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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES · 2025 · IF 8.5

pH-responsive PAM/Gel/QCS drug-loaded hydrogel with self-healing and antimicrobial properties

Lingqi Deng,Ziqi Xu,Fang Wang,Jiaqi Liu

Natural polysaccharide polymer hydrogels have garnered significant attention in biomedical applications due to their exceptional biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, their practical utility is constrained by inherent limitations such as inadequate mechanical strength and poor toughness. These deficiencies often result in premature drug release and reduced functional longevity when applied in drug delivery systems. To address these challenges, the incorporation of self-healing systems based on dynamic covalent or non-covalent bonds has emerged as an effective solution. In this study, chitosan (CS) was first quaternized (marked as QCS) and then compounded with gelatin and polyacrylamide, using 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) as the model drug. The Fe 3+ @ TA system, formed by adding Fe 3+ and TA, served as a redox initiator to enable free radical polymerization of acrylamide and shorten the preparation time of hydrogel. Ultimately, a smart hydrogel with an interpenetrating network structure was successfully prepared. By adjusting the concentrations of CS and TPP, the regulation of the microstructure and physicochemical properties of the hydrogel was achieved. The results showed that the hydrogel, as a candidate multifunctional dressing, possessed excellent tensile and compressive properties, self-healable capability, and appropriate repeatable adhesion performance. In vitro drug release and antimicrobial assays demonstrated that the hydrogel exhibits pH-responsive release characteristics and effective antimicrobial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli . Comprehensive biocompatibility assessments, including cytotoxicity and hemolysis testing, confirmed the material's biological safety profile. These findings collectively establish the strong and flexible composite hydrogel as a promising platform with extensive potential for drug delivery applications.

CAS / MDL: 3033-77-0 64-75-5
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NANO · 2013 · IF 1.167

SYNTHESIS OF STABLE DISPERSIONS OF WATER-SOLUBLE AND SERS-ACTIVE SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING PAM

JING XIONG,QUNJI XUE,XUEDONG WU

Water-soluble and stable dispersions of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were obtained using a straightforward one-step synthesis method. Polyacrylamide (PAM), a kind of water-soluble polymer with polar amide group, is used as stabilizing agent to prevent the aggregation of Ag NPs in aqueous medium. The successful formation of PAM-stabilized Ag NPs was demonstrated by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In addition, the SERS-active substrate made of Ag NPs was fabricated to enhance the Raman signal of R6G and graphene. The significant SERS effective makes the as-synthesized substrate to be widely used in practical applications for routine SERS analysis and water environment biological monitoring.

研究领域: 纳米材料 · 分析化学 · 光谱学 · 环境监测 · 纳米技术
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RSC Advances · 2020 ·Vol. 10 ·期 32 ·18936-18944 · IF 3.119

Rapid solidification of Portland cement/polyacrylamide hydrogel (PC/PAM) composites for diverse wastewater treatments

Shaoxiong Ye,Pan Feng,Wei Zhang

Cementitious solidification is an effective but time-consuming method for waste disposal, and the incorporation of polyacrylamide hydrogel in Portland cement paste is a simple way to enhance the time-efficiency of cementitious solidification. In this study, a series of Portland cement/polyacrylamide hydrogel (PC/PAM) composites suitable for the wastewater treatment were prepared by a one-pot method and their time-dependent reaction processes, mechanical properties and microstructures were tested. Based on the gelation time method, PC/PAM composites showed great solidification efficiency when treating simulated radioactive liquids, organic dye waste and solutions with strong alkalinity and acidity. At temperatures ranging from 5 °C to 40 °C, it took only a few minutes for these composites to solidify wastes. Also, PC/PAM composites containing wastes had a compressive strength that is more than 2 MPa after reacting for 3 days and were suitable for landfill or secondary treatments. The rapid gelation and sufficient strength development demonstrated that PC/PAM composites have great potential for application in solidifying multi-component wastes, especially in some emergency circumstances.

CAS / MDL: 7647-17-8
研究领域: 环境科学 · 材料科学
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JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION · 2023 · IF 3.6

Sacrificial gelatin of PAM-Alginate-BC hydrogel tube with tunable diameter as nerve conduit

Di Sun

Peripheral nerve regeneration is still one of the biggest challenges, autologous nerve transplantation is the ‘gold standard’ for evaluating its alternative therapy. However, the source of autologous nerves is limited, it is imminent to synthesize a nerve-guiding catheter material with a controllable diameter of a small orifice. Sacrificial gelatin polyacrylamide-Alginate-Bacterial cellulose (PAM-Alginate-BC) hydrogel overcomes poor mechanical properties with tunable diameter. In addition, the PAM-Alginate-BC hydrogel possesses the beneficial properties required for cell scaffolding with surface adhesion ability. The PAM-Alginate-BC materials options have potential applications in peripheral nerve regeneration.

CAS / MDL: 79-06-1
研究领域: 生物材料学 · 神经科学
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Polymers · 2023 ·Vol. 15 ·期 9 ·2108 · IF 5

Sulfonated PAM/PPy Cryogels with Lowered Evaporation Enthalpy for Highly Efficient Photothermal Water Evaporation

Shi-Chang Hou,Dao-Wei Zhang,Jun Chen,Xiao-Xiao Guo,Abdul Haleem,Wei-Dong He

Because of the increasing scarcity of water resources, the desalination of seawater by photothermal evaporation with harvested solar energy has gradually become a popular research topic. The interconnected macroporous cryogel prepared from polymerization and crosslinking below the freezing temperature of the reactant solution has an excellent performance in photothermal water evaporation after loading photothermal materials. In this study, polyacrylamide (PAM) cryogels were prepared by cryo-polymerization and sulfonated in an alkaline solution containing formaldehyde and Na2SO3. Importantly, the evaporation enthalpy of water in sulfonated PAM cryogel was reduced to 1187 J·g−1due to the introduction of sulfonate groups into PAM, which was beneficial to increase the photothermal evaporation rate and efficiency. The sulfonated PAM cryogels loaded with polypyrrole and the umbrella-shaped melamine foam substrate were combined to form a photothermal evaporation device, and the evaporation rate was as high as 2.50 kg·m−2·h−1under one-sun radiation. Meanwhile, the evaporation rate reached 2.09 kg·m−2·h−1in the 14 wt% high-concentration saline solution, and no salt crystals appeared on the surface of the cryogel after 5 h of photothermal evaporation. Therefore, it was evidenced that the presence of sulfonate groups not only reduced the evaporation enthalpy of water but also prevented salting-out from blocking the water delivery channel during photothermal evaporation, with a sufficiently high evaporation rate, providing a reliable idea of matrix modification for the design of high-efficiency photothermal evaporation materials.Keywords:polymeric cryogel;polyacrylamide;photothermal evaporation;evaporation enthalpy;sulfonating modification

CAS / MDL: 109-97-7
研究领域: 材料科学 · 环境科学
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APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE · 2017 · IF 3.387

Simple synthesis of nitrogen-rich polymer network and its further amination with PEI for CO2 adsorption

Fengqin Yin,Linzhou Zhuang,Xianyong Luo,Shuixia Chen

The nitrogen-rich polymer network (MF/PAM) was synthesized through interpenetration between the molecular chains of melamine-formaldehyde resin(MF) and polyacrylamide (PAM), to which the polyethylene imine (PEI) was grafted to obtain solid amine adsorbent (MF/PAM-g-PEI). Compared with MF , the swelling capacity of MF/PAM was greatly enhanced, it could swell rapidly and directly in water. Although the interpenetration of PAM into MF may reduce the porosity of MF/PAM, the CO 2 capture capacity of the solid amine adsorbents (MF/PAM-g-PEI) could still reach 2.8   mmol/g at 273   K. The adsorbents also exhibited promising adsorption kinetics and regeneration performances. The kinetics observation showed that the Avrami model could better descript the CO 2 adsorption process compared with the pseudo-first-order model and pseudo-second-order model. Meanwhile, the Avrami kinetic orders (n a ) range from 1.21 to 1.56, displaying that the both physisorption and chemisorption exist in the adsorption process and the PEI have successfully grafted onto the polymer network, which also can be confirmed by the adsorption activation energy value. After 18 adsorption-desorption recycles, the MF/PAM-g-PEI could preserve its initial capacity without any decrease. Our work provides a new method to achieve promising solid amine adsorbents with higher adsorption capacity and better regeneration performance.

研究领域: 材料科学 · 环境科学
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Surfaces and Interfaces · 2024 · IF 5.7

Construction of robust H2TiO3@PAM hydrogel ion-sieve via in-situ polymerization for Li+ adsorption

Rui You,Zhiyang He,Feng Xue,Shengui Ju

The lithium-ion sieve primarily exists in powder form, which poses challenges such as poor fluidity and permeability, as well as difficulties in recovery. The H₂TiO₃ (HTO) particles were introduced into polyacrylamide (PAM) via in situ polymerization to prepare a tough and porous nanocomposite hydrogel (HTO@PAM). This method effectively addresses the recovery difficulties associated with powdered lithium-ion sieves and, due to the hydrophilic groups in polyacrylamide, enhances the desorption of Li + and improves the adsorption performance. The results show that HTO@PAM-4 is the optimal ratio, with an adsorption performance of 32.8 mg/g. Tensile strength tests using a universal testing machine indicated that HTO@PAM-4 has a tensile strength of 0.19 MPa, demonstrating excellent mechanical properties. Infrared spectroscopy detected the presence of hydrophilic groups (-CONH 2 ) in HTO@PAM, and surface tension measurements showed a water contact angle of 8.9 °, indicating good hydrophilicity. The recyclability of HTO@PAM-4 was investigated, and after six cycles, the adsorption capacity was 25.4 mg/g, which is 77 % of the maximum adsorption performance, demonstrating recyclability. The results indicate that HTO@PAM exhibits excellent mechanical properties, adsorption performance, and recyclability, making it a material with promising practical applications.

研究领域: 材料科学 · 环境工程
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CHEMICAL PAPERS · 2024 ·Vol. 78 ·期 14 ·7943-7950 · IF 2.1

Synthesis of novel photothermal nanomaterial ZnSe-PAM@1 and its treatment of knee osteoarthritis cells

Li Zhigang,Liu Xuzhuo,Wang Chunlong,Song Hanbing,Zhang Jie

In this study, we synthesized zinc selenide (ZnSe)-polyacrylamide (PAM) nanomaterials for their potential application in treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Initially, we characterized the newly prepared material through various techniques including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption–desorption to confirm its identity as the desired product. The results demonstrated that ZnSe-PAM nanomaterial exhibited excellent water solubility, biocompatibility, and stability, along with a large surface area, making it suitable for use as a drug carrier. Subsequently, the material was loaded with the drug 1 to obtain ZnSe-PAM@1. Cellular and thermosensitive experiments were then conducted, revealing that this nanomaterial could facilitate drug release by generating heat, thereby reducing the level of microRNA-146a-5P and blocking the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin/extracellular (PI3K/Akt/mTOR/ERK) signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway, thus alleviating the symptoms of KOA. These findings present a new direction for drug intervention in KOA and highlight the potential of developing ZnSe-PAM nanomaterials as novel drug carriers.

研究领域: 材料科学 · 医学 · 生物技术
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SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY · 2026 · IF 9.1

Biomimetic hybrid PAM-ZnO fog-harvester with cacti-driven wettability gradients for atmospheric water harvesting

Muhammad Numan Nawaz,Sadaf Bashir Khan

Atmospheric water harvesting provides a passive method for generating freshwater in regions with persistent water scarcity. Inspired by the water-collection strategies of cacti, a hierarchical polyacrylamide zinc oxide (PAM/ZnO) composite was developed for efficient water harvesting in arid and semi-arid regions. Incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles within a PAM matrix creates a hydroxyl-rich active site and nanoscale roughness. This lowers the energy barrier for heterogeneous nucleation, mimicking the hydrophobic/philic gradient and spike structure found in cacti spines. These topographies endorsed rapid droplet nucleation, directional coalescence, and transport towards the base. Structural and chemical investigations using XRD, SEM, FTIR, EDX, and XPS confirm the uniform distribution of ZnO, robust polymer-oxidation interfacial bonding, and the development of multiscale roughness, all essential for efficient condensation. Wettability studies indicate a progressive reduction in the water contact angle with increasing ZnO concentration, consistent with enhanced surface hydrophilicity and increased nucleation density. Under controlled fog–flow conditions, the composite exhibits a 6.10 g cm − 2 h − 1 6.10gcm−2h−1 water capture rate, demonstrating improved performance over the pristine PAM system. External stimuli indicate how moderate heating and sunlight further accelerate the evaporation-condensation cycle, increase thermal-induced vapor flux, and maintain continuous droplet collection. The integration of biomimetic spike geometry, ZnO-mediated micro-nano texturing, and stimuli-responsive surface activation establishes a robust materials platform capable of high–efficiency passive water harvesting and provides a scalable strategy for development in low–humidity and high-irradiance climates.

CAS / MDL: 1314-13-2
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Energy & Environmental Science · 2026 · IF 30.5

Synergistic boosting of electrical output of moisture-electric generator based on CCNF-LiCl-PAM hydrogel

Xinpeng Zhang,Jiaxuan Liu,Xinyuan Qu,Ao Shen,Xin Wang

Moisture-electric generators (MEGs) that convert the chemical potential energy of atmospheric moisture into electricity through directional ion diffusion hold great promise in the development of sustainable energy. However, current MEGs still encounter considerable challenges with low electrical output and rapid voltage decay due to an insufficient ion concentration gradient and low-efficiency ion migration. Herein, we develop a high-performance MEG based on a carboxylated cellulose nanofiber (CCNF)/LiCl-embedded polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel (CLP) sandwiched between laser-induced graphene (LIG) and porous Zn electrodes. The incorporation of CCNF into the PAM hydrogel enables an abundance of dissociated ions and efficient ion transport channels. Synergistic enhancement by the hygroscopic LiCl, the functional groups of CCNF, and interfacial reactions at the Zn electrode achieves a strong moisture gradient, high-efficiency ion transport, and continuous ion supply in the CLP-MEG, thus yielding remarkable electrical outputs of 1.92 V and 2.44 mA cm−2 at 60% RH. In particular, the device can maintain an output voltage of 1.34 V, even after 90 days, significantly outperforming most reported MEGs. Furthermore, the integrated CLP-MEGs connected in parallel or in series are capable of powering twelve hygro-thermographs, 3 × 1.0 W lamps, and one smartphone. This work demonstrates a promising strategy to develop high-performance durable MEGs.

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Journal of Materials Chemistry C · 2026 · IF 5.1

A Janus PEDOT/PAM conductive hydrogel enabling dual-function: uric acid detection and mechanical monitoring

Pingping Wu,Qilin Guo,Junchao Liu,Mingwei Chang,Weichao Su,Sijing Zhang,Yuanzhen Zhou

Flexible bioelectronic sensors require materials that simultaneously provide high stretchability, strong tissue adhesion, and efficient signal transduction, and these performances are rarely achieved in conventional conductive hydrogels. Herein, a Janus poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/polyacrylamide (PEDOT/PAM) conductive hydrogel engineered for dual-function sensing is reported, enabling both electrochemical uric acid (UA) detection and human-motion monitoring. The hydrogel integrates an electropolymerized PEDOT layer, which forms an efficient electronic transport pathway, with an MXene-reinforced PEDOT:PSS-PAM network that provides exceptional mechanical and electrochemical performance. Owing to synergistic interactions among PEDOT:PSS, MXene, and PAM chains, the hydrogel achieves ultrahigh stretchability (1045%), robust skin adhesion (>30 kPa), and significantly enhanced conductivity. The Janus structure enables stable, real-time detection of multiple human motions across various joints and subtle muscle activities. Importantly, the UA sensor exhibits sensitive and interference-resistant detection in both PBS and bovine serum, benefitting from MXene-driven charge enrichment and PEDOT:PSS-mediated electrooxidation. This work elucidates the synergistic enhancement mechanism of MXene/PEDOT:PSS hybrids and introduces a dual-functional hydrogel platform that bridges mechanical sensing and biochemical diagnostics, offering strong potential for next-generation wearable and clinical biosensing applications.

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NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY · 2025 · IF 2.5

Dual drug delivery system based on high toughness PAM/Gel hydrogel blended with chitosan microsphere

Fang Wang,Ziqi Xu,Lingqi Deng,Jiaqi Liu

In this study, chitosan (CS) microspheres incorporated with polyacrylamide (PAM)/gelatin (Gel) hydrogel were fabricated using sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as cross-linking agent. The addition of TPP based on the optimal CS microsphere concentration, significantly enhanced hydrogel mechanical properties. Specifically, the composite hydrogel exhibited an elongation at break and tensile strength of 900% and 268.26 kPa, respectively, compared to 135.56 kPa and 419.03% for the PAM/Gel hydrogel. Furthermore, compressive strength at 70% strain was 2.1 times greater than that of the unmodified hydrogel. The composite hydrogel's network structure, rich in non-covalent bonds such as electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds, π-π interactions, and metal coordination bonds, exhibits excellent self-healing and self-adhesion properties. Following 18 hours of self-healing at room temperature, 92.2% of the original tensile strength was recovered. Additionally, the PAM/Gel/CS hydrogels exhibited powerful self-adhesive ability. Even after five bonding cycles to porcine skin, a substantial adhesion strength of 36.43 kPa was maintained, corresponding to 54% of the initial strength. Finally, in vitro studies revealed a controlled and sustained release profile for both 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and Tetracycline hydrochloride (TH) from the composite hydrogel. The observed increase in water uptake under acidic conditions of PAM and chitosan further accelerate drug release. Therefore, this dual-drug delivery hydrogel system, exhibiting excellent mechanical properties, suggests promise for pH-responsive therapeutic applications.

研究领域: 药学 · 材料科学 · 生物医学工程 · 高分子化学 · 药物递送
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