Materials
·
2024
·Vol. 17
·期 6
·1299
·
IF 3.1
Xiukun Jiang,Yan Xin,Bijiao He,Fang Zhang,Huajun Tian
Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4, LFP), an olivine–type cathode material, represents a highly suitable cathode option for lithium–ion batteries that is widely applied in electric vehicles and renewable energy storage systems. This work employed the ball milling technique to synthesize LiFePO4/carbon (LFP/C) composites and investigated the effects of various doping elements, including F, Mn, Nb, and Mg, on the electrochemical behavior of LFP/C composite cathodes. Our comprehensive work indicates that optimized F doping could improve the discharge capacity of the LFP/C composites at high rates, achieving 113.7 mAh g−1at 10 C. Rational Nb doping boosted the cycling stability and improved the capacity retention rate (above 96.1% after 100 cycles at 0.2 C). The designed Mn doping escalated the discharge capacity of the LFP/C composite under a low temperature of −15 °C (101.2 mAh g−1at 0.2 C). By optimizing the doping elements and levels, the role of doping as a modification method on the diverse properties of LFP/C cathode materials was effectively explored.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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能源存储
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2020
·Vol. 10
·期 49
·29362-29372
·
IF 3.119
Lingzhu Zhao,Zhipeng Sun,Hongbing Zhang,Yuli Li,Yan Mo,Feng Yu,Yong Chen
Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) is one of the most widely used cathode materials of lithium ion batteries. However, its commercial binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is costly, less environmental-friendly and unstable during the long cycling process because of the weak van der Waals forces between the PVDF binder and electrode materials. Herein, an aqueous binder was designed using methacrylate-modified gelatin through UV photo-crosslinking. The crosslinked network and specific functional groups (carboxyl and amino) of the gelatin binder are superior in stabilizing the LiFePO4 electrode structure during long cycles by mitigating the formation of cracks and suppressing the detachment of electrode materials from the Al current collector. The LiFePO4 electrode with gelatin binder displays a high capacity of 140.3 mA h g−1 with 90.1% retention after 300 cycles at 0.5C, which are both superior to that of the PVDF binder (only 114.4 mA h g−1 and 74.8%). This work provides a promising binder to replace the commercial PVDF binder for practical application in energy storage systems.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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能源存储系统
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2022
·
IF 14.224
Wensong Zou,Jing Li,Ranhao Wang,Jingyi Ma,Zhijie Chen,Lele Duan,Hongwei Mi,Hong Chen
Herein, we converted spent LiFePO 4 battery to the sea urchin-like material (SULM) with a highly efficient and environment-friendly method, which can contribute to building a zero-waste city. With SULM as a Fenton-like catalyst, a highly-efficient degradation process was realized for organic pollutants with interface and solution synergistic effect. In our SULM+NH 2 OH+H 2 O 2 Fenton-like system, NH 2 OH can effectively promote the interface iron ( Fe(Ⅲ)/ Fe(Ⅱ)) and solution iron (Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ)) redox cycle, thus promoting the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the ROS generation process and organic pollutants degradation pathway with the presence of NH 2 OH remains a puzzle. Here the detailed ROS generation mechanism and pollutants degradation pathway have been illustrated carefully based on experimental exploration and characterization. Therein, hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) are the main ROS for oxidizing and degrading organic pollutants. Notably, 1 O 2 can be converted from superoxide radicals (·O 2 ) in SULM+NH 2 OH+H 2 O 2 system. This study not only demonstrates the strategy of "trash-to-treasure" and "waste-to-control-waste" to simultaneously reduce the hazardous release from industrial solid waste and organic wastewater, it also provides new mechanistic insights for NH 2 OH mediated Fenton-like redox system.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
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化学工程
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废物管理
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
WASTE MANAGEMENT
·
2023
·
IF 8.1
Jing Sun,Zhenyu Jiang,Pingshan Jia,Su Li,Wenlong Wang,Zhanlong Song,Yanpeng Mao,Xiqiang Zhao,Bingqian Zhou
The reutilization of spent cathode materials plays a key role in the sustainable development of Li-ion battery technology. However, current recycling approaches generally based on hydro-/pyrometallurgy fail to cater to Co-free cathodes ( e.g. , LiFePO 4 , or LFP) owing to high consumption and secondary contamination. Here, a sustainable process is proposed for the revival of defective LFP cathodes through the synergy of defect-targeted healing and surface modification. Li deficiency and Fe oxidation of cathodes are precisely repaired by solution-based relithiation; meanwhile, 3D-interconnected porous carbon networks (3dC) are in-situ constructed with the intervention of salt template during annealing, which enhances the rate performance and electronic/ionic conductivity, by providing more convenient migration channels for Li ions and controlling carbon hybridization. Nitrogen is also doped via induction of urea to fabricate advanced nanohybrid rLFP@3dC-N. New cells using rLFP@3dC-N as cathode exhibit a reversible capacity of up to 169.74 and 141.79 mAh g −1 at 0.1 and 1C, respectively, with an excellent retention rate of over 95.7% at 1C after 200 cycles. Impressively, a high capacity of 107.18 mAh g −1 is retained at 5C. This novel concepts for Li replenishment and the construction of ion-transfer channels as well as conductive networks facilitate the regeneration of spent LFP and the optimization of its high-rate performance.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源存储
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可持续发展
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电池技术
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回收利用
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
·
2025
·
IF 4.7
Mengnan Zhang,Weilong Hu,Zhongyu Li,Yuanqing Zhang,Hao Zhang,Zao Zeng,Shiquan Wang,Zhijun Ma,Jianwen Liu
The development of sustainable recycling technologies for spent lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) batteries is crucial to address critical challenges in resource scarcity and environmental sustainability. Herein, we present an improved pyrometallurgical method utilizing ammonium bisulfate (NH 4 HSO 4 )-assisted low-temperature roasting for efficient lithium recovery. Through systematic optimization, the roasting of spent LiFePO 4 (S-LFP) cathodes with NH 4 HSO 4 at 300 °C for 3 h followed by water leaching achieves 98.5 % lithium recovery efficiency while maintaining a low iron leaching of 4.6 %. Furthermore, the regenerated LiFePO 4 (R-LFP) cathode material synthesized from recycled FePO 4 and Li 2 CO 3 precursors exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, retaining the discharge capacity of 140.5 mAh g −1 after 200 cycles at 1 C rate. Compared with conventional recycling methods, this process eliminates hazardous acid/base consumption and reduces energy requirements through lower operational temperatures. Our findings provide a practical pathway for closed-loop recycling of LiFePO 4 batteries while addressing both economic viability and environmental concerns in lithium-ion battery sustainability.
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DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Energy Chemistry
·
2024
·
IF 14
Shuzhe Yang,Hao Luo,Yukun Li,Qingqing Gao,Hui Li,Hongwei Cai,Xiaodan Li,Yanfen Wen,Yujin Tong,Tiefeng Liu,Mi Lu
Traditional pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy processes primarily focus on the recovery of valuable metals (Co, Ni, etc.) from spent lithium-ion batteries. However, these methods are not economical for recycling cheap LiFePO 4 . Herein, a synergistic thermal-decomposition and electric-drive strategy is proposed to recover the whole spent LiFePO 4 electrode by in-situ recovering the inactive lithium (dead lithium and trapped interlayer lithium). Firstly, the organic components in the dense solid electrolyte interface (SEI) are effectively decomposed through thermal-decomposition processing, exposing the dead lithium encapsulated within the SEI and recovering the electron channels between the dead lithium and graphite. Leveraging the difference between the Gibbs free energy of the dead lithium and graphite as the driving force facilitates the dead lithium inserting into the anode. Then, fully utilizing the remaining discharge capacity of the spent LiFePO 4 cell, the inactive lithium is reinserted into LiFePO 4 lattice during the electric-drive process. Consequently, the reactivated lithium content increases by more than 16%, reaching a capacity of 134.2 mA h g −1 compared to 115.2 mA h g −1 from degraded LiFePO 4 , allowing for effective participation in the subsequent cycling. This work provides new perspectives on highly profitable cycles with low energy and material consumption and a low carbon footprint.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
WASTE MANAGEMENT
·
2020
·
IF 5.448
Jai Kumar,Xing Shen,Bo Li,Huizhou Liu,Junmei Zhao
To recycle the sharply growing spent lithium-ion batteries and alleviate concerns over shortages of resources, particularly Li, is still an urgent issue. In this work, an organic acids based leaching approach at room temperature is proposed to recover Li and FePO 4 from spent LiFePO 4 cathode powder. The coexistent metal ions, Cu and Al, have also been investigated. Citrus fruit juices, rich in organic acids, such as citric acid and malic acid, have been used as leaching agents in this work. Among lemon, orange and apple, lemon juice shows the best leaching effect based on its suitable pH of the reaction system. Under the optimized conditions, the leaching rates of Li, Cu and Al can reach up to 94.83%, 96.92% and 47.24%, while Fe and P remain as low as 4.05% and 0.84%, respectively. Li 2 CO 3 and FePO 4 can be recovered from the leachate and the leaching residue, respectively. The recovered FePO 4 was used to prepare new cathode material LiFePO 4 . The crystalline carbon, present in the spent LiFePO 4 cathode scraps, has a significant effect on the electrochemical performances of the regenerated LiFePO 4 . The regenerated LiFePO 4 cathode material delivered a comparable discharge capacity of 155.3 mAh g −1 at 0.1C and rate capacity to the fresh LiFePO 4 . For the cycling stability, it displays capacity retention of 98.30% over 100 cycles at 1 C with a fading rate of 0.017% per cycle. The proposed organic acids-based recycling strategy is much benign for recycling the spent LiFePO 4 cathode materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 14.3
Cheng Cheng,Xuan Cao,Zhanqi Xing,Shaochun Tang
Recycling of spent lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 , LFP) cathode materials is an encouraging way of resource reuse to alleviate environmental issues. Nevertheless, traditional regeneration techniques are usually too complicated and difficult to industrialize, especially no longer applicable to severely degraded LFP cathodes. Herein, we report a novel physically confined-domain pressure sintering method for large-scale direct regeneration of severely degraded spent LFP cathodes (less than 20% residual capacity). By constructing physically confined domains, the interface interaction between lithium ions (Li + ) and the cathode is enhanced and the potential barrier during relithiation is thus decreased, facilitating the insertion of Li + into vacancies. The internal residual conductive carbon builds a reduced circumstance to promote the conversion of the Fe (III) to Fe (II) phase and reduce the Li-Fe anti-site (Fe Li ) defects. The broken small particles (heterogeneous phase) are in-situ re-synthesized into complete olivine structures driven by external pressures. The capacity retention of the regenerated LFP cathodes was 88.8% after 1500 cycles at 5 C. This work provides one-step, highly efficient, and scalable technology for direct regeneration of severely degraded LFP into high-performance cathode materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源工程
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering
·
2022
·Vol. 18
·期 1
·e2841
·
IF 1.777
Chunxiang Ma,Xiaoning Wang,Yijun Song,Haoyu Hu,Wei Li,Zhijian Qiu,Yongpeng Cui,Wei Xing
LiFePO 4 is one of the most widely used cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries, and the low-temperature performance of LiFePO 4 -based batteries has been widely studied in recent years. Herein, a 3.5 Ah pouch-type full battery was assembled using LiFePO 4 as the cathode and artificial graphite as the anode. For the LiFePO 4 -based cathode, carbon-coated aluminum foil was selected as the current collector, and a 0D–1D–2D multi-scale conductive network was introduced into the electrode. Notably, both the carbon-coated current collector and novel conductive network could significantly reduce the internal resistance of the LiFePO 4 -based battery, thus improving its electrochemical dynamics and low-temperature performance. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the development of low-temperature LiFePO 4 -based batteries.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 8.6
Tuan Wang,Xinlan Wang,Wei Lyv,Xiaobo Sun,Jinxuan Chen,Enhao Xu,Kaipeng Wu,Yun Zhang
With the large-scale application of LiFePO 4 batteries in electric vehicles and energy storage, the recycling of spent LiFePO 4 cathode materials is receiving increasing attention. Hydrometallurgical derived full-component separation strategy has been verified as the most capable recycling process for LiFePO 4 cathode. During which, complete elements (i.e., Li, Fe and P) are dissolved into a solution of excessive acidic leachate, and subsequently separated to obtain battery-grade FePO 4 ·2H 2 O and lithium salt, enabling high element recovery rates of up to 100 %. However, the use of excessive leaching agent leads to high acidity of the leaching solution (pH < 0.8), which brings a necessary of pH regulation prior to the regeneration of FePO 4 ·2H 2 O, markedly complicating the succedent separation and purification. In this investigation, a practical method for directly regenerating FePO 4 ·2H 2 O from H 2 SO 4 -based full-component leaching solution is proposed. In this process, H 2 SO 4 as leaching agent is used to digest LiFePO 4 completely, and then Fe and P are premeditatedly recovered from the extremely acidic filtrate (pH < 0.8) as FePO 4 ·2H 2 O via direct precipitation without any pH regulator. Consequently, there are no extra impurities affecting the recovery of Fe and P during regeneration. The regeneration behavior of FePO 4 ·2H 2 O under extremely acidic condition are investigated and the growth mechanism is also clarified by monitoring the overall microstructure and phase evolutions. The results demonstrate that the above regeneration is found to be an exponential growth process driven by the quantity of nucleation site, and meanwhile influenced by the dissolution-reprecipitation equilibrium of amorphous iron phosphate. Specifically, the process can be accelerated by introducing FePO 4 ·2H 2 O or amorphous iron phosphate to increase the nucleation sites. Additionally, the primary nanosheet size of regenerated FePO 4 ·2H 2 O causes a smaller primary particle size of the corresponding LiFePO 4 /C material, contributing to its better physical and electrochemical properties. This work provides a guidance for the direct regeneration of FePO 4 ·2H 2 O from excessive acidic leachate and has potential industrial applications.
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
·
2025
·Vol. 172
·期 2
·026501
·
IF 3.3
Guoxin Li,Congshan Guo,Wenjie Lv,Jin Zhao,Zhizhen Lv,Zhihui Chen,Zeyi Meng,Jigui Tang,Jingshu Hui
Cathode-electrolyte interphase (CEI) is critical for inhibiting the cathode degradation to maintain cell life. However, the evolution of the CEI is still unclear due to its complex and slow dynamic process. Here we used scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) for in situ investigation of CEI formation process on LiFePO4 cathode. Feedback images and probe scan curves showed a heterogeneous passivation that was gently generated on the LiFePO4 particles during both charging and discharging. Besides, a LiFePO4 composited electrode was also used to investigate the CEI formation to simulate the condition of real battery system. The composited cathode does not show obvious CEI formation within first two cycles. The SECM results between the pristine LiFePO4 particles and the composited LiFePO4 indicated the dynamic accumulation of CEI, which is influenced by the ability to charge transfer kinetics of cathode materials. This approach provided a feasible consideration for the connections between the dynamic evolution of the CEI and changes in charge transfer capability of cathode during cycling.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CRYSTENGCOMM
·
2016
·Vol. 18
·期 39
·7537-7543
·
IF 3.849
Lingna Sun,Qingwei Deng,Bo Fang,Yongliang Li,Libo Deng,Bo Yang,Xiangzhong Ren,Peixin Zhang
A LiFePO4/C composite was directly synthesized via a simple solvothermal method. Ferric nitrate nonahydrate, Fe(NO3)3·9H2O, was selected as a low cost iron source in the ethanol process and glucose as the carbon source. Through SEM images, it was found that the concentration of the glucose solution has an important influence on the morphology of particles. The samples were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and TEM measurements, showing the formation of graphitic carbon, which is desirable for its contribution to the electronic conductivity. XPS analysis verified that Fe3+ was almost completely reduced to Fe2+. CV (cyclic voltammetry), EIS (electrochemical impendence spectroscopy), and galvanostatic charge/discharge tests were conducted to further study the electrochemical properties of the LiFePO4/C composite. The results reveal that the LiFePO4/C composite with a rodlike shape has the highest specific capacity of 147 mA h g−1 at 0.1C, and the capacity retention remains 100% after 50 cycles.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
·
能源存储
·
纳米结构材料
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复合材料
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）