CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Zhenye Fu,Zirui Ma,Jiuhong Liu,Chunhui Li,Chuanmei Liu,Qidong Wang,Liang Song,Qing Yu,Guiqing Cheng,Yuxi Han,Hailong Liu,Zhongwei Wang
In the pursuit of epoxy thermosets with low dielectric properties and excellent flame retardancy, the 2- (diphenylphosphino)-1,4-benzenediol active ester (DPO-HQ-AE). and 10-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide active ester (DOPO-HQ-AE) were synthesized as bifunctional phosphorus-containing active ester flame retardants. The molecular structures of DPO-HQ-AE and DOPO-HQ-AE were characterized by MS, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, 31 P NMR and FTIR. The flame retardancy, thermal stability, crosslink density, water absorption and dielectric properties of active ester cured dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) epoxy resins were investigated. DCPD/DPO-HQ-AE with a phosphorus content of 0.9 wt% passed the UL-94 V-0 test. Meanwhile, DCPD/DOPO-HQ-AE containing 1.2 wt% phosphorus achieved a V-0 rating. DPO-HQ-AE and DOPO-HQ-AE showed noticeable gas-phase flame-retardant mechanism with active phosphorus species in the gas phase of pyrolysis. At the frequency of 1 GHz, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of DCPD/DPO-HQ-AE-0.9 were 2.67 and 0.0042, respectively. Compared with the unmodified epoxy resin , the dielectric loss was reduced by approximately 5.5 times. The as-prepared epoxy thermosets with high thermal stability, excellent flame retardancy, low dielectric properties and low water absorption satisfied the requirements of high-speed and high-frequency encapsulation materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
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电气工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2022
·Vol. 12
·期 14
·8559-8568
·
IF 4.036
Wei-Hua Xu,Shi-Jing Yan,Jian-Qing Zhao
Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and a highly effective 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO)-based flame retardant co-curing agent (D-bp) were chemically introduced into the 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM)/diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy system to create organic–inorganic hybrid epoxy composites with simultaneously improved flame retardancy and mechanical properties. The results revealed that POSS/D-bp/DGEBA hybrid composites exhibited excellent comprehensive performance, in which the V-0 criterion of the UL-94 test was passed and the peak of heat release rate (P-HRR) was significantly decreased from 939 to 371 kW m−2 when the phosphorus content was only 0.25 wt%. The glass transition temperature (Tg) increased by 16.2 °C and obvious improvement in the mechanical properties was also evidenced.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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高分子科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
·
2024
·Vol. 32
·期 7
·3142-3158
·
IF 4.7
Mo Yanping,Cheng Zhiru,Xie Yuhui,Chu Junhan,Xie Shuangyu,Meng Yang,Wu Feng,Feng Dong,Mei Yi,Xie Delong
Flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) has a widespread application across aerospace, furniture and vehicles, while its flammability always arouses severe safety concerns. Herein, a novel, bio-based flame retardant, i.e. polyol (PADEA) that contains phosphorus and nitrogen elements, was successfully synthesized by using phytic acid (a bio-organic acid) and diethanolamine as crude materials. Then, PADEA partially substituted the commercial polyether polyols in the foaming process, during which PADEA reacted in situ with isocyanate to construct an inherently flame-retardant FPUF. Due to the purposive designed P-N synergistic molecular structure, PADEA can serve as a highly efficient intumescent flame-retardant (IFR) system. When 40 php (ca. 21.51wt%) PADEA was added into the system, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the obtained FPUF reached up to 24.1%, achieving a 22.0% increase compared to that of primitive FPUF without PADEA. Moreover, the addition of PADEA can considerably reduce the total number of melt drips in the UL-94 HB rating test. And the cone calorimeter (CC) results demonstrated a 47.08% reduction in total heat release (THR) was achieved as 40 php PADEA was added. At the end, various characterization methods were carried out, revealing the flame-retardant mechanism of PADEA both in condense and gaseous phase. This work highlights a facile and green strategy for designing functional polyol to address the flame-retardant issues of high-performance FPUF. Graphical
研究领域:
高分子科学
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材料工程
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消防安全工程
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绿色化学
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化学合成
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER
·
2021
·
IF 4.43
Hafezeh Nabipour,Xin Wang,Sadia Batool,Lei Song,Yuan Hu
A phosphaphenanthrene-containing vanillin-derived compound (VDG) was synthesized by a one-pot nucleophilic addition reaction from vanillin , 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO), and 3,5‐diamino‐1,2,4‐triazole. The molecular structure of VDG was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and 1 H, 13 C, and 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer. Various loadings of VDG were incorporated into diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) as a co-curing agent together with 4, 4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) to produce an epoxy thermoset . The thermomechanical, thermal and fire-retardant properties of EP thermosets were evaluated by dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94, and cone calorimetry . The results showed that a linear decrease in glass transition temperature with increasing loading of VDG owing to the declined cross-linking density. The cured DGEBA/DDM system with 2.0 wt% of VDG exhibited super anti-flammability in terms of a high LOI value of 37.0% and UL-94 V-0 rating, whereas the cured DGEBA/DDM and DGEBA/DDM with 2.0 wt% of DOPO systems showed no rating in UL-94 test. In addition, cone calorimetry test showed that the cured DGEBA/DDM system with 2.0 wt% of VDG exhibited a reduction of up to 47.5% and 34% for peak heat release rate and total heat release, respectively, compared to the cured DGEBA/DDM system. The enhanced flame-retardant property was attributed to the formation of the compact and continual structure of char layer residue with good thermo-oxidative stability. In addition to good anti-flammability, the cured DGEBA/DDM/VDG thermoset showed antibacterial property against E. coli , with an inhibition zone diameter of 10 mm. Thus, this bio-based co-curing agent could impart flame-retardant and antibacterial performance to epoxy for developing high performance functional thermosetting materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学
·
高分子科学
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消防安全工程
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生物技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2022
·
IF 5.204
Dan Xiao,Meng-Ting Zheng,Fang-Juan Wu,Xiao-Xia Cao,Xing-Fang Huang,Li Huang,Xue-Qing Xiao
Aiming to develop the crystallization and anti-flammability additives for creating high performance PLA, in this paper, a novel multifunctional bio-based furan derivative phenyl P-(N-N'-di-(furan-2-ylmethyl))phosphonamidate (PFPA) is synthesized and then is incorporated into PLA to enhance its comprehensive properties. The low loading of multifunctional bio-based PFPA not only as the nucleating agent increases the crystallinity and crystallization rate for PLA matrix, but also significantly improves anti-flammability properties of PLA. The V-0 classification in UL-94 and LOI result of 30.7 % for PLA with only loading 3 wt% PFPA are achieved. Moreover, the heat release values in cone-calorimeter measurement of PLA/3%PFPA composites are obviously decreased. The anti-flammability mechanism displays that PFPA forms highly-efficient fire-retardant radicals, accelerates heat away, suppresses combustible gases, and enhances stable residual carbon during PLA/PFPA combustion. This work provides a facile and efficient strategy for preparing multifunctional bio-based additives crystallization and fire-safety agent for PLA as well as promises broad application in engineering materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子科学
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可持续化学
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消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2022
·Vol. 33
·期 4
·1190-1201
·
IF 3.348
Yanling Feng,Wei Wu,Zhengyi Wang,Tianyu Zhao
An innovative phosphorus-silicone flame retardant (KAPP-OGPOSS) was prepared by grafting octa (propyl glycidyl ether) polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OGPOSS) on ammonium polyphosphate (APP) through silane coupling agent (KH-550). The chemical structure, morphology, flame retardancy, and mechanism of the obtained materials were comprehensively investigated. TG results demonstrated that EP with 15 wt% KAPP-OGPOSS produced a char residue of 42.6% at 700°C, which is three times that of pure EP. The flame retardant tests showed that the limiting oxygen index value of EP/15 wt% KAPP-OGPOSS was 30.6% (67.7% higher than that of neat EP) and its UL-94 grade reached to V-0 rating. Cone calorimeter testing indicated that the incorporation of 15 wt% KAPP-OGPOSS to EP significantly reduced heat, smoke, CO, and CO 2 release by 79%, 83%, 80%, and 82.5%, respectively. The modification of APP with OGPOSS was also beneficial for the improvement of the char yield and density of char. A flame retardant mechanism was revealed according to the investigation into the char residue. This modified approach provided an innovative yet practical means of enhancing the flame retardant properties of EP.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
·
消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
·
2022
·
IF 5.546
Weiwen Gu,Lifei Wei,Tianyi Ma,Yuhang Wu,Anying Zhang,Jianfei Wei,Rui Wang
2-Carboxyethyl(phenyl) phosphinic acid (CEPPA) is an effective phosphorus-containing flame retardant for PET. However, the release of poisonous and harmful smoke increases when CEPPA is added to PET matrix (CEPPA-PET) during the combustion process. To address this, biomass gelatin-based Carbon Dots (gCDs) was adopted as nontoxic green smoke suppression agent. When the gCDs was copolymerized into CEPPA-PET matrix by in situ polymerization (CEPPA-gCDs-PET), the peak smoke production rate was reduced by 59.38% and the CO yield was decreased by 13.83%. It was found the limited oxygen index of CEPPA-gCDs-PET rose to 31% from 21% and could achieve a V-0 rating in the UL-94 test when the content of gCDs and CEPPA were only 1.0 wt% and 5.0 wt%, respectively. What is more, in comparison with neat PET, the peak heat release rate significantly decreased by 42.66% and the total heat release was reduced by 48.10%, the peak smoke production rate is also reduced by 59.38%. Besides, the tensile strength of CEPPA-gCDs-PET increased by 11.93% for CEPPA-PET. At the same time, the addition of gCDs was beneficial for the improvement of UV resistance for CEPPA-PET, and the transmittance of sleeves prepared from the fiber of CEPPA-gCDs-PET is less than 5% from 240 nm to 400 nm. Thus, a higher efficiency flame retardant, mechanical enhancement and UV resistance system was constructed with only 5 wt% CEPPA and 1 wt% gCDs toward CEPPA-PET copolymer.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
·
阻燃性
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
·
2023
·
IF 5.1
Xiaoyan Sun,Wangxing Lu,Huimin Liu,LiSha Deng,Ru Zhou,Lian X. Liu,Chi-Min Shu,Juncheng Jiang
High-impact polystyrene is a widely-used construction material due to its superior comprehensive performance, but its susceptibility to fire can lead to the production of toxic and harmful gases. To address this issue, a novel, environmentally-friendly microencapsulated nitrogen‑phosphorus‑silicon flame retardant for high-impact polystyrene was prepared in this study. SiO 2 , produced by the hydrolysis condensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate , was used as the wall material, while melamine cyanurate was used as the core material. The microencapsulated nitrogen‑phosphorus‑silicon flame retardant was compounded with high-impact polystyrene and aluminum hypophosphite , and the composites were evaluated for their performance in terms of fire behavior, thermal stability, and morphology of the resulting carbon residues. When melamine cyanurate@SiO 2 and aluminum hypophosphite were added in a 1:4 ratio, the UL-94 rating of L5 reached V -0, and the LOI value increased to 27.0%. The conical calorimeter test results showed that the peak heat release rate of the L5 composite decreased by 78.7% compared to pure HIPS, and the corresponding total heat release rate decreased by 45.7%. Thermogravimetric analysis results illustrated that the amount of carbon residue increased significantly, from 2.46% to 22.26% of pure high-impact polystyrene. These findings indicate that the prepared microencapsulated nitrogen‑phosphorus‑silicon flame retardant is multifunctional, highly efficient, and can be applied to high-impact polystyrene.
研究领域:
材料科学
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聚合物化学
·
消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
·
2022
·
IF 3.78
Qinyong Liu,Xingyu Chen,Guiyang Zhu,Xiaoyu Gu,Hongfei Li,Sheng Zhang,Jun Sun,Xiaodong Jin
A novel integrative supramolecular intumescent flame retardant was fabricated by self-assembly of melamine, p -aminobenzene sulfonic acid and phytic acid and was abbreviated as MAP. After chelation with Fe 3+ or Zn 2+ , the resulted products (MAP-Fe and MAP-Zn) were melt-blended with polylactic acid (PLA) to enhance the flame retardancy of PLA. The fire performance was characterized by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 vertical burning and cone calorimeter tests. The results showed that control PLA was flammable with a low LOI of 20.4%, and it cannot satisfy any UL-94 grade for its severe ignited dripping, whilst the incorporation of 3% MAP-Zn increased the LOI to 29.2％, upgraded the UL-94 rating to V-0, and reduced the peak heat release rate by 18.7%. It was proposed that MAP-Zn mainly promoted the formation of more graphitic carbon in the char residues . In addition, the presence of 3% MAP-Zn slightly reduced the tensile strength of PLA from 64.9 MPa of the control PLA to 60.1 MPa, which met the requirements of most practical applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
·
消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2022
·Vol. 139
·期 31
·e52720
·
IF 3.057
Xiaolong Wang,Weiguang Gong,Xin Meng,Chenyang Li,Jin Gao
Biobased flame retardant (FR) has attracted great interest owing to its green and degradable properties similar to polylactic acid (PLA). In this work, with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as the core, chitosan (CS) and halloysite (HNT) as the shell, a biobased FR (APP@CS@HNT) with a core-shell structure was prepared through the self-assembly method. The flame retardancy of PLA composites has been improved with the addition of the FR (APP@CS@HNT). With the loading of 17 wt% APP@CS@HNT, the PLA composite shows a high limiting oxygen index value (29.4%) and achieves vertical burning (UL-94) test V0 rating. Compared with pure PLA, the cone calorimetry test indicates that the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release decrease from 299.88 to 152.29 kW/m 2 and from 102.0 to 71.2 MJ/m 2 , respectively. The addition of APP@CS@HNT can also improve the smoke suppression performance of PLA composites. Such enhanced flame retardancy is mainly attributed to APP@CS@HNT prompting the PLA matrix to produce more continuous and denser carbon layers at a lower temperature to form physical barriers.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子科学
·
消防安全工程
·
纳米技术
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2025
·
IF 6.2
Gang Tang,Cunlong Fu,Xuhao Zhen,Mengfan Guan,Xin Wang,Dan Deng,Xiuyu Liu
Wood materials have been basic building and structural materials for thousands of years, but because of their particular composition, the flammability and flame retardant modification of wood composites have attracted widespread attention. In this study, a new strategy was designed for flame retardant modification of commercial wood boards, and a series of wood samples were prepared with improved hydrophobic and flame retardant properties via delignification, impregnation of phytic acid (PA) and 3, 5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole (ATA-N), and surface hydrophobic modification of trimethoxymethylsilane. After impregnation with PA and ATA-N, the wood samples exhibited outstanding flame retardant properties, and the Wood@PA/ATA-N sample presented a limit oxygen index (LOI) of more than 80 % and a UL-94 V-0 rating. In addition, the peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) of Wood@PA were 92.0 %, 68.0 % and 63.0 % lower than those of the untreated wood. Moreover, surface treatment with organosilane significantly improved the hydrophobicity of the wood surface, and the water contact angle of the surface for Wood@PA/ATA-N/MTMS reached 93.4°, indicating a highly hydrophobicity. In conclusion, the strategies of delignification, flame retardant impregnation and surface modification could significantly improve the flame retardancy and hydrophobic properties of wood samples, thereby increasing their useful life and application value in construction and structural materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子科学
·
消防安全工程
·
表面工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2022
·Vol. 139
·期 44
·e53084
·
IF 3.057
Jingming Wang,Xiaoyang Wang,Zhen Chu,Jia Liu,Shijie Long,Shuying Xu,Dun Wang,Jieqiong Wang,Zhongxin Liu
Solvent-free synthetic methods have received more attention because of their reducing chemical waste and simplifying the process. A series of functionalized magnesium hydroxides (FMHs) were successfully modified with siloxanes containing different functional groups (Octyl: OTES, Octadecyl: OTMS, Phenyl: PTMS, Vinyl: VTEO, and 3-Aminopropyl: APS) via a solvent-free mechanochemical method. Ball milling conditions (such as reaction time, siloxane/MH ratio), the morphology, surface properties and particle size of the FMHs were investigated in detail and the results showed that both of the adjustment of particle size and the modification of surface of MH were successfully achieved at one time within 20 min. All FMHs were successfully converted from hydrophilic to hydrophobic except for the sample modified by the silane containing APS group. The influence of the different functional groups and particle size of FMHs on the mechanical properties and flame retardancy of styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene (SEBS)/polypropylene (PP) composites were discussed. Compared with original MH/SEBS/PP, the FMHs/SEBS/PP composites have better tensile strength and elongation at break. When 68 wt% of FMHs were added to the SEBS/PP matrix, the composites can pass V-0 rating of UL-94 testing, and their limiting oxygen index values are above 32.3%. Meanwhile, the composites also exhibited strong smoke suppression.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
高分子科学
·
机械工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）