POLYMER COMPOSITES
·
2026
·
IF 4.9
Shikun Zhao,Kai Xu,Tao Cai,Shuo Lou,Peng Kang,Qi Xin,Hang Zhao,Dali Gao
Achieving optimal fiber impregnation and robust interfacial adhesion is critical for long glass fiber-reinforced polyamide 6 (LGF-PA6) composites. In this study, a high-flow branched PA6 resin was synthesized to enhance impregnation efficiency. A multi-scale interfacial architecture was subsequently engineered using APTES-functionalized fibers and POE-g-MAH compatibilizer. Investigations revealed that loading POE-g-MAH established a robust organic–inorganic interface via covalent and hydrogen bonds dual-mode bonding. Nanomechanical mapping confirmed the formation of a gradient interfacial transition zone of 449 nm, which effectively induced crystallization and refined the crystalline morphology. Consequently, the 30 wt% LGF-PA6 composites achieved peak performance, featuring a tensile strength of 185 MPa and exceptional impact resistance at −40°C, alongside enhanced surface scratch resistance. These findings demonstrate that precise multi-scale interfacial tuning, spanning molecular-level bonding, interphase nanomechanics, and crystalline architecture, represents a pivotal strategy for the design of advanced structural composites targeting lightweight engineering applications. Highlights A high-flow PA6 was developed for efficient impregnation of glass fibers. Multi-scale regulation affects H-bonding, crystallinity, and mechanics. LGF-PA6 shows high strength, impact, and scratch resistance and low fiber float. Structure–interface–property link established across molecular to macro scales.
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
GREEN CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 9.2
Junting Gao,Feng Gao,Ke Liu,Wenxing Chen,Wangyang Lu
In the industrial production of polyamide 6 (PA6), hot water extraction is commonly used to remove monomers (caprolactam, C1) and cyclic oligomers. This cumbersome process hinders the realization of direct melt spinning and results in considerable energy waste. Herein, the occurrence of the cyclization reaction was effectively decreased using long-chain ammonia as a capping agent and reducing the ring-opening temperature. At the same time, the coordination between rare earths and carbonyl oxygen significantly increased the free energy barrier that needs to be overcome for the formation of cyclic dimers (C2) and formed steric hindrance that hinders the attack of terminal amino groups on amide bonds. Under the synergistic effect, the cyclic oligomer and cyclic dimer contents in PA6 were 1.75 wt% and 0.19 wt%, respectively, which were 48% and 76% lower than those in terminal aggregation PA6 (PA6-C, 3.36 wt% and 0.79 wt%), respectively. In order to meet the standard of the total oligomer content in spinning grade PA6, C1 and the partial cyclic oligomer were rapidly removed under high temperature and vacuum. The content of the oligomer decreased to 1.47 wt%, which was less than 2.0 wt% of the spinning requirement, and the relative viscosity increased to 2.53. This is similar to the oligomer content of industrial PA6 with a relative viscosity of 2.47, extracted by hot water (1.53 wt%). In addition, the appearance of the γ-crystal form was conducive to the subsequent processing of PA6 and the saving of energy consumption. The significant increase in the content of terminal amino groups is beneficial for improving dyeing performance. This study provides a new solution for direct melt spinning of PA6 fibers, reducing the entire polymerization process time from 55 h to 10 h and increasing production efficiency by nearly 450%. Eliminating complex hot water extraction steps greatly saved water and energy, with a quantifiable electric energy savings of approximately 32.13% compared to hot water extraction methods.
研究领域:
高分子化学
·
材料科学
·
聚合物工程
·
纤维科学
·
物理化学
·
节能工艺
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER COMPOSITES
·
2026
·
IF 4.9
Hui Fang,Yan Fang,Fangjuan Wu,Xinfeng Fan,Shaowei Guo,Li Huang
Carbon fiber fabric (CFF)/polyamide 6 (PA6) composites suffer from poor interfacial bonding due to incomplete fiber wetting and void formation. This study presents a dual-scale synergistic surface modification strategy combining mild alkaline etching with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) coating. Optimal etching parameters were established at 3 h with 5 wt% NaOH solution at 60°C. The synergistic mechanism operates at micrometer and nanometer scales: alkaline etching creates microscopic grooves and introduces oxygen-containing functional groups, while KH550 coating forms strong covalent Si O C bonds and hydrogen bonding with the PA6 matrix. CFF/PA6 composites were prepared using resin transfer molding (RTM) with in situ polymerization. The optimized K-CFF/PA6 composite exhibited superior mechanical properties: tensile strength of 688.1 MPa (29.6% higher than R-CFF/PA6 composite), Young's modulus of 29.2 GPa (18.7% higher), flexural strength of 472.3 MPa (75.5% higher), and flexural modulus of 23.1 GPa (43.9% higher). Most notably, the composite achieved the lowest porosity (0.498%) among reported materials, with interfacial layer thickness increasing from 540 to 930 nm. Comprehensive characterization confirmed the dual-scale synergistic mechanism. This strategy offers significant advantages over conventional oxidation methods by preserving fiber integrity while achieving superior mechanical performance, rendering it suitable for industrial-scale applications in aerospace and automotive sectors.
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
COMPOSITES COMMUNICATIONS
·
2020
·
IF 4.915
Lanqing Fang,Tingtian Qiu,Quan Yang,Lingqiang Kong,Fei Yan,Mengjie Zhang,Yu Liu,Liu Liu,Yuhui Ao
In this study, a novel UV-resistant hyperbranched polyurethane (HBPU) was designed and processed into a series of waterborne sizing agents for short carbon fiber (SCF). The content of functional groups on the SCF surface was subsequently increased, leading to improvement of the interfacial adhesion of SCF/polyamide6 (PA6) composites. According to the mechanical property results, SCF/PA6 composites with 0.5 wt% sizing agent showed the best reinforcing effect, with the tensile and bending strength increased by 41.4% and 26.4%, respectively. The mechanisms for the enhancement of the interfacial adhesion by sizing agent were investigated. Noteworthy, the mechanical properties of the sizing SCF/PA6 composites remained about 99% after a week of uninterrupted UV aging treatment, indicating the excellent UV resistance of the nTiO 2 grafted HBPU sizing agent.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER COMPOSITES
·
2026
·
IF 4.9
Xuyang Li,Shengtao Dai,Guipeng Quan,Yunhuan Wu,Jiahuai Zhang,Kui Wang,Chuyan Zhang,Yuhui Ao,Zhouyang Zhao,Linghan Xiao
The application of conventional petroleum-based waterborne polyurethane (WPU) sizing agents is constrained by their low solid content and poor stability. There is an urgent need to develop a stable and environmentally friendly sizing agent to address the interfacial issues of carbon fibers (CF). Bio-based sizing agents with high solid content offer an environmentally friendly solution for improving the interfacial properties of carbon fiber (CF) composites. In this study, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MTHF), a biodegradable solvent, was selected as the reaction medium. Epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) and caffeic acid (CA), both derived from renewable biobased resources, were employed as materials to successfully synthesize a hyperbranched waterborne polyurethane sizing agent (GWPU). The synthesis involved integrating a tertiary amine functionality into the branched architecture of epoxidized soybean oil, enabling self-catalytic polyurethane formation without toxic catalysts. Theoretical calculations revealed comparable catalytic activity between the tertiary amine groups and DBTDL. The molecular architecture simultaneously improved the solid content and stability of GWPU. Furthermore, the hyperbranched architecture of GWPU created abundant hydrogen-bonding sites, significantly enhancing the CF-resin interfacial adhesion. At an optimal 1.5 wt% sizing concentration, the CF/PA6 composites exhibited 46.3% and 32.6% increases in flexural strength and modulus, respectively, along with 33.3% (ILSS) and 53.2% (IFSS) improvements compared to unsized CF. These results demonstrate the potential for industrial application of this green polyurethane sizing agent. These findings provide crucial implications for both the synthesis and industrialization of green polyurethane sizing agents. Highlights A bio-based polyurethane sizing agent has been synthesized. The polyurethane sizing agent exhibits autocatalytic properties. The polyurethane sizing agent has a high solid content and good stability. The sizing agent enhances the interfacial properties of the CF composites.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
·
2026
·
IF 7.9
Yanyan CHEN,Yiming LI,Lei FANG,Wei BAO,Kuanjun FANG
This study presents a dual‑scale engineering strategy combining microscale fiber modulation with gradient assembly to overcome the efficiency‑resistance trade‑off in air filters. PA6/PS composite membranes were fabricated via solution blow spinning by embedding three different diameters of PS microspheres into PA6 nanofibers. Larger microspheres induced fiber refinement and a unique “smaller‑pore, higher‑porosity” microstructure, reducing pressure drop while enhancing filtration efficiency. Assembling these tailored layers into a large‑to‑small pore gradient (LMS PA6/PS gradient membrane) enabled sequential coarse‑to‑fine filtration. The optimized membrane achieved higher filtration efficiency (99.98 ± 0.016%) and lower pressure drop (130 ± 1 Pa), delivered a quality factor of 0.067 Pa −1 , which is superior to the homogeneous membrane and N95–8210 respirator, and had an excellent moisture vapor transmission rate of 4715.19 ± 132.45 g/(m 2 ·24 h). Moreover, the LMS membrane showed the slower pressure drop increase during continuous loading compared with 3 M N95–8210, confirming its size‑classified capture mechanism and extended service life. From an integrated pollution control perspective, the prolonged service life reduces material waste, and the spent membrane can be recycled via solvent-based recovery methods, avoiding secondary pollution from direct incineration, offering a viable solution for reducing personal exposure to hazardous particulate matter.
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2019
·
IF 6.309
Jiang Wang,Qi Tang,Xiaoming Ren,Yingkui Yang,Qunchao Zhang,Weiwei Lei,Zhi Li,Tao Jiang,Dean Shi
Selectively dispersed functional nanoparticles within one phase or at the phase interface in polymer composites with co-continuous morphology is the most effective way to reduce the percolation threshold of the nanoparticles . In this study, amino-modified nanosilica particles (mSiO 2 ) have been selectively localized at the interface of the PS/PA6/mSiO 2 composites with co-continuous morphology via reactive extrusion . Styrene maleic anhydride (SMA) with different maleic anhydride (MAH) contents is used as compatibilizers . Nanosilica particles can be induced to the interface of PS and PA6 phases by SMA macromolecules through the chemical reaction between the amino groups on nanosilica particle surfaces and MAH groups in SMA macromolecules. The MAH content of SMA macromolecules has large effect on the distribution of nanosilica particles. When nanosilica particles are premixed with SMA2, whose MAH content is 23 wt% and more compatible to PA6 phase, only ∼26% of the nanosilica particles can be induced to the interface; However, when nanosilica particles are premixed with SMA3, which contains only 8 wt% of MAH and is more compatible to PS phase, nearly 95% of the nanosilica particles can be located at the interface. This work creates a new facile approach to prepare polymer composites where nanoparticles are selectively distributed at the phase interface.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子科学
·
纳米复合材料
·
反应加工
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 9.1
Shengtao Dai,Fei Yan,Jiaming Guo,Mingxin Li,Yanan Zhao,Yu Liu,Liu Liu,Yuhui Ao
On account of environment concerns and the gradually depletion of fossil resources , a hyperbranched waterborne polyurethane (HWPU) serving for sizing agent of carbon fibers (CF) was designed based on bio-based materials. Hyperbranched chain extender named CAG was synthesized by citric acid (CA) and glycerol as HWPU precursor. Tartaric acid (TA) was coordinated with nano titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) through two –COOH groups, which was introduced to HWPU as the chain extender, leading to a significant improvement in ultraviolet (UV)-resistant of the sizing agent. The interfacial performance promotion of CF reinforced nylon 6 (CF/PA6) composites contributed by the HWPU sizing agent were systematically investigated. In contrast to the untreated CF composites , the mechanical performance arrived the best improvement after sizing by concentration of 1.5 wt%, which exhibited a dramatic promote of 44.9% in interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), 58.7% in interfacial shear strength (IFSS) and 43.3% in flexural strength . Extraordinary, the treated CF composites remained over 98% of mechanical performance after a week of unremitting ultraviolet irradiation, signifying the outstanding UV-resistance of the TiO 2 modified HWPU sizing agent.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
复合材料
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Coatings Technology and Research
·
2025
·
IF 2.8
Xu Yangbo,Shen Rulin,Zou Xiangfu,Tang Juntao,Gong Yanling,Wan Wenhu,Guo Haibo
The harsh and complex nature of the marine environment can easily compromise protective coatings and lead to corrosion of the carbon steel substrate. Therefore, a marine anticorrosion coating with synergistically enhanced self-healing, abrasion resistance, and corrosion resistance is studied in this work. Coaxial electrostatic spinning nanofibers with nylon 6 (PA6) as shell and two-component epoxy resin as core were modified with SiO 2 and then embedded in epoxy resin coatings to create self-healing anticorrosion coatings. Tensile test results demonstrated that the PA6 shell nanofibers increased the coating's tensile strength by 15%. Meanwhile, the abrasion resistance of the composite coating with 1%SiO 2 nanoparticle was enhanced by 33%. Tafel polarization curves showed that the inclusion of core-shell nanofibers in the coating resulted in a self-healing ability, with an impressive self-healing efficiency of 99%. Low-frequency impedance modulus of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results demonstrated an improvement of nearly two orders of magnitude compared to the pure epoxy coating. Experiments illustrated that the coatings developed in this study for marine anticorrosion exhibit a synergistic enhancement effect on self-healing performance, abrasion resistance, and corrosion resistance.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
海洋工程
·
防腐蚀技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 2.8
Cailing Gan,Kaikai Shen,Jiahe Nan,Kaixiang Xu,Lichao Yu,Xiaojun Shen,Jipeng Guan
In this study, the Janus nanosheets (JNSs) as compatibilizers have been applied in the immiscible polyamide 6/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (PA6/ABS) blends. In the JNSs, polystyrene (PS) chains and epoxy groups were grafted on the opposite sides successfully where the epoxy functional groups can react with terminal carboxyl/amino groups of PA6 with ring-opening condensation reactions during melt blending. The obtained JNSs with grafting PS and PA6 chains on each side of silica nanosheets can gradually migrate toward and be anchored at the phase interface with amphiphilicity and the pickering effect. The JNSs exhibited higher interfacial selectivity and compatibilization efficiency. At 2.0 wt% JNSs loading, the ABS dispersed phase transformed from spherical to irregular ellipsoidal shapes, likely due to the rigid characteristics of JNSs altering phase interface curvature and consequently modifying the blend's phase morphology. The gas barrier properties of the blending films can be significantly enhanced from 3.10 × 10 −15 cm 3 cm·cm −2 s −1 Pa −1 to 1.70 × 10 −15 cm 3 cm·cm −2 s −1 Pa −1 with 2.0 wt% JNSs due to the irregular dispersed phase structure and the presence of silica nanosheets at the interface. This study investigates interfacial structure and mechanical properties with JNSs compatibilizers, providing new insights for interface compatibilization strategies and construction of functional composites.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子科学
·
化学工程
·
纳米技术
·
复合材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2017
·Vol. 134
·期 36
·45281
·
IF 1.86
Yijian Wu,Hui Zhang,Baoqing Shentu,Zhixue Weng
This work aimed at studying the role of poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO) and polystyrene (PS) in toughening polyamide-6 (PA6)/styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer grafted with maleic anhydride (SEBS- g -MA) blends. The effects of weight ratio and content of PPO/PS on the morphology and mechanical behaviors of PA6/SEBS- g -MA/(PPO/PS) blends were studied by scanning electron microscope and mechanical tests. Driving by the interfacial tension and the spreading coefficient, the “core–shell” particles formed by PPO/PS (core) and SEBS- g -MA (shell) played the key role in toughening the PA6 blends. As PS improved the distribution of the “core–shell” particles due to its low viscosity, and PPO guaranteed the entanglement density of the PPO/PS phase, the 3/1 weight ratio of PPO/PS supplied the blends optimal mechanical properties. Within certain range, the increased content of PPO/PS could supply more efficient toughening particles and bring better mechanical properties. Thus, by adjusting the weight ratio and content of PPO and PS, the PA6/SEBS- g -MA/(PPO/PS) blends with excellent impact strength, high tensile strength, and good heat deflection temperature were obtained. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134 , 45281.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH
·
2021
·Vol. 28
·期 12
·1-9
·
IF 3.097
Li Mengqing,Zhang Yudong,Zhu Fang,Zhao Xinrui,Li Runming,Wang Hongxia,Liu Jichun,Li Xiying,Chang Haibo,Lin Tong
Poly(ε-caprolactone) ( PCL)/polyamide 6 (PA6) composites were fabricated by dispersing PA6 powder into PCL. The SEM results show good dispersion of PA6 in the PCL matrix. Crystallization behavior, crystal structure and spherulitic morphology of pure PCL and the PCL/PA6 composites, as well as their thermal stability and dynamic mechanical properties, were characterized using various techniques including differential scanning calorimeter, X-ray diffraction (XRD), polarized light microscope (PLM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). The PCL/PA6 composite showed increased storage modulus and glass transition temperature (T g ). PA6 powder functions as a heterogeneous nucleate to promote PCL crystallization but does not alter orthorhombic crystal form, crystallization mechanism and thermal stability of PCL.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）