JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
·
2015
·Vol. 163
·期 3
·E33
·
IF 3.266
Liwen Hu,Yang Song,Jianbang Ge,Shuqiang Jiao,Jin Cheng
Molten CaCl2 has been considered as significant electrolyte for novel electrochemical metallurgy processes due to high solubility of oxygen anions. Some novel processes based on molten-salt electrolysis of oxides in molten chlorides have been proposed, typically including FFC process and OS process. An inert anode capable of sustained oxygen evolution is crucial for a green and efficient electrochemical de-oxidation process. Herein we report the results of a promising inert anode candidate, who shows an excellent performance. Several techniques including anodic polarization, cyclic voltammetry, Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance have been performed to evaluate the anode behavior of the TiO2·RuO2 anode, revealing that the anode is quite stable during anodic polarization and has a more positive corrosion electrode potential. An in situ analysis of anode gases using the mass spectra proved the capability of the sustained evolution of oxygen at the TiO2·RuO2 anode during electrolysis, meaning that this oxides anode could be a potential candidate as inert anode in calcium chloride–calcium oxide melts for green metallurgical processes, as it showed a nearly negligible solubility of ruthenium dioxide when immersed in the melt and a low rate of corrosion even after long time electrolysis.
研究领域:
冶金学
·
电化学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 8.6
Lingfeng Shen,Ning Sun,Rui Xu,Wei Sun,Li Wang
In this paper, the flotation separation of quartz and feldspar was studied with CaCl 2 as activators and mixed sodium oleate/ dodecylamine (NaOL/DDA) collectors under alkaline condition, and the action mechanism of mixed NaOL/DDA collectors on the quartz and feldspar surfaces were systematically explored. The results of micro-flotation test showed that there were 90.98% quartz and 13.08% feldspar were floated with 0.5 mmol/L CaCl 2 and 2.8 mmol/L mixed NaOL/DDA collectors with molar ratio of 8/1 at pH 10.0. And the artificial mixed minerals flotation manifested these two minerals were able to efficient separation with CaCl 2 and mixed NaOL/DDA collectors at pH 10 ∼ 11. These outcomes indicated that DDA could increase recovery of quartz obviously and reduce about a half dosage of NaOL (from 0.5 mmol/L to 0.25 mmol/L) in flotation under alkaline condition; Meanwhile, mixed NaOL/DDA collectors were able to decreased the flotation separation pH from 12 to 10 on quartz and feldspar. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results revealed that when NaOL collector was added alone, it could adsorb on activated quartz surface but hardly detected on feldspar surface at pH 10. However, they all were found on both quartz and felspar surface when mixed NaOL/DDA collectors were introduced as collectors. Quartz microcrystal balance with dissipation (QCM-D) experiment confirmed that mixed NaOL/DDA collectors showed a higher adsorption mass and more stable adsorption layer on quartz compared with NaOL was introduced as collector alone. In addition, whether CaCl 2 , NaOL or mixed NaOL/DDA, the adsorption mass on quartz sensor were larger than that on feldspar senor, which might cause difference of hydrophobicity on the surface of quartz and feldspar in flotation. The above experiments showed that the mixed NaOL/DDA collectors can significantly improve hydrophobic difference between quartz and feldspar after activating with CaCl 2 and expand the floated pH range of quartz compared with using NaOL as collector alone, which were efficient reagents to separate quartz and feldspar in flotation.
研究领域:
矿物加工
·
表面化学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH
·
2026
·Vol. 98
·期 9
·e70600
·
IF 2.8
Shida Zhang,Xue Han,Mingrui Shao,Sixuan Yang,Yang Song,Rupeng Liu,Xue Shen,Feiyong Chen
Fluoride contamination in water sources poses significant risks to human health and ecosystems, necessitating effective treatment strategies. This study investigates the influence of calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) and the basicity of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) on fluoride removal using PAC-PDMDAAC coagulation. Through systematic jar tests, the effects of varying PAC basicity (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0) and CaCl 2 addition sequences were examined under different fluoride concentrations (1.0, 3.0, and 10.0 mg/L). Results indicate that PAC with lower basicity (B = 0.5) exhibits superior fluoride removal efficiency, showing an increase of 20%–40% compared to PAC (B = 2.0), primarily due to the electro-neutralization mechanism of monomeric aluminum species (Ala). The introduction of PDMDAAC reduced the coagulation performance of PAC, especially at an initial fluoride concentration of 1 mg/L. The fluoride removal rate decreased from 80% to 57% at B = 0.5, from 91% to 62% at B = 1.0, and from 72% to 25% at B = 2.0. The order of adding CaCl 2 affects the removal rate of fluoride, with the CaCl 2 + PAC sequence outperforming the reverse sequence. The study highlights the importance of optimizing coagulant basicity and CaCl 2 dosing order to enhance fluoride removal efficiency, providing valuable insights for water treatment processes. These findings contribute to the development of more efficient and cost-effective coagulation strategies for fluoride removal in water treatment plants. Graphical PAC-based coagulation was optimized for fluoride removal by adjusting CaCl2 dosing sequence and alkalinity. Adding CaCl 2 before or after PAC altered floc formation and aluminum species distribution. PDMDAAC enhanced aggregation under low and high alkalinity, improving contaminant capture and clarifying the treatment pathway for concrete wastewater purification and reuse strategies.
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
MATERIALS SCIENCE IN SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING
·
2025
·
IF 4.6
Jiahao Hu,Wenjin Luo,Yalong Li,Junbo Wang,Shouyuan Hu,Lihao Zhao,Ningyu Zhang,Pei Li,Jie Jiang,Liang Chen
Two-dimensional inorganic salt flakes have attracted increasing attention due to their unique properties and broad prospects for both experimental and industrial applications. However, fabricating these flakes under ambient conditions remains a significant challenge. Here, we present a novel approach for the facile preparation of thin, two-dimensional calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) flakes on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surfaces through solution-based treatment under ambient conditions. The ultrathin CaCl 2 flakes exhibited thicknesses ranging from 1.0 to 6.0 nm, with a predominant thickness of ∼1.5 nm. We further systematically explored the impact of various fabrication parameters, including ambient humidity, salt solution processing time, and pure water wetting duration, on the formation of distinct nanostructures. The ultrathin CaCl 2 flakes exhibit excellent stability under various environmental and vacuum conditions at different temperatures. Notably, piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) measurements reveal that ultrathin CaCl 2 flakes possess piezoelectric properties. Owing to the poor mechanical and adhesive properties of 1.5 nm thick flakes, 4.0 nm thick flakes with enhanced stability were selected for reliable piezoresponse studies, yielding a piezoelectric coefficient of 21.4 p.m./V, exceeding that of most two-dimensional semiconductors. Furthermore, we show the broad applicability of this method by demonstrating that other halides, such as MgCl 2 and CuCl 2 , can also form similar ultrathin flakes. We attribute this phenomenon to the strong cation-π interaction between the cation and the aromatic rings of graphite, which drives the affinity between the cation and the HOPG surface, promoting the formation of ultrathin sheets. Our study provides a straightforward and innovative strategy for the fabrication of ultrathin halide salt flakes, offering valuable insights into the formation mechanism of carbon-based surface nanostructures, and opens new avenues for potential applications of these flakes in coatings, sensors, capacitors, and battery electrodes.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
纳米技术
·
物理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2025
·
IF 7.2
Xinli Gu,Maosong Qiu,Hongxia Xue,Xiangjun Pei,Hua Xiao,Lihong Zhou
s Sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting (SAWH) is an emerging strategy for decentralized freshwater acquisition. Developing advanced materials considering the synergistic effects of chemical composition and physical structure to improve water collection efficiency remains a current research hotspot and challenge. In this study, binary salt double network porous hygroscopic aerogels PAM/SA/FCNT/CaCl 2 /LiCl aerogel (PSFCL) and PAM/SA/FCNT/CaCl 2 /LiCl aerogel without swelling (N-PSFCL) with distinct macroporous scales were synthesized by controlling the swelling condition. The mechanical properties were significantly improved due to the formation of double networks by free radical polymerization and ionic cross-linking. PSFCL with larger pore size synergistically improved salt loading capacity (2.42 g·g −1 ) and water transport efficiency, achieving a water sorption capacity of 5.32 g·g −1 and a sorption rate of 1.89 g·g −1 ·h −1 at 90 % relative humidity, with a desorption rate of 1.01 g·g −1 ·h −1 at 1 kW·m −2 solar radiation intensity. This “trinity” design strategy of high water sorption capacity, rapid sorption-desorption kinetics, and superior mechanical properties provides a promising approach for future multifunctional atmospheric water harvesting gels.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境工程
·
化学工程
·
纳米技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
·
2022
·Vol. 169
·期 5
·052504
·
IF 4.386
Kun Zhao,Kejia Liu
The formation of CaTiO3 during the electro-reduction of TiO2 pellets in CaCl2-based molten salts is unavoidable. So in present paper, the electro-deoxidation of porous CaTiO3 pellets was investigated. Cyclic voltammetry and constant potential electrolysis experiments were conducted to gain insight into the electro-deoxidation mechanism. From the results, two new reduction pathways of the porous CaTiO3 pellets were determined. The main factor influencing the reduction pathways is the porosity. When the porosity is low, CaTiO3 is directly reduced into TiO. With the porosity increases, some CaTiO3 will firstly be reduced into CaTi2O4 and then the CaTi2O4 is further reduced into TiO. The effect of the potential applied on the cathode on the possible reduction limit of the sample was discussed. The results indicated that the more negative the potential is, the faster the deoxidation rate is and the lower the deoxidation limit is. Only when the applied potential is more negative than −1.6 V vs Ag+/Ag, low-oxygen titanium (the oxygen content is lower than 1%) can be obtained in our experimental conditions. In addition, the microstructural kinetics of phase transformations during reduction of the CaTiO3 pellets were also discussed.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
·
2017
·
IF 3.531
Qian He,Jia Ren,Junkai Ren,Kanglei Pang,Zhi Ma,Xingqi Zhu,Rui Song
Crystalline block copolymers tend to display a peculiar and intriguing behavior upon the external additives. In this work, we systematically investigated the self-assembly and crystallization behavior of polymethylene- b -poly (acrylic acid) crystalline diblock copolymer (PM- b -PAA, M 93 A 94 ) in the presence of calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ). When molar ratio between CaCl 2 and constituent deprotonated carboxyl group (COO − ) of M 93 A 94 (n, n = n CaCl2 /n COO − ) increased from 1:2 to 5:1, M 93 A 94 micelle gradually formed hexagonal and reticular aggregation. Further investigation of PM- b -PAA crystalline feature indicated that the crystallization of PM block was initially restrained by coordination interaction between calcium ion (Ca 2+ ) and carboxylate anion (COO − ), and then the crystallization of PM block was promoted when more Ca 2+ was added (n CaCl2 /n COO - reach to 5:1 and 13.5:1). Moreover, the conductivity measurement indicated that, when n (n CaCl2 /n COO − ) = 4, the coordination interaction between Ca 2+ and COO − was saturated, namely CaCl 2 /PAA formed tetradentate complex, and this information concerning the coordination geometry was highly consistent with the simulative calculation.
研究领域:
高分子化学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
·
2022
·
IF 11.889
Zongyu Gao,Dexin Shan,Jiahong He,Tao Huang,Yuan Mao,Haiping Tan,Huiting Shi,Tingzhen Li,Taiping Xie
As every-one knows, cadmium contamination poses a significant and permanent threat to people and aquatic life. Therefore, research on how to remove cadmium from wastewater is essential to protect the natural environment. In this study, agricultural and forestry waste straw sprayed with selenium-enriched foliar fertilizer was prepared as biochar, which was altered by calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) to remove Cd 2+ from water. The outcomes demonstrated that biochar generated by pyrolysis at 700 °C (BC700) had the best adsorption effect. Secondly, pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir adsorption models were used to predict the Cd 2+ adsorption. Finally, electrostatic adsorption, ion exchange, and complexation of oxygen functional groups (OFGs) were demonstrated to be the main adsorption mechanisms. These conclusions indicate that selenium-rich straw biochar is a novel adsorbent for agroforestry waste recovery. Meanwhile, this work will offer a promising strategy for the overall utilization of rice straw.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
农业科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2025
·
IF 6.3
Fei Gao,Bo Liao,Wenmiao Li,Rui Yu
Molten salt electrorefining offers a promising approach for green and efficient recycling of waste cemented carbides. However, the conventional halide-based electrolytes suffer from volatile tungsten halide losses and only recover metallic tungsten, necessitating energy-intensive carburization to recover tungsten carbide (WC). Herein, we propose a novel electrolytic refining and recovery method based on an oxygen-containing CaCl 2 -CaO molten salt electrolyte. The introduction of CaO suppresses the formation of volatile tungsten halides, enabling simultaneous dissolution of carbon (C) and tungsten (W) in the WC-Co anode to non-volatile CaCO 3 and CaWO 4 , respectively. Retention of Co in the anode slime is achieved through controlling anodic potential, realizing component separation. The dissolved CaCO 3 and CaWO 4 are reduced at the cathode, resulting in the generation of WC powder. This work accomplishes the direct recycling of WC from spent cemented carbides without intermediate stages. The composite products of WC and carbon are deposited on the cathodes, of which morphologies are comprised of granular aggregates and flakes. The presence of carbon suppresses the formation of W 2 C and W. However, the residual carbon does not affect hard alloy reprocessing since the W/C ratio can be adjusted via controlled W addition during subsequent alloying. This paper proposes a novel short-process green recycling technology for strategic tungsten resources.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
冶金学
·
电化学
·
回收技术
·
可持续加工
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A
·
2023
·Vol. 65
·期 4
·358-368
·
IF 1
Tiantian Ren,Xu Yuanyuan,Wu Jianning,Meng Guihua,Yang Shengchao,Cui Lin,Liu Zhiyong,Guo Xuhong
Abstract Collecting water from the air could alleviate freshwater shortages in arid regions such as remote and inland areas. However, it is challenging to prepare adsorption materials that have high adsorption and desorption performance using straightforward synthesis routes for water harvesting applications. In this paper, a polydopamine (PDA)@Sodium polyacrylamide carboxymethyl cellulose (PAM-CMCNa)-calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) composite aerogel (PDCA) with a vertical channel was prepared by salt template method and photopolymerization for atmospheric water collection (AWH). The designed vertical channel promotes the rapid transport of water molecules from the atmosphere to the interior of the hydrogel through capillary action. During this process, the hydrogel further expands to prevent the leakage of the internal salt solution, which effectively improves the water vapor adsorption and desorption by hydrogel. Experimental results showed that the hydrogel can absorb 2.78 g/g of water at 90% relative humidity (RH), where 56.3% of the captured water can be desorbed within 60 min of exposure under 1.0 sun light intensity. After 10 adsorption-desorption cycles, the PDCA still possesses excellent water sorption performance. The indoor water collection test showed that the water collection performance reached 2.143 kg/kg day at 90% RH and 25°C adsorption for 12 h and desorption for 6 h. The proposed method for the preparation of PDCA composites can achieve high water harvesting performance over a wide humidity range to enable solar-driven clean water production in remote areas.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
GREEN CHEMISTRY
·
2021
·Vol. 23
·期 5
·2058-2068
·
IF 10.182
Changqu Lin,Chaoqun Chai,Yuanzhang Li,Jiao Chen,Yanyu Lu,Hongli Wu,Lili Zhao,Fei Cao,Kequan Chen,Ping Wei,Pingkai Ouyang
Alkaline earth metal salts are environmentally friendly and economical. They have attracted much attention in the process of biomass conversion, especially for isomerization and dehydration. However, the lack of understanding of the alkaline earth metal-mediated catalytic mechanism prevents the achievement of high HMF yields from glucose or fructose. Herein, we performed experimental and theoretical studies on CaCl2-catalyzed glucose-to-fructose isomerization and fructose-to-HMF dehydration. In CaCl2 solution, the highest fructose yield (33.6%) from glucose can be achieved at 80 °C. Meanwhile, the presence of CaCl2 in fructose-to-HMF dehydration notably improved fructose conversion. A “one-pot” isomerization–dehydration of glucose to prepare HMF was designed and 100% conversion and 52.1% HMF yield were obtained. The CaCl2 solution can be reused for five runs while maintaining catalytic activity without regeneration. Through 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DOSY-NMR and DFT calculations, we concluded that the coordination between the C1/C2 sites of the β-glucopyranose tautomer and CaCl2 promoted the 1,2-intramolecular hydride shift of glucose, thus rapidly converting glucose into fructose. Similarly, Ca2+ can complex with the C2/C6-OH of β-D-fructofuranose and stabilize this tautomer, which easily forms HMF. This is the main reason that CaCl2 can promote the preparation of HMF from fructose.
研究领域:
生物化学
·
可再生能源化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Omega
·
2020
·
IF 2.87
Hao Xu,Lijie Huang,Mingzi Xu,Minghui Qi,Tan Yi,Qi Mo,Hanyu Zhao,Chongxing Huang,Shuangfei Wang,Yang Liu
1-Ally-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Amim]Cl), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and CaCl2 were selected to construct dissolution systems to produce value-added products from pretreatment of waste corrugated cardboards (P-WCCs). The dissolution behaviors of P-WCCs before and after ball milling were studied in different dissolution systems. The regenerated cellulose films were quickly and efficiently prepared via dissolving, regenerating, and pressurized drying. When 4 wt % waste corrugated cardboard was dissolved in [Amim]Cl for 4 h at 90 °C, the regenerated cellulose films featured tensile strengths as high as 59.00 MPa. Adding 40% DMSO and 2 wt % CaCl2 increased the tensile strength of the film to a maximum value of 85.86 MPa. This demonstrates that DMSO improves the ability of WCC to dissolve in ionic liquids; Ca2+ improves the tensile strength and thermal stability of the regenerated cellulose film but reduces its transparency. This work provides a new, simple, and highly efficient way to use WCCs for packaging and wrapping.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）