MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 4.9
Lixin Ma,Qian Xu,Limei Yin,Caixia Zou,Wei Wu,Chen Wang,Ruiyun Zhou,Zhiming Guo,Jianrong Cai
Fruits are susceptible to fungal infection and propagation during storage and transportation, and carry toxic metabolites of fungi. Patulin (PAT) is a primary mycotoxin contaminant in fruits and their products, with neurotoxicity, teratogenicity and carcinogenicity. The current chromatographic methods have limitations such as time-consuming, high-cost and the need for professional training. For rapid and sensitive detection of PAT, a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) method based on nucleophilic addition reaction was described in this paper. 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP), silver ion, and cysteine (Cys) were successively attached to the surface of the Au-core-Ag-shell nanoparticles to form SERS sensors. PAT reacted with Cys to form a complex covering the surface of the sensor, attenuating the Raman signal from 4-ATP. Combined with the chemometrics algorithms, the hidden spectral information can be extracted effectively. Among these algorithms, the ant colony optimization partial least squares (ACO-PLS) model demonstrated the best predictive performance (R c = 0.9985, RMSEC = 0.0494). The recovery rate of PAT was 96.58 ∼ 101.74 % with the RSD ≤ 1.42 %. HPLC was used to verify the applicability of this SERS method, and the results indicated that the SERS method was consistent with the HPLC method ( p = 0.283 > 0.05). Furthermore, the SERS sensor was not subject to interference from ochratoxins A, alternariol, and the PAT structural analogues. Consequently, the proposed SERS sensor can realize rapid and highly selective detection of PAT, providing a new strategy for the rational design of SERS sensor based on chemical reaction for indirect detection of harmful substances.
研究领域:
分析化学
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食品安全
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光谱学
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纳米技术
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毒理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION
·
2015
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IF 1.849
Ruiyu Zhu,Ting Yu,Shuanghuan Guo,Hao Hu,Xiaodong Zheng,Petr Karlovsky
The effect of a strain of marine yeast Rhodosporidium paludigenum on postharvest blue mold and patulin accumulation in apples and pears stored at 23°C was evaluated. The occurrence and severity of apple and pear decay caused by Penicillium expansum were significantly inhibited by R. paludigenum. However, the application of the yeast at a high concentration (10 8 cells per ml) enhanced patulin accumulation after 7 days of storage; the amount of patulin increased 24.2 times and 12.6 times compared to the controls in infected apples and pears, respectively. However, R. paludigenum reduced the patulin concentration in the growth medium by both biological degradation and physical adsorption. Optimal in vitro patulin reduction was observed at 30°C and at pH 6.0. R. paludigenum incubated at 28°C was tolerant to patulin at concentrations up to 100 mg/liter. In conclusion, R. paludigenum was able to control postharvest decay in apples and pears and to remove patulin in vitro effectively. However, because the yeast induced patulin accumulation in fruit, the assessment of mycotoxin content after biological treatments in postharvest decay control is important. R. paludigenum may also be a promising source of gene(s) and enzyme(s) for patulin degradation and may be a tool to decrease patulin contamination in commercial fruit-derived products.
研究领域:
食品科学
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微生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Toxins
·
2022
·Vol. 14
·期 10
·695
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IF 5.075
Enjie Diao,Kun Ma,Minghua Li,Hui Zhang,Peng Xie,Shiquan Qian,Huwei Song,Ruifeng Mao,Liming Zhang
Patulin (PAT) is one of mycotoxins that usually contaminates apple juice, and it is not easily detoxified by cysteine (CYS) at room temperature due to the highly acidic conditions based on the Michael addition reaction. However, it could be effectively degraded by a heating treatment at 120 °C for 30 min in the presence of cysteine. In our study, a total of eight degradation products (DP A–H) were characterized and identified via liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS) in a negative ion mode, and their structures and formulas were proposed based on their accurate mass data. The fragmentation patterns of PAT and its degradation products were obtained from the MS/MS analysis. Meanwhile, the possible reaction mechanisms involved in the degradation of PAT were established and explained for the first time. According to the relation between the structure and toxicity of PAT, it could be deduced that the toxic effects of PAT degradation products were potentially much less than those of PAT-self.Keywords:patulin;cysteine;degradation product;Michael addition reaction;toxic effectKey Contribution:Eight degradation products of PAT by heat-assisted cysteine under highly acidic conditions were characterized and identified, and their toxic effects were predicted based on their structures. The possible reaction mechanisms involved in the degradation of PAT were established and explained.
研究领域:
食品科学
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毒理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2023
·
IF 13.6
Chao Yang,Zhuo Zhang,Bangzhu Peng
Global warming has increased the contamination of mycotoxins. Patulin (PAT) is a harmful contaminant that poses a serious threat to food safety and human health. Saccharomyces cerevisiae biodegrades PAT by its enzymes during fermentation, which is a safe and efficient method of detoxification. However, the key degradation enzymes remain unclear. In this study, the proteomic differences of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under PAT stress were investigated. The results showed that the proteins involved in redox reactions and defense mechanisms were significantly up-regulated to resist PAT stress. Subsequently, molecular docking was used to virtual screen for degrading enzymes. Among 18 proteins, YKL069W showed the highest binding affinity to PAT and was then expressed in Escherichia coli , where the purified YKL069W completely degraded 10 μg/mL PAT at 48 h. YKL069W was demonstrated to be able to degrade PAT into E-ascladiol. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that YKL069W was stable in catalyzing PAT degradation with a binding free energy of − 7.5 kcal/mol. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that CYS125 and CYS101 were the key amino acid residues for degradation. This study offers new insights for the rapid screening and development of PAT degrading enzymes and provides a theoretical basis for the detoxification of mycotoxins.
研究领域:
食品安全
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生物技术
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微生物学
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蛋白质组学
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分子生物学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
TALANTA
·
2025
·
IF 6.1
Meixin Li,Zongbo Song,Shanshan Li,Mati Ullah Khan,Yongzhi Wang,Yunsi Xu,Shun Wang,Ling Kong,Zhiwei Chen,Feng Sang
Patulin (PAT), a potent mycotoxin commonly found in fruit and vegetable products, represents a critical threat to food safety and public health. Its cytotoxicity arises from the disruption of intracellular signaling pathways and oxidative balance, leading to gastrointestinal impairment, immune suppression, and systemic toxicity. To mitigate these risks, we present a label-free photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensor for ultrasensitive PAT detection, employing an in situ-synthesized Ag 2 S quantum dot (QD)-sensitized BiOI/Bi 2 O 3 heterojunction. The BiOI/Bi 2 O 3 heterostructure enhanced charge carrier separation, while the in situ-anchored Ag 2 S QDs functioned as effective photosensitizers, significantly amplifying the PEC response. Integrated with a PAT-specific aptamer, the sensor demonstrated selective target recognition, achieving a linear detection range from 0.001 to 100 ng/mL and a remarkably low detection limit of 0.56 pg/mL. The aptasensor exhibited high selectivity against structurally similar mycotoxins, excellent stability (94.2% signal retention through 15 on/off light irradiation cycles). Successful PAT quantification in spiked apple juice samples confirmed its practicality for real-world applications. This study establishes a sensitive, cost-effective, and reliable analytical tool for monitoring mycotoxins in food safety protocols.
研究领域:
食品安全
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分析化学
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纳米技术
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生物传感器
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毒理学
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光电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD CONTROL
·
2024
·
IF 5.6
Xinchen Wu,Limei Yin,Shipeng Gao,Ruiyun Zhou,Yang Zhang,Shanshan Xue,Heera Jayan,Hesham R. El-Seedi,Xiaobo Zou,Zhiming Guo
Patulin (PAT), a major contaminant in apples, poses a huge threat to human health as well as the economic sector. There is an urgent need to develop a sensitive, selective, and fast-responsive method to detect PAT in apples. However, one of the main challenges is overcoming the interferences of complex food matrices. In this study, we developed a highly sensitive competitive SERS sensor based on plasmonic nanoparticles modified by aptamers. The study utilized the formation of nanocomposites through aptamer-modified Au@Ag nanoparticles (NPs) and gold nano-stars (AuNSs) to induce high-intensity Raman signals from the SERS tag. Subsequently, in the presence of PAT, the nanocomposites underwent decomposition, evident through the significant decrease in SERS intensity. According to the standard curve established in this study, the detection limit was 0.0281 ng/mL. The competitive sensor was applied to spiked apple fruit and juice samples, indicating a recovery rate ranging from 91.98% to 102.94%. The excellent analytical performances and high sensitivity observed suggest the potential of the plasmonic nanocomposite sensing strategy in detecting PAT in real matrices.
研究领域:
食品科学
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纳米技术
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分析化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FOOD CONTROL
·
2025
·
IF 6.3
Shanshan Xue,Limei Yin,Lixin Ma,Heera Jayan,Usman Majeed,Hesham R. El-Seedi,Xiaobo Zou,Zhiming Guo
As a major contaminant in apples, patulin (PAT) poses a significant threat to human health and the economy. Establishing highly sensitive and accurate quantitative detection methods for PAT is crucial for ensuring food safety and protecting consumer health. Herein, a competitive ratiometric surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) aptasensor was fabricated. 4-Mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) was embedded as an internal standard (IS) within a gold-silver core-shell structure, later assembled onto Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles and coupled with complementary aptamer strands to form magnetic probes. Additionally, an aptamer targeting PAT and the Raman reporter molecule 5,5′-Dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) were anchored onto gold bipyramids (AuBPs), creating reporter probes. The recognition and binding of the target PAT to the aptamer led to the detachment of the reporter probe after magnetic separation, reducing the DTNB signal. Thus, the ratio of SERS peak intensities (I DTNB /I 4-MBA ) quantified PAT demonstrated a linear range of 0.1–200 ng/mL and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.070 ng/mL. The implementation of magnetic separation significantly streamlined the sensor fabrication process, whereas the ratiometric strategy substantially enhanced the reproducibility and stability of PAT detection. Furthermore, this method was successfully applied to the determination of PAT in apples and their products, showing potential for practical applications in food safety.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2020
·
IF 6.306
Manshun Liu,Jing Wang,Xin Wang,Jingke Xu,Linxuan Xie,Huilan Hu,Jing Sun,Tianli Yue,Jianlong Wang
Patulin (PAT) contaminant causes severe food safety issue throughout apple industry. Although adsorption is the feasible approach to remove PAT, the limited adsorption capacity and separation difficulty of most adsorbent is the major drawback that remains to be overcome. Here GO-SH doped aerogel was prepared and used for removal PAT from apple juice. The intrinsic porous of the aerogel and abundant active sites including –COOH, –NH 2 and -SH offered the PAT adsorption capacity of 24.75 μg/mg that superior to most reported adsorbents. Furthermore, it could reduce 89 ± 1.23% PAT in real apple juice without juice quality deterioration and cytotoxicity. Importantly, the aerogel with good mechanical strength and structure stability could endure the complex juice solution so that there was no any residue after convenient separation of the aerogel, which proved that the proposed aerogel was a promising adsorbent to be applied to apple juice industry for PAT removal.
研究领域:
食品安全
·
吸附材料
·
生物技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2019
·
IF 7.65
Yue Qiu,Yuxiang Zhang,Jianping Wei,Yangeng Gu,Tianli Yue,Yahong Yuan
The issue of patulin (PAT) contamination in apple juice has attracted widespread concern. Recently, inactivated yeast based biosorbents have shown great advantages in the removal of toxic contaminants. However, the traditional yeast adsorbents have disadvantages of a limited adsorption capacity in juice and separation difficulty. In the present work, five chemical thiol-functionalization methods were used to increase the PAT adsorption efficiency of yeast cells in apple juice. Thereinto, glutaraldehyde cross-linking increased the thiol (-SH) content of yeast cells to 1.26 mmol g −1 and improved the PAT adsorption capacity of inactivated yeast in apple juice by 150 times. The covalent bonding of -SH and PAT played an important role in the improvement of adsorption capacity. The as-prepared thiol-modification yeast (Y-SH(Gl)) was then embedded in the agar aerogel to obtain Y-SH(Gl)@Agar free of separation. PAT adsorption of Y-SH(Gl)@Agar was consistent with the Freundlich model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Moreover, Y-SH(Gl)@Agar was competent for PAT removal in apple juice and manifested negligible effects on juice quality. Cytotoxicity investigation indicated its good biocompatibility and ignorable food safety risk, thereby demonstrating that Y-SH(Gl)@Agar may be a promising adsorbent material for the control of PAT contaminant in juice.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
生物技术
·
环境化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-Chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment
·
2017
·
IF 2.047
Youwei Yu,Zhefeng Fan
An efficient magnetic sorbent consisting of benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid-loaded magnetic nanocomposite was successfully synthesised for pre-concentration of patulin from apple juice. The prepared magnetic nanocomposite was characterised by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Determination of enriched patulin was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The best adsorption conditions were 40 mg of sorbent, 50 ml of apple juice sample, pH 5, ambient temperature and 25 min; the elution conditions were 500 μl methanol, pH 5, ambient temperature, and 4 min. Under optimised conditions, pre-concentration factor was 100, linearity range was 1–400 μg l–1 of patulin, limit of detection was 0.15 μg l–1 and limit of quantification was 0.5 μg l–1. When samples were determined 20 times, the recovery was 93.9–102.6% and the relative standard deviation was below 5.3%. In terms of proposed procedure, the developed method was successfully applied for patulin detection in apple juice samples.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
分析化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD CONTROL
·
2021
·
IF 5.548
Hualin Guo,Yuhan Sun,Pengfei Ma,Imran Mahmood Khan,Nuo Duan,Zhouping Wang
Patulin (PAT) is a mycotoxin that exists in a wide range and is harmful to human health, which has aroused great attention to food safety. In this study, we established a novel assay to detect food samples contaminated by PAT. First of all, we proposed a truncation protocol based on the secondary structure of aptamer. By removing the stem-loop structure one by one, an optimized truncated PAT aptamer (P-30) was obtained. To the best of our knowledge, the mechanism between PAT and P-30 was elaborated in the assisting of molecular docking and circular dichroism for the first time. Furthermore, we developed a sensitive aptasensor platform to detect PAT in food samples. The aptamer modified with gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) was used as fluorescent probe, and BSA-directed synthesized MnO 2 nanoflakes (MnO 2 NFs) as fluorescence receptor. Additionally, fluorescence signal amplification strategy assisted by DNase Ⅰ successfully improved the sensitivity of aptasensor. The developed assay had a low detection limit of 8.5 ng/L, and can be effectively used in apple and grape juice samples. Thus, the established aptasensor shows a broad application prospect in PAT detection.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
分析化学
·
毒理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FOOD MICROBIOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 4.6
Yiran Wang,Qiya Yang,Kaili Wang,Yue Zhang,Nashwa M.A. Sallam,Hongyin Zhang
Penicillium expansum is a globally significant postharvest pathogen causing substantial economic losses in fruit and vegetable production. Despite the importance of this pathogen to global food security, the regulatory roles of transcription factors - particularly APSES family members - remain poorly characterized in P. expansum . Here, we identified PeStuA, a homolog of the key APSES member StuA, in P. expansum . Targeted deletion of PeStuA resulted in three independent deletion mutants. These mutants exhibited decreased biomass and the lack of the ability to form conidiophores and conidia, accompanied by significantly reduced expression of genes encoding fungal development regulators (BrlA, AabA, WetA, and VosA), confirming the role of PeStuA in fungal growth and development. PeStuA also influences the metabolism of P. expansum in terms of carbon and nitrogen sources. Notably, although Δ PeStuA mutants completely lost patulin production capacity in vitro , only a few genes within the patulin cluster were significantly down-regulated in expression, implying potential new regulatory mechanisms governing patulin production in P. expansum . Furthermore, the Δ PeStuA mutants presented significantly decreased pathogenicity on apple fruits. RNA sequencing analysis demonstrated the global regulatory role of PeStuA in spore development, primary metabolism and secondary metabolism during P. expansum infecting apple hosts. Overall, this study reveals the role of PeStuA and offers new perspectives on the molecular basis of P. expansum , providing a theoretical foundation for developing strategies against fruit diseases and patulin pollution it poses.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）