JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2026
·Vol. 74
·期 33
·26115-26132
·
IF 6.7
Liu Songtao,Zhang Wanting,Zhu Xiyuan,Yang Ziyang,Yang Shuai,Li Linwei,Li Lianshan,Zhu Hong,Lei Renkai,Liu Yulan,Geng Yiming,Chu Xinyan,Li Wangyang,Xu Shu,Ouyang Bo,Wang Bi,Song Wei,Chen Yu,Feng Xu,Yan Jiaxing,Liu Fei,Zhang Feng
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating wheat disease
causing
yield losses and mycotoxin contamination. Phenamacril, a myosin I-targeting
fungicide, has a limited antifungal spectrum. Using structure-based
drug design focusing on M375 in Fusarium graminearum myosin I (FgMyoI), we synthesized 25 phenamacril derivatives. The II-2 emerged as the most potent inhibitor (EC 50 = 0.0077 mg/L against F. graminearum ), with broad-spectrum activity against various phytopathogens. Biochemical
and computational analyses confirmed that II-2 tightly
binds FgMyoI and inhibits its ATPase activity. In vivo tests demonstrated excellent protective and curative efficacy against
FHB in wheat and corn, while toxicity assays revealed low risk to
nontarget organisms. These results identify II-2 as a
promising myosin inhibitor and a novel candidate for FHB management.
This work also provides a foundation for the rational design of myosin-targeting
fungicides against diverse plant fungal diseases.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2026
·
IF 10.4
Yating Cheng,Hang Yu,Longxiang Wang,Guangshuang Tu,Shah Meer Muhammad,Xiaoyuan Gong,Xinyu Lei,Jiarui Dong,Xia Fan,Shuai Wang
Carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde and citral inhibited F. graminearum development and DON production, outperforming SDA. • Three essential oils (EOs) downregulated key TRI genes, whereas SDA paradoxically upregulated TRI11 and failed to effectively suppress DON production. • Three EOs disrupted cell walls, membranes and mitochondrial integrity. • Multi-omics revealed EOs disruption of terpenoid and energy metabolism. • Carvacrol-cinnamaldehyde mixtures reduced wheat crown rot and DON. This study aims to identify eco-friendly essential oils (EOs) with dual antifungal and anti-mycotoxigenic activity against Fusarium graminearum , a destructive cereal pathogen associated with yield loss and deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination, compare their bioactivity and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Among the seven tested EOs, carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde and citral were the most effective, markedly inhibiting mycelial growth, conidial germination, and DON production. These EOs showed greater inhibitory activity than sodium diacetate (SDA), which upregulated key TRI genes. Multi-omics analyses revealed that the tested EOs induced cell wall and membrane damage, mitochondrial dysfunction and perturbations in critical metabolic pathways, including terpenoid biosynthesis and energy metabolism. Wheat seedling assays further demonstrated that carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde and their synergistic combinations substantially reduced crown rot and DON accumulation, whereas SDA exacerbated the disease. These findings identify promising EO candidates and provide a robust scientific basis for developing EO-based sustainable biocontrol strategies against F. graminearum in wheat. Download: Download high-res image (287KB) Download: Download full-size image
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PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 4
Xuemei Lu,Ke Hu,Minggui Ou,Min Li,Xinchun Zhang,Xingyu Zhan,Xun Liao,Ming Li,Rongyu Li
The soft rot disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum leads to a significant reduction in the yield of Dendrobium officinale . However, research into the synergistic inhibitory effect of essential oils in D. officinale is extremely limited. In this study, we systematically investigated the direct and indirect inhibitory activity of carvacrol, citral and their combination against F. oxysporum , and their synergistic inhibitory mechanism. Carvacrol and citral exhibited significant direct and indirect inhibitory activity against F. oxysporum with EC 50 values of 54.37 mg/L and 119.32 mg/L (direct), 18.01 μL/(L•air) and 48.70 μL/(L•air) (indirect). Synergistic analysis revealed that the optimal synergistic toxicity of carvacrol and citral combination (Ca•Ci) against F. oxysporum was 10:1, with co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) of 131.57 and EC 50 value of 44.24 mg/L. Microscopy confirmed that the Ca•Ci led to more significant tip constriction, uneven surfaces and serious rupture of F. oxysporum mycelia than single compound. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that Ca•Ci also caused significant ultrastructural alterations to F. oxysporum , manifesting as cytoplasmic disorganization and partial organellar disintegration. Moreover, Ca•Ci dramatically increased the sensitivity of F. oxysporum to calcofluor white compared with a single compound. Ca•Ci also considerably upregulated the expression of chitinase-related gene ( FOXG _12882) and β -1,3-glucanase-related gene ( FOXG _10637) in F. oxysporum , resulting in higher chitinase and β -1,3-glucanase activity. However, it should be noted that carvacrol exerted a greater contribution than citral. In conclusion, the combination of carvacrol and citral greatly disrupted the cell wall integrity of F. oxysporum , thereby exhibiting a synergistic effect.
研究领域:
植物病理学
·
微生物学
·
植物化学
·
真菌学
·
农业科学
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Journal of Fungi
·
2024
·Vol. 10
·期 9
·622
·
IF 4.2
Yongqing Yang,Yong Wang,Jing Gao,Zhidan Shi,Wenjin Chen,Haiyan Huangfu,Zhengnan Li,Yan Liu
Fusarium crown and root rot (FCRR), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL), is an economically important disease that affects tomatoes worldwide and has become more prevalent in China in recent years. In 2021 and 2022, tomato plants in greenhouses in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, were observed showing symptoms of stunting, premature loss of lower leaves, and root rot. Fungal pathogens were isolated from 20 infected tomato plants and identified based on morphological observation and DNA sequencing. Twelve isolates were consistently identified as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis - lycopersici (FORL) via an analysis of the ITS , TEF- 1α , and pgx4 genes. This is the first report of FORL in Inner Mongolia, China. The isolates were examined for their pathogenicity by inoculating them on tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, and chickpeas. The fungicide sensitivity of the isolates was determined. Effective concentrations for 50% growth inhibition (EC 50 ) were measured using seven fungicides. The EC 50 values of tebuconazole and prochloraz were <1.0 μg·mL −1 , exhibiting the most effective inhibition among the fungicides tested. Additionally, FORL resistance screening of tomato germplasms was performed. One tomato variety was resistant to FORL, and the remaining 43 germplasm lines showed various levels of resistance. The rates of highly susceptible, moderately susceptible, susceptible, and moderately resistant germplasms accounted for 29.55%, 22.73%, 40.91%, and 4.55% of the 44 germplasms tested, respectively.
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MOLECULES
·
2024
·Vol. 29
·期 9
·1996
·
IF 4.2
Yilin Zheng,Yuqi Geng,Wenlong Hou,Zhe Li,Caihong Cheng,Xiuping Wang,Yuedong Yang
The wheat scab caused byFusarium graminearum(F. graminearum) has seriously affected the yield and quality of wheat in China. In this study, gallic acid (GA), a natural polyphenol, was used to synthesize three azole-modified gallic acid derivatives (AGAs1–3). The antifungal activity of GA and its derivatives againstF. graminearumwas studied through mycelial growth rate experiments and field efficacy experiments. The results of the mycelial growth rate test showed that the EC50of AGAs–2 was 0.49 mg/mL, and that of AGAs–3 was 0.42 mg/mL. The biological activity of AGAs–3 onF. graminearumis significantly better than that of GA. The results of field efficacy tests showed that AGAs–2 and AGAs–3 significantly reduced the incidence rate and disease index of wheat scab, and the control effect reached 68.86% and 72.11%, respectively. In addition, preliminary investigation was performed on the possible interaction between AGAs–3 andF. graminearumusing density functional theory (DFT). These results indicate that compound AGAs–3, because of its characteristic of imidazolium salts, has potential for use as a green and environmentally friendly plant-derived antifungal agent for plant pathogenic fungi.
研究领域:
植物保护
·
分子生物学
·
农业科学
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Journal of Fungi
·
2026
·Vol. 12
·期 3
·
IF 4.3
Yihua Liao,Jiayi Shen,Tian Yang,Huijuan Peng,Tingwei Qi,Yan Li,Chengcheng Li
Fusariumhead blight (FHB), caused byFusarium graminearum, is a fungal disease that severely affects wheat. The mycotoxins it produces, such as deoxynivalenol (DON), pose serious risks to human and animal health. In this study, a biocontrol strain, LYH8, was isolated from local sources in Jingzhou, Hubei Province. Plate confrontation assays demonstrated that LYH8 effectively inhibited the mycelial growth ofF. graminearum, with an inhibition rate of 43%, and induced morphological abnormalities such as hyphal swelling and shrinkage. Based on16S rRNAandgyrBgene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, LYH8 was identified asBacillus velezensis. In vivo experiments showed that disease severity in wheat coleoptiles and spikes was significantly reduced by treatment with LYH8 by 75–85%, and the accumulation of DON and its deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G) in grains was decreased by 20–22%. Further transcriptome analysis revealed that it affects pathogen growth by regulating amino acid biosynthesis, ribosomal biosynthesis, carbon metabolism pathways, and the catalytic activities of related genes. In summary, LYH8 significantly controlled FHB through multiple mechanisms, including inhibiting mycelial growth, reducing infection, and blocking toxin synthesis, demonstrating strong biocontrol potential.
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2021
·
IF 5.279
Chuanyu Han,Zhiyin Yu,Yuting Zhang,Zhiyan Wang,Junwei Zhao,Sheng-Xiong Huang,Zhonghua Ma,Ziyue Wen,Chongxi Liu,Wensheng Xiang
In this study, the supernatant extract from fermentation broth of Streptomyces sp. NEAU-H3 showed strong antifungal activity against Fusarium graminearum strain PH-1 in vitro and in vivo. Three known pyranonaphthoquinones were isolated by means of an activity-guided method, and frenolicin B was characterized as the main active ingredient. Frenolicin B displayed strong antifungal activity against F. graminearum strain PH-1 with an EC50 value of 0.51 mg/L, which is lower than that of carbendazim (0.78 mg/L) but higher than that of phenamacril (0.18 mg/L). Frenolicin B could also strongly inhibit the mycelial growth of Fusarium species, including F. graminearum and F. asiaticum, as well as carbendazim-resistant Fusarium strains isolated from field, with EC50 values of 0.25–0.92 mg/L. Results from field experiments showed that the efficacy of frenolicin B in controlling Fusarium head blight at a treatment concentration of 75 g ai/ha was better than those of phenamacril (375 g ai/ha) and carbendazim (600 g ai/ha) or had no significant difference with that of phenamacril (375 g ai/ha) in 2 years. Scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope observations revealed that after treating F. graminearum mycelia with frenolicin B, the mycelia appeared aberrant and had an uneven thickness and swelling, the cytoplasm had disintegrated, and some cell contents were lost. Transcriptome analysis suggests that frenolicin B might inhibit the metabolism of nucleotides and energy by affecting genes involved in phosphorus utilization but did not affect the expression of myosin 5, which is the specific target of phenamacril. These findings indicate that frenolicin B may be a potential agrochemical fungicide for controlling Fusarium head blight.
研究领域:
农业
·
植物病理学
·
微生物学
·
分子生物学
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REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
·
2019
·
IF 3.074
Enming Dong,Ziming Yang,Chuang Zhou,Chao Wang,Sidong Li,Qianqian Ouyang,Lingxue Kong,Zuyu He,Jianghui Xie,Puwang Li,Peihui Yang
In this paper, we synthesized amphiphilic chitosan using one-pot method with the goal to develop delivery system for the natural pesticide spinosad . Chitosan-Isoleucine-Polyethylene glycol methyl ether (CIP) copolymers based nanomicelles (CIPNMs) were prepared by self-assembly with the assistance of ultrasonic treatment and then the spinosad was loaded on the micelles . Sphere-shaped spinosad-loaded CIPNMs (SSD@CIPNMs) with the particle sizes of approximately 454.9 nm were obtained with the CIP co -polymers. The shell of CIPNMs could effectively prevent the photodegradation of spinosad and played a role of protective barrier. In addition, the prepared SSD@CIPNMs not only delayed the release of spinosad but also had a property of pH-responsive. The release rate of SSD@CIPNMs at pH = 6.4 was greater than that of at pH = 7.0. And, the contact angle of SSD@CIPNMs on banana leaves surface was 60.47°, which meant SSD@CIPNMs had a good affinity with banana leaves. Furthermore, SSD@CIPNMs showed higher antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum compared with the unencapsulated spinosad at the same drug dose. This work was contribution to the development of nano-drug carrier systems of natural polymer materials, with a great potential for targeted treatment of banana wilt.
研究领域:
农业科学
·
植物病理学
·
材料科学
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POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 7
Xiuling Meng,Weijie Wu,Ben Niu,Ruiling Liu,Huizhi Chen,Haiyan Gao,Hangjun Chen
Perillaldehyde , the predominant antimicrobial compound found in Perilla , offers a safe and highly efficient solution for the preservation of fruits and vegetables. This study delved into the inhibitory potential of perillaldehyde against Fusarium graminearum , the primary postharvest pathogen affecting ginger. The current research encompassed both in vitro and in vivo investigations. Our results revealed that the minimum inhibitory concentration of perillaldehyde required to combat F. graminearum was 240 µL·L −1 . At this concentration, perillaldehyde exhibited remarkable efficacy in reducing ginger disease rates, with a staggering 99.9% inhibition in mycelium growth. Furthermore, perillaldehyde disrupted the integrity of the fungal cell membrane, hence elevated outer membrane permeability . This resulted in the leakage of proteins, sugars, nucleic acids , and an increase in electrical conductivity within F. graminearum . Notably, perillaldehyde treatment led to a substantial increase in malondialdehyde content in F. graminearum , which was 2.5 times higher than the control group. It also significantly reduced ergosterol content and ATPase activity by 87% and 85%, respectively. The presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased, exacerbating membrane peroxidation damage. Electron microscopy unveiled the transformative impact of perillaldehyde on F. graminearum . Perillaldehyde induced extensive shrinkage, morphological thinning, spatial structure folding, and the leakage of essential cell nutrients, cell wall membranes, and organelle damage. In summary, perillaldehyde's mode of action disrupts the energy supply and metabolism of mycelia, ultimately inducing apoptosis and proving to be a potent inhibitor of F. graminearum . Its application in preserving fresh ginger effectively extended the nutritional quality of the product, demonstrating its potential as an efficient preservative. This biological preservation technique offers convenience over traditional physical methods and addresses concerns related to chemical residue, thereby opening new avenues for ginger green preservation technology.
研究领域:
植物病理学
·
食品科学
·
微生物学
·
农业化学
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PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 4.7
Ke Hu,Rongyu Li,Feixu Mo,Yi Ding,Aiai Zhou,Xue Guo,Ruotong Li,Min Li,Minggui Ou,Ming Li
Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo is a traditional Chinese herbal medicinal plant . However, the frequent occurrence of soft rot disease (SRD) is one of the most harmful diseases in D. officinale production in recent years, which can seriously affect its yield and quality. In this study, the major pathogenic fungus (SR-1) was isolated from D. officinale with typical symptoms of SRD, and was identified as Fusarium oxysporum through morphological and molecular identification. The biological activities of five natural products were determined against F. oxysporum using a mycelial growth inhibition assay. The results showed that osthole had the highest antifungal activity against F. oxysporum , with an EC 50 value of 6.40 mg/L. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that osthole caused F. oxysporum mycelia to shrink and deform. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the organelles were blurred and the cell wall was thickened in the presence of osthole. The sensitivity of F. oxysporum to calcofluor white (CFW) staining was significantly enhanced by osthole. Relative conductivity measurements and propidium iodide (PI) observation revealed that osthole had no significant effect on the cell membrane. Further experiments showed that the activity of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase were decreased, and expression levels of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase related genes were significantly down-regulated after treatment with osthole. In conclusion, osthole disrupted the cell wall integrity and dynamic balance of F. oxysporum , thereby inhibiting normal mycelial growth.
研究领域:
植物病理学
·
药用植物学
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2017
·
IF 3.154
Xiya Zhang,Xuezhi Yu,Kai Wen,Chenglong Li,Ghulam Mujtaba Mari,Haiyang Jiang,Weimin Shi,Jianzhong Shen,Zhanhui Wang
The detecting labels used for lateral flow immunoassays (LFAs) have been traditionally gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and, more recently, luminescent nanoparticles, such as quantum dots (QDs). However, these labels have low sensitivity and are costly, in particular, for trace detection of mycotoxins in cereals. Here, we provided a simple preparation procedure for amorphous carbon nanoparticles (ACNPs) and described multiplex LFAs employing ACNPs as labels (ACNP-LFAs) for detecting three Fusarium mycotoxins. The analytical performance of ACNPs in LFA was compared to GNPs and QDs using the same immunoreagents, except for the labels, allowing for their analytical characteristics to be objectively compared. The visual limit of detection for ACNP-LFAs in buffer was 8-fold better than GNPs and 2-fold better than QDs. Under optimized conditions, the quantitative limit of detection of ACNP-LFAs in maize was as low as 20 μg/kg for deoxynivalenol, 13 μg/kg for T-2 toxin, and 1 μg/kg for zearalenone. These measurements were much lower than the action level of these mycotoxins in maize. The accuracy and precision of the ACNP-LFAs were evaluated by analysis of spiked and incurred maize samples with recoveries of 84.6–109% and coefficients of variation below 13%. The results of ACNP-LFAs using naturally incurred maize samples showed good agreement with results from high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, indicating that ACNPs were more sensitive labels than and a promising alternative to GNPs used in LFAs for detecting mycotoxins in cereals.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
分析化学
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高影响因子
PLANT JOURNAL
·
2026
·Vol. 127
·期 1
·e71016
·
IF 6.2
Mengying Guo,Jing Xu,Yongjiang Zeng,Huili Huang,Weiran Kong,Zhaomei Qi,Huiquan Liu,Ming Xu
SUMMARY Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum , poses a significant threat to global wheat production. F . graminearum -mediated suppression of host immunity is critical for infection, yet the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Fungal chitin deacetylases (CDAs) are known to modify cell wall chitin, a potent microbe-associated molecular pattern, to evade plant defenses. Here, we investigated the CDA family in F. graminearum and identified four secreted paralogs, FgCDA1-4, that are highly induced during wheat infection. Functional analyses confirmed that all four are potent virulence factors, protecting fungal hyphae from degradation by host proteins and suppressing chitin-triggered immunity, including ROS production and callose deposition. Crucially, genetic analysis of single, double, and quadruple deletion mutants revealed a non-additive functional relationship; the virulence defect in multigene mutants was no greater than that of single-gene mutants, pointing to a coordinated mechanism rather than functional redundancy. We subsequently showed through yeast two-hybrid assays, co-immunoprecipitation, and AlphaFold-based structural modeling that FgCDA1-4 physically interact and are likely to assemble into hetero-oligomeric complexes. Our findings uncover a sophisticated immune evasion strategy where F. graminearum deploys a multi-subunit enzymatic complex to ensure robust virulence. This FgCDA complex represents a novel, high-value target for developing durable FHB resistance.
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