JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2025
·
IF 11.3
Xinmeng Wang,Yanwen Liu,Su Li,Weiyan Wang,Juan Wang
Monitoring biofluids involved in the circulation of pollutants after entering the body is crucial for determining their physical burden and investigating metabolic processes and health risks associated with exposure to these pollutants. Considering the complexity and high viscosity of biofluids, we herein developed magnetically boosted light-driven hydrogel microrobots (HMRs) that exhibit excellent antifouling ability and satisfactory motion speeds of 204, 176, and 92.5 μm/s in unprocessed urine, bile, and whole blood for overcoming sensor passivation and facilitating the mass transfer and target perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) recognition. PFOS is an emerging persistent organic pollutant that is ubiquitous worldwide and may lead to many serious diseases. The HMRs-based electrochemical sensor enables fast (5 min) and ultrasensitive detection of PFOS in urine, bile, and whole blood with detection limits of 0.0147, 0.0155, and 0.0179 fg/mL, respectively. Through the detection of biofluids at different stages after PFOS ingestion, it is found that PFOS mainly circulates in blood and small amounts are excreted through bile and urine, which intuitively confirms that PFOS in the body is difficult to eliminate and helpful for understanding its health threat. Finally, the initial attempt at in-situ detection of intravascular PFOS demonstrates HMRs' future potential in the in-vivo monitoring field.
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ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
·
2025
·
IF 6.1
Yilong Zou,Yu Zhou,Xianglian Wang,Guiqing Gao,Gang Chen,Zhanmeng Liu,Mi Deng,Xueping Huang,Yongming Wu
Concerns regarding the possible health and environmental hazards of sodium p -perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate (OBS), a new substitute for perfluorooctane sulfonate, have been raised by its detection in a range of environmental matrices, animals, and people. Despite its widespread presence, research on the toxic effects and toxicokinetics of OBS remains limited. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to provide the first detailed investigation into how tissue distribution, bioaccumulation, and OBS exposure cause oxidative damage in adult zebrafish. Zebrafish were exposed to OBS at doses of 0, 10, and 100 μg/L for 28 days, following a 28-day depuration phase. Our findings indicate that OBS accumulated rapidly in zebrafish, with log kinetic bioconcentration factor (logBCF k ) values ranging from 2.48 to 2.70 and slow elimination rates ( k e = 0.0490–0.0643 d −1 ). The blood, liver, and muscle were responsible for over 50 % of the total body burden of OBS, with tissue concentrations decreasing in the following order: blood > liver > intestine > gills > gonad > brain > muscle, suggesting a tissue-specific accumulation pattern. Molecular docking analysis showed that OBS exhibited binding energies of −2.71 and −3.82 kcal/mol with organic anion transporter 1 and human serum albumin, respectively. Additionally, chronic exposure to OBS resulted in significant liver damage in zebrafish, including ballooning, cytoplasmic vacuolisation, and oxidative stress. This study provides valuable experimental data on the toxicokinetics and in vivo toxicology of OBS in zebrafish, offering important insights for environmental risk assessments.
研究领域:
环境科学
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毒理学
·
生态学
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JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2026
·
IF 11.3
Wantong Tang,Xin Xiao,Enhui Wu,Kun Wang,Xinfei Ge,Xiaoying Zhu,Chiheng Chu,Baoliang Chen
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent organic pollutants with exceptional stability and significant ecological risk. However, their distribution and accumulation in soil–crop systems, especially for the replacement compound GenX, remain poorly characterized. Here, rice ( Oryza sativa , Nipponbare) was cultivated for five months in paddy soils amended with PFOA, PFOS, and GenX to map fate, bioaccumulation, and toxic responses across the soil–crop system and to derive soil safety thresholds protective of human health. PFAS exposure (10–100 μg/g) altered plant morphology and development and induced dose-linear oxidative stress (SOD, POD, CAT, MDA, H 2 O 2 , protein). Compound-specific translocation emerged: short-chain GenX showed greater upward transport and endosperm accumulation, whereas long-chain PFOA/PFOS were more root-retained (endosperm accumulation in total plant: PFOA 8.973–10.440%, PFOS 9.951–12.800%, GenX 10.286–20.773%). Overall toxic potency ranked PFOA ≥ PFOS > GenX. Based on measured plant uptake, we propose provisional exposure safety thresholds for rice cultivation of 3.157 ng/g (PFOA), 2.327 ng/g (PFOS), and 21.220 ng/g (GenX). This growth-cycle assessment provides an integrated evidence base for PFAS ecological risk evaluation and delivers actionable guidance to safeguard food security.
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ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
·
2021
·
IF 8.071
Ying Pan,Bei Wen,Hongna Zhang,Shuzhen Zhang
With the regulation of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), 6:2 chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFESA) has been used as a potential PFOS alternative in electroplating . In this study, the uptake, translocation and phytotoxicity of PFOS and 6:2 Cl-PFESA in mung bean ( Vigna radiata (Linn.) Wilczek. ) were investigated. The uptake kinetics of PFOS and 6:2 Cl-PFESA fit the Michaelis-Menten equation well, suggesting that the uptake is a carrier-mediated process. The root concentration factor (RCF) of 6:2 Cl-PFESA (34.55 mL g −1 dw) was 1.27 times that of PFOS (27.11 mL g −1 dw), and the translocation factor (TF) of 6:2 Cl-PFESA (0.177) was 1.07 times that of PFOS (0.165). Exposure to 6:2 Cl-PFESA and PFOS both resulted in the inhibition of mung bean seedling development. Treatment with 6:2 Cl-PFESA and PFOS led to the concentration-dependent elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl groups, and phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ-H2AX) levels in mung bean roots. The MDA and carbonyl group contents induced by 6:2 Cl-PFESA were 1.10–1.35 and 1.03–1.14 times, respectively, those of PFOS. The hydroxyl free radical (·OH) levels in mung bean roots after exposure to PFOS and 6:2 Cl-PFESA were elevated significantly, and the ·OH levels induced by 6:2 Cl-PFESA were higher than those induced by PFOS. Hydroxyl free radical levels were positively correlated with the MDA and carbonyl group contents in mung bean roots ( p < 0.05). The dynamic changes in some antioxidative enzyme activities in mung bean seedlings were determined, including peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). The results demonstrated the phytotoxicities of 6:2 Cl-PFESA and PFOS to mung bean in the early developmental stage. 6:2 Cl-PFESA is more harmful to mung beans than PFOS. The production of hydroxyl radical is the mechanism that causes the toxicity of PFOS and 6:2 Cl-PFESA toward plants.
研究领域:
环境科学
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植物生理学
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毒理学
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NEUROTOXICOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 3.4
Miao Zhang,Xueyan Gu,Liu Wu,Nannan Wan,Yu Liu,Zaijun Xin,Tianbing Chen,Shuai Liu,Mingqi Li,Mi Deng,Qiyu Wang
Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) is one of the main residual environmental pollutants that threaten human health. PFOS exposure is positively correlated with the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, the underlying mechanism is unknown. Given that dopamine (DA) is a crucial target for PFOS and that its dysfunction is a key role in ADHD development, it is speculated that PFOS exposure contributes to the occurrence of ADHD to some extent by disrupting DA homeostasis . To establish the relationship between PFOS exposure, DA dysfunction, and ADHD-like behavior , adult zebrafish were exposed to PFOS for 21 days using PFOS concentrations in the serum of patients with ADHD as the reference exposure dose. Results showed that PFOS caused ADHD-like behaviors, with the presence of the slightly elevated percentage of time spent in movement and prolonged time spent in reaching the target zone in the T-maze. Hyperactivity and cognitive ability impairment were more severe with increasing PFOS concentrations. Further investigation showed that PFOS exposure resulted in a decrease in the DA content, accompanied by a decrease in the number of dopaminergic neurons and a disturbance in the transcription profiles of genes associated with the dopaminergic system. Treatment with Ritalin effectively alleviated PFOS-induced ADHD-like behavior and restored DA levels, number of dopaminergic neurons, and expression of DA metabolism-related genes, suggesting that PFOS exposure induced ADHD-like behavior by triggering DA secretion disorder. This study enriches our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying ADHD development and emphasizes the importance of focusing on the health risks pertaining to environmental exposure.
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
·
2018
·Vol. 25
·期 29
·29335-29344
·
IF 2.8
Zhao Shuyan,Yang Qiao,Wang Bohui,Peng Yihong,Zhan Jingjing,Liu Lifen
The effects of combined exposure to perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and heavy metals (HMs) including cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) on earthworms ( Eisenia fetida ) were investigated. The results have demonstrated that the concentrations of labile acid exchangeable Cd, Zn, Ni, Pb, and Cu in soil were enhanced in addition of PFAAs. With PFAAs, the uptake of Cd, Zn, Ni, Pb, and Cu in earthworms was increased compared to those without PFAAs with the order of Cd > Zn > Pb > Ni > Cu. In the presence of HMs, the average biota-to-soil accumulation factors (BSAFs) of PFAAs in earthworms were decreased by 0.498–0.729 times for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and 0.606–0.978 times for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), indicating decrease rates of PFOS were higher than those of PFOA. And different levels of HMs led to insignificant different responses on the inhibiting effects of PFAAs uptake in earthworms. The increase of Cd in fraction C (associated with cytosol) and decrease of PFAAs in fraction C and fraction P (associated with tissue fragments, cell membranes, and intact cells) especially for fraction C were revealed when they were combined, suggesting cytosolic PFAAs and Cd were susceptibly mutual effected. This study indicated that PFAAs and metals mutually affected their bioaccumulation and subcellular distribution in earthworms, which will help to understand the fate and risks of PFAAs and metals in co-contaminated soil.
研究领域:
环境科学
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毒理学
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土壤学
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生态毒理学
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JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2022
·
IF 14.224
Lijie Duan,Jian Wei,Jinshan Wei,Minghao Wang,Yong Wang,Xue Cheng,Mengbin Gu,Xinyi Zhang,Xianghua Wen,Yonghui Song
6:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTS) has been identified as an alternative to perfluorooctane sulfonic acid but has been proven to cause potential threats to humans and the environment. In this study, boron nitride (BN) photocatalysis was explored for 6:2 FTS degradation with 100% removal (k obs =1.8 h −1 ) and desulfurization rate of 100% as well as the defluorination rate of 57.3%. The superior performance of BN was primarily related to oxygen dopants defects (O-dopants). In addition, O-dopants contribution was confirmed by ball-milled BN (B-BN), which introduced more O-dopants and exhibited an increased 6:2 FTS degradation rate of 2.88 h −1 . The decomposition of 6:2 FTS was attributed to holes (h + ), hydroxyl radicals (•OH), and superoxide (•O 2 -) and proceeded via two pathways, the hydrogen abstraction from ethyl carbons by •OH and the C-S bond activation by h + and •OH. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that h + , •OH, and •O 2 - played significant roles in the heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of 6:2 FTS.
研究领域:
环境科学
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化学工程
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材料科学
·
光催化
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2025
·
IF 13.2
Yun Deng,Jiankun Huang,Xingwen Lu,Da Chen,Fei Wang
Due to the limited documentation on thermal treatment of per - and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), this study investigated the thermal degradation behavior, mechanisms, mineralization, and gaseous product toxicity of five environmentally ubiquitous PFAS, including perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA), 6:2 chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonate (F 53B), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluoro-1-decanol (8:2 FTOH). Results showed that thermal stability of PFAS is dictated by their functional groups, presenting a stability hierarchy of sulfonic acid (PFOS, F 53B) > sulfonamide (PFOSA) > carboxylic acid (PFOA) > hydroxyl (8:2 FTOH). Thermal decomposition of these PFAS was initiated with cleavage of bonds connecting the functional group to the perfluorinated chain followed by stepwise chain-shortening reactions, yielding various perfluoroalkanes, perfluoroalkenes, and hydrofluoroalkanes. Calcium hydroxide remarkably enhanced fluorine mineralization into calcium fluoride and suppressed the formation of organofluorinated compounds during PFAS thermal treatment. Toxicity predictions indicated reduced acute toxicity for thermal degradation products compared to parent PFAS, but they still pose potential risks to human health. This implies that optimizing thermal treatment conditions is essential, focusing not only on mineralization efficiency but also on suppressing the formation of harmful by-products. These findings provide a systematic understanding of PFAS thermal decomposition and identify potentially hazardous gaseous by-products.
研究领域:
环境化学
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污染控制技术
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热处理
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毒理学
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废弃物管理
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MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 5.2
Yawen Li,Qinhao Zhou,Like Lin
Magnetic mesoporous carbon microsphere with dual core-shell structure was constructed. • Fe 3 O 4 @PDA@CMS with uniform size and good magnetic separability enables efficient PFOS enrichment. • The material was applied in efficient purification of PFOS in real samples. • PFOS in egg extracts measured very accurately, well matching of the LC-MS/MS result. The accurate determination of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in biological samples is challenging because of its trace concentrations and complex matrix interferences. In this work, a dual core-shell structured magnetic mesoporous carbon microsphere (Fe 3 O 4 @PDA@CMS) with Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles as the carrier and magnetic core, polydopamine (PDA) adhesive layer, and glucose-derived carbon precursor was prepared for the enrichment of PFOS in biological samples. The Fe 3 O 4 @PDA@CMS displayed a uniform size distribution, good monodispersity, and rapid magnetic separation ability, effectively simplifying enrichment and pretreatment. Using Fe 3 O 4 @PDA@CMS for magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) combined with nitrogen-doped carbon dots-based fluorescence analysis, an MSPE-fluorescence method was developed. This method exhibited a linear range of 1.0–120.0 ng/L and a LOD of 0.02 ng/L for PFOS detection. PFOS concentrations in egg extract samples were accurately measured by this method, and the results were consistent with those obtained by LC-MS/MS. This analytical strategy is accurate and simple, and holds promise for the rapid, sensitive determination of PFOS in other complex biological matrices. Download: Download high-res image (123KB) Download: Download full-size image
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ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
·
2018
·
IF 4.358
Shuyan Zhao,Tao Zhou,Lingyan Zhu,Bohui Wang,Ze Li,Liping Yang,Lifen Liu
N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide (N-EtFOSA) is an important perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) precursor (PreFOS) which is used in sulfluramid. The present work studied the uptake, translocation and metabolism of N-EtFOSA in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), soybean ( Glycine max L. Merrill) and pumpkin ( Cucurbita maxima L.) by hydroponic exposure. Except for parent N-EtFOSA, its metabolites of perfluorooctane sulfonamide acetate (FOSAA), perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA), PFOS, perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) were detected in the roots and shoots of all the three plant species examined. This suggested that plant roots could take up N-EtFOSA from solutions efficiently, and translocate to shoots. A positive correlation was found between root concentration factors (RCFs) of N-EtFOSA and root lipid content. Much higher proportion of N-EtFOSA transformation products in plant tissues than in the solutions suggested that N-EtFOSA could be in vivo metabolized in plant roots and shoots to FOSAA, PFOSA and PFOS, and other additional shorter-chain perfluoroalkane sulfonates (PFSAs), including PFHxS and PFBS. The results suggested that plants had biotransformation pathways to N-EtFOSA that were different than those from microorganisms and animals. This study provides important information about the uptake and metabolism of PreFOSs in plants.
研究领域:
环境科学
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植物生理学
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毒理学
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高影响因子
MICROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2024
·Vol. 191
·期 11
·1-11
·
IF 5.3
Xu Yuanyuan,Yin Qingqing,Du Ningjing,Yi Yinhui,Zhu Gangbing
By preparing Cu@CuO aerogel as a nanozyme which exhibits prominent peroxidase-like (POD) activity, an innovative homogeneous electrochemistry (HEC) coupled with the colorimetry dual-model sensing strategy is proposed to detect perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) for the first time. Cu@CuO aerogel accelerates the oxidation process of colorless o-phenylenediamine to form yellow 2,3-diaminophenazinc (DAP), and meanwhile, DAP as an electroactive substance creates a reduction peak current upon the electrochemical measurements. Interestingly, in the presence of PFOS, the POD activity of Cu@CuO aerogel is inhibited since the specific coordination between PFOS and Cu(II) can cover the active sites, resulting in the color of the sensing system becoming light and the peak current of DAP decreasing. This innovative dual-mode detection method showed excellent electrochemical detection of PFOS in the concentration range 10.0 ~ 1125.0 nM with a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 3.3 nM and a LOD of 20.8 nM in the colorimetric detection in the range 62.3 ~ 875 nM. Furthermore, the sensor was successfully used for the analysis of real samples with an RSD value ≤ 6.5%. The successful application of this two-mode sensing method for the determination of PFOS holds promise for the detection of other contaminants in the future. Graphical Abstract
研究领域:
分析化学
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环境科学
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纳米技术
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传感器
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 11.3
Jinchen Jiang,Haixia Meng,Zhenhao Shu,Nannan Zhao,Xiaojun Lin,Jianglan Li,Minjun Qin,Siyu Wu,Lianglin Qiu
As an emerging alternative to perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), 6:2 chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFAES) is associated with male reproductive disorders, yet its testicular targets and mechanisms remain unclear. This study combined in vivo exposure of male C57BL/6J mice (0, 4, 40, and 400 μg/L for 18 weeks) and in vitro assays in primary Leydig cells to demonstrate that 6:2 Cl-PFAES dose-dependently reduced sperm count and serum/testicular testosterone, accompanied by testicular interstitial vacuolation. Transcriptomics and metabolomics demonstrated the concurrent significant enrichment of autophagy pathways and disruption of lipid metabolism. Mechanistically, 6:2 Cl-PFAES suppressed expressions of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), ras-related GTP binding protein 7 (RAB7), and deacetylation of forkhead box class O1 (FOXO1), thereby impairing lipophagy flux and promoting lipid droplets accumulation. Molecular docking indicated comparable binding affinity of 6:2 Cl-PFAES and PFOS to SIRT1 (−10.4 kcal/mol), and further research demonstrated that 6:2 Cl-PFAES reduced the deacetylation activity of SIRT1. Crucially, Sirt1 overexpression in transgenic mice (Sirt1TG) or pharmacological activation of SIRT1 (SRT1720) and RAB7 (ML-098) rescued testosterone synthesis and restored lipophagy flux. This study identifies the SIRT1–FOXO1–RAB7 axis as a core target for 6:2 Cl-PFAES-induced suppression of testosterone biosynthesis via lipophagy dysregulation, providing critical molecular insights for assessing the reproductive risks of PFOS alternatives.
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