. We proposed a simple, general, and accurate method that only needs the nitrogen adsorption isotherm as the input to calculate the geometric surface area of mesoporous materials. The proposed method considers the adsorptive potential influences and the physical state of adsorbed nitrogen in estimating the surface area. We utilized 18 isotherms generated by molecular simulations and actual experiments to cover a wide range of materials, including minerals, catalysts, and carbon-based tubes, and validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Our results showed that the surface area determined by the proposed method is almost identical to the referenced geometric area. The surface area obtained by the proposed method can be typically considered a geometric surface area.
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ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 2.8
Qian He,Huixia Chen,Haiyan Tang,Jiyuan Sun,Hongbin Xu,You Zhang
The lightweight aggregate ceramsite (LAC) was prepared from by-product sulfate salt slag (BPSS) of high-salt organic wastewater with fly ash. The BPSS fixation rate, leaching toxicity, morphological structures and potential environmental risks of heavy metals in LAC were investigated. BPSS can be fixed in LAC when the mass ratio of Fly ash: Kaolin: clay was 7:1:2, the addition of BPSS was 28%, the heating rate was 8°C min−1, and the calcination temperature was 1100°C. The characteristics of the LAC met the requirements for Chinese lightweight aggregate standards (GB/T17431.2-2010). The Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content of the aqueous leaching liquor in LAC was less than 0.5 mg·L−1. And the fixation rate of heavy metal was more than 99%, which meets the requirements of GB 5085.3-2007. The BPSS immobilization mechanisms were mainly related to the formation of new crystal phases, including Leucite (KAlSi2O6), Albite (Na2O·Al2O3·6SiO2), Potash Feldspar (K2O·Al2O3·6SiO2), Jadeite (NaAlSi2O6), Hauyne ([Na,Ca]8[Si,Al]12O24[SO4]2), Nosean (Na8Al6Si6O24SO4), and Sodalite (Na8Al6Si6O24[MnO4]2) by incorporation of heavy metals in high-temperature curing reaction. This work provides an effective method for the harmless treatment and recycling of by-product salt residues from high-salt organic wastewater.
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