EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 6.3
Lebing Lian,Xiaotao Bai,Fengguang Jiang,Yongcheng Zhang,Xuan Feng,Min Liu,Quan Zhou
Phthalonitrile resins are widely recognized for their outstanding heat resistance, dielectric properties, and mechanical properties. However, the excessively high melting temperature and narrow processing window constrain their applications in fields such as thermal protection. This study successfully prepared BPL-P resins with enhanced processing, thermal, and mechanical properties by modifying laboratory-synthesized silicone-containing phthalonitrile (BPL) resins with 3-aminophenylacetylene (APA). The alkyne group in APA can self-polymerize to form polyene and trisubstituted benzene structures, and the amino group in APA encourages the conversion of cyano groups into triazine and phthalocyanine. These modifications confer exceptional thermal and thermo-oxidative stability to the resins, with the T d5 of BPL-P2 resin (containing 20 wt% APA) reaching 563.2°C and 522.2°C, respectively. Additionally, the strong solubility and relatively low viscosity of APA significantly enhance the processing performance of the resin. The softening point of BPL-P2 resin decreases from 161°C to 94°C, and its processing window expands from 32°C to 59°C under a viscosity of 1 Pa·s. Moreover, the mechanical properties of the quartz fiber-reinforced composite QF/BPL-P2 were substantially enhanced, with flexural strength increasing from 673.6 MPa to 731.9 MPa at room temperature, and from 115.1 MPa to 358.4 MPa after heat treatment at 400°C for 16 h. These findings broaden the potential applications of phthalonitrile resins in high-end industrial sectors.
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高影响因子
CARBON
·
2025
·
IF 11.6
Yi Li,Qiancheng Liu,Peng Zhao,Qian Zhang,Zhongxiang Bai,Xiaoxiao Li,Yang Yang,Pan Wang,Kui Li,Ying Li,Xulin Yang
Hierarchical porous carbon (HPC) materials hold immense promise for advancing high-performance supercapacitors. However, the development of straightforward and sustainable synthetic routes remains a formidable challenge. This work employs a facile strategy combining low-temperature carbonization with the synergistic effects of chemical activation and salt templating, utilizing phthalonitrile monomer (RPH) as precursors to synthesize N-enriched hierarchical porous carbon. The optimized RKC-1 sample features an advantageous pore size distribution, a large specific surface area of 2079 m 2 g -1 , a N-doping loading of 1.86 %, and a moderate degree of graphitization. The RKC-1 electrode demonstrates a notable level of specific capacitance of 394 F g -1 at 1 A g -1 . Notably, in a two-electrode system at 5 A g -1 , after undergoing 10,000 cycles, the RKC-1 electrode maintains a capacitance retention rate of 80.34 % and achieves a Coulombic efficiency of 99.24 %. These results underscore that the synthesized RPH-based porous carbon demonstrates promising potential for practical applications in advanced energy storage systems.
研究领域:
储能
·
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
电化学
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DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2026
·
IF 7.4
Xiaolu Sun,Shilin Wang,Siyuan Dong,Xi Chen,Xinbo Dong,Yang Wang,Xigao Jian,Cheng Liu
With the rapid development of the aerospace field, higher requirements have been put forward for the heat resistance of thermosetting resins. In this study, an asymmetrical phthalonitrile monomer containing Schiff base moiety (SchB-PN) was synthesized by a two-step method with N -4′-hydroxybenzylidene-4-hydroxyaniline (N-hy) and 4-nitro- o -phthalonitrile. The structure and properties of SchB-PN were characterized by ¹H NMR, 13 C NMR, 1 H- 1 H gCOSY, HRMS, FTIR, XRD, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and rheology. SchB-PN had a relatively low viscosity of 0.179 Pa·s when molten, and due to the presence of imine and cyano groups, SchB-PN resin exhibited self-curing characteristics. Furthermore, SchB-PN resins were cured with different curing agents and curing processes. It was found that SchB-PN-APn-400 resin cured by SchB-PN and p -aminobenzonitrile (APn) at 400 °C demonstrated excellent thermal stability and thermal oxidative stability, with the temperature of 5% weight loss ( T 5% ) of 530 °C in nitrogen and 534 °C in air, and the residual carbon rate was 74.9% at 800 °C in nitrogen atmosphere. The curing mechanism of SchB-PN-APn resin and the cooperative curing mechanism of imine bonds and cyano groups were studied and clarified through FTIR, in-situ infrared technology, SEM and EDS. In addition, the thermal stability and pyrolysis mechanism of SchB-PN were systematically investigated by TGA and TG-FTIR techniques, as well as the compensatory effect of the Schiff base bond breaking and reconnection during the degradation process. The relevant data and analysis results highlight the potential application prospects of SchB-PN-APn resin in aerospace and high-performance engineering fields.
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高影响因子
POLYMER INTERNATIONAL
·
2017
·Vol. 66
·期 6
·876-881
·
IF 2.07
Zuoqiang Wu,Jianhua Han,Nan Li,Zhihuan Weng,Jinyan Wang,Xigao Jian
High curing temperature (including post-curing temperature) and long curing time of phthalonitrile resins make them thermally stable but difficult to process. In this paper, novel mixed curing agents (CuCl/4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS) and ZnCl 2 /DDS) were firstly designed for solving these problems. Bisphenol-based phthalonitrile monomer (BP-Ph; melting point: 228–235 °C) was synthesized and used as the curing precursor. Differential scanning calorimetry results indicated that BP-Ph cured with CuCl/DDS and ZnCl 2 /DDS exhibited curing temperatures close to the melting point of BP-Ph with curing ending temperatures of 225.4 and 287.1 °C, respectively. Rheologic investigations demonstrated obvious curing reactions of BP-Ph occurred with the mixed curing agents at 220 °C. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that BP-Ph cured by CuCl/DDS or ZnCl 2 /DDS maintained 95% mass at 573 or 546 °C, respectively, at a post-curing temperature of 350 °C for 2 h. Reasonable long-term thermo-oxidative stability was also demonstrated. When the post-curing temperature decreased to 290 °C, char yield at 800 °C of BP-Ph cured by CuCl/DDS was 77.0%, suggesting the curing procedure can be milder when using mixed curing agents. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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高影响因子
POLYMER TESTING
·
2021
·
IF 4.282
Yuan Zu,Lishuai Zong,Jinyan Wang,Xigao Jian
The aim of this work was to systematically investigate the kinetics of the curing reaction of branched phthalonitrile resin containing both flexible moiety and rigid aromatic structure in backbones with 4, 4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) as hardener. Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) was mainly utilized with non-isothermal mode at different heating rates. The activation energy and the dependence of the curing activation energy with conversion were calculated and discussed based on Starink methods. Results showed that the curing reaction between branched phthalonitrile resin and 5 wt% DDS was chemistry and diffusion controlled. The predicted curves of autocatalytic kinetic model fit well with the non-isothermal DSC data that was important for predicting curing behavior of other complex phthalonitrile system.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2018
·Vol. 29
·期 7
·1922-1929
·
IF 2.137
Yuanyuan Song,Lishuai Zong,Feng Bao,Guiyang Li,Zuoqiang Wu,Nan Li,Jinyan Wang,Xigao Jian
The effects of inorganic particles such as Al 2 O 3 and B 4 C on the solidification kinetics and heat resistance of phthalonitrile resin were investigated. The properties of the blends and the cured products were tested by rheometer, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results revealed that B 4 C and Al 2 O 3 inorganic particles could prolong the gel time of phthalonitrile resin and broaden the processing window. The curing kinetic analysis showed that the presence of the particles could significantly reduce the curing activation energy of phthalonitrile resins by 72.38 kJ/mol down to 43.03 kJ/mol. Meanwhile, the heat resistance of the phthalonitrile resin was improved. Among them, the blend system combined with 30% B 4 C showed prominent thermoresistance. And while the T d5% weight loss temperature was 600°C, char yield at 1000°C was higher than 86% under nitrogen atmosphere; while the T d5% weight loss temperature was 581°C, char yield at 1000°C was higher than 80% under air atmosphere. Hence, the resulting resins were good candidate matrix of high-temperature structural composites.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 5.8
Zhiyi Guo,Qiufei Chen,Zhicheng Wang,Athar Ali Khan Gorar,Zhongcheng Pan,Jun Wang,Wenbin Liu
A bio-based bisphenol compound (DFA) was prepared using bisphenolic acid and furfurylamine in biomass as raw materials. Then, a bio-based amide phthalonitrile monomer (DFAP) was obtained in an environmentally friendly solvent. Nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) proved the successful synthesis of DFA and DFAP. The curing behavior and curing kinetics of the polymer were studied using FT-IR and differential scanning calorimetry. Calculate the activation energy using the isoconversion method. The SB(m, n) autocatalytic reaction model describing the curing process of poly(DFAP) was modified and fitted by introducing the variable activation energy model. The thermal stability, thermomechanical properties and processing properties of the resin were studied using technologies such as thermogravimetric analyzer, dynamic mechanical analyzer and rheometer. The results show that the prepolymer has a wide processing window and a low melt viscosity. Poly(DFAP) has a high glass transition temperature and excellent thermal stability.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
有机化学
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高影响因子
POLYMER BULLETIN
·
2022
·Vol. 80
·期 1
·725-738
·
IF 2.843
Zhang Huadong,Yan Zhongyi,Yang Zhizhou,Mu Qiuhong,Peng Dan,Zhao Hui
Two low melting point phthalonitrile monomers (EPN and EEPN) containing flexible glycidyl groups were synthesized using hydroxyl-containing phthalonitrile and epichlorohydrin as raw materials. The structures of the synthesized monomers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR) spectra and elemental analysis. Then each of them was blended with 4-(4-aminophenoxy)-phthalonitrile (APPN) and cured to obtain two kinds of amine-catalytic phthalonitrile-based crosslinked polymers. DSC results showed that two blending systems underwent a two-stage polymerization process with the increase of curing temperature. Rheological measurements exhibited that the introduction of glycidyl groups to phthalonitrile resin could greatly improve its processability. Moreover, after thermal cured at 300 ℃, the resulting phthalonitrile resins exhibited excellent mechanical performance, thermal and thermo-oxidative stability.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
·
热能工程
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高影响因子
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
·
2023
·
IF 22.1
Junling Zeng,Wenhao Xie,Ying Guo,Tong Zhao,Heng Zhou,Qiaoying Wang,Handong Li,Zhanhu Guo,Ben Bin Xu,Hongbo Gu
Herein, the magnetic field facilitated electrocatalytic degradation of tetracycline is reported for the first time. A magnetic porous carbonized phthalonitrile resin electrocatalyst has been prepared through directly annealing phthalonitrile monomer, polyaniline coated barium ferrite and potassium hydroxide. The tetracycline degradation percentage (DP%) by such electrocatalyst is significantly increased up to 37.42% under magnetic field with the optimal pH value of 5.0 and bias voltage of 1.0 V ( vs . SCE). The mechanism of this phenomenon is explained by the spin-selective electron removal process in the reaction between metal-oxygen species and tetracycline on the electrocatalyst. The comparison of degradation pathways for tetracycline with and without magnetic field confirms the improvement of tetracycline DP%. This work opens a new direction for the application of an external magnetic field in the electrocatalytic degradation of antibiotics in wastewater.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
材料科学
·
微生物学
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DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Rongxiang Hu,Fenghua Zhang,Lan Luo,Linlin Wang,Yanju Liu,Jinsong Leng
Shape memory polymers (SMPs) with elevated switching temperatures and enduring thermal properties are highly desirable yet challenging in certain aerospace applications. In this study, high-temperature shape memory phthalonitrile resins (SMPNs) were developed using an end-capping strategy with the uniphthalonitrile (UPN) as the end-capping reagent to modulate the density of the cross-linked network. The resultant SMPNs exhibit a glass transition temperature (Tg) at approximately 300 °C, with a shape fixation rate of about 98 % and a shape recovery rate around 97 %. Importantly, these SMPNs also demonstrated exceptional thermal stability, with a thermal decomposition temperature exceeding 445 °C. Additionally, an oxyacetylene ablative test revealed the SMPNs' robust ablative resistance, as the linear ablation rate remained below 0.1 mm/s and the mass ablation rate was less than 0.1 g/s. The commendable shape memory performance and superior high-temperature resistance allowed the SMPNs to successfully undergo the shape recovery process when subjected to a butane flame. Furthermore, after a high-temperature annealing process, the SMPNs exhibited electrical conductivity due to graphitization, even possessing wave-absorbing properties within a specific frequency range. It is foreseeable that these multifunctional SMPNs will have extensive applications in the aerospace sector, given the advancement of smart structures.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
航空航天工程
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DOI
高影响因子
HIGH PERFORMANCE POLYMERS
·
2020
·
IF 1.568
Junjie Hu,Yanhong Hu,Shi Feng Deng,Jia li Zhou,Ning Jiang,Yi Zhu,Ming Sun
A novel silicon-containing phthalonitrile monomer named bis(4-(4′-(4′-phenoxy)phenyl)phenyl)dimethylsilane phthalonitrile (SiBPPN) was successfully designed and synthesized. The chemical structure was characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses, and its molecular weight was determined by mass spectrometry. Its melting point is lower than that of 4,4′-bis(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)biphenyl (BPPN), which has no silicon atom, and its solubility is also much better than that of BPPN. The curing behavior of SiBPPN was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and FTIR analyses in detail. The thermal and thermomechanical properties of the polymer and laminate were studied by thermogravimetric analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis. The results show that the cured SiBPPN (c-SiBPPN) possesses excellent thermal and mechanical properties. Under nitrogen atmosphere, its residual weight ratio at 800°C is 81.5% and the 5% thermal degradation temperature is 546°C. In addition, quartz-fiber (QF)-reinforced c-SiBPPN composites exhibit mechanical properties superior to those of QF-reinforced cured BPPN composites. The interlaminar shear strength and bending strength of the composite are 30.44 and 389 MPa at room temperature, and the interlaminar shear strength and bending strength of the composite are 22.25 and 339 MPa at 300°C.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
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DOI
高影响因子
CARBON
·
2025
·
IF 11.6
Rongxiang Hu,Fenghua Zhang,Lan Luo,Linlin Wang,Yanju Liu,Jinsong Leng
Shape memory polymer aerogels (SMPAs) hold great promise for aerospace thermal insulation but face high-temperature limitations. This study develops a phthalonitrile-based shape memory aerogel (SMPNA) through an in-situ polymerization template method, which exhibits remarkable compression resistance and low thermal conductivity due to its isotropic microporous structures. The shape recovery at high temperatures, based on its shape memory effect, allows SMPNA to provide dynamic thermal protection induced by its thermally driven deformation. The inherent high-temperature resistance of the matrix endows SMPNA with excellent thermal dimensional stability, exhibiting almost no shrinkage at 400 °C. In addition, after thermal treatment exceeds 600 °C, SMPNA undergoes carbonization while retains its microporous structure, thereby possessing excellent microwave absorption performance. The developed SMPNA integrates low-temperature insulation, high-temperature dynamic thermal protection, and microwave absorption capabilities after carbonization, broadening its application prospects. Furthermore, by incorporating multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), the SMPNA composite (SMPNAc) containing 8% MWCNTs exhibits good microwave absorption characteristics that can be modulated via shape memory behavior. Additionally, the microwave absorption performance of SMPNAc remains stable across a broad temperature range up to 400 °C. This work offers new insights for the multifunctional applications of SMPAs in high-temperature environments.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
航空航天工程
·
化学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）