INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2024
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IF 7.7
Liuping Du,Tianhong Wang,Siyu Luo,Zitong Liu,Bowen Wang,Yanli Ma,Shixue Ren,Lina Jia,Shujun Li
The development of photoresponsive shape memory materials based on the photothermal conversion properties of lignin and the low activation energy of the dynamic covalent borate bond is of great importance. In this paper, a kind of lignin-based vitrimer polymer (LBP) containing dynamic boronic ester bonds was prepared by a “sulfhydryl-epoxy” click reaction and etherification reaction. The results show that the rigid segment EP-EL (lignin-based epoxy resin) and BDB (2,2′-(1,4-phenylene)-bis-[4-mercapto-1,3,2-dioxaneborane]) with benzene ring structure can impart tensile strength (20.8 MPa) to the LBP, while the flexible segment PEG imparts good elongation at break (15 %). The dynamic binding and dissociation exchange mechanism of the boronic ester bonds enables LBP to exhibit thermal remodelling properties (up to 36.2 %) and water-assisted self-healing properties at room temperature (up to 49.0 %). In addition, LBP exhibits excellent thermal and light-responsive shape memory properties due to its own photothermal conversion performance (photothermal conversion efficiency up to 18.2 %) and the dynamic boronic ester bond thermal activation bond exchange mechanism. The insulating properties of LBP make it suitable for use in high temperature protection circuit devices and light-responsive circuit devices. This study provides new insights into the design and application of Vitrimer and photoresponsive shape memory polymers, and also offers a new avenue for high-value utilization of lignin.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
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可再生资源利用
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高影响因子
MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
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2023
·Vol. 224
·期 24
·2300359
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IF 2.5
Kuan Zhang,Lin Dang,Junliang Zhang
Silicone rubbers are widely employed in various fields such as electronics, electrical engineering, mobile communications, aerospace, and automotive industries. However, silicone rubbers are typically challenging to reprocess and degrade. Moreover, with the advancement of technology, higher demands are placed on its thermal conductivity and dielectric properties. In this study, diglycidyl ether terminated polydimethylsiloxane is cured by 4,4′-dithiodibutyric acid which contains dual dynamic covalent disulfide and ester bonds with triazobicyclodecene as the ester exchange catalyst to prepare silicone rubber vitrimers (SRVs) through a casting method. The SRVs demonstrate a relatively higher intrinsic thermal conductivity of 0.26 W (m⁻ 1 K⁻ 1 ) compared to ≈0.20 W (m⁻ 1 K⁻ 1 ) of conventional silicone rubber. Besides, the SRVs exhibit very low and stable dielectric constant and dielectric loss at both low and high frequencies (X-band). The lowest dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent at 10 GHz are 2.75 and 0.0650, respectively. Besides, the dual dynamic covalent bonds enable the SRVs to have excellent reprocessability and fast degradability. Moreover, the SRVs reveal UV-shielding capability, as the transmittance of the SRVs is 0% from 200 to 400 nm of UV light.
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高影响因子
POLYMER
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2020
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IF 4.231
Fance Ji,Xiangdong Liu,Dekun Sheng,Yuming Yang
Vitrimers are a class of polymers integrating the advantage of thermosets and thermoplastics . The dynamic crosslinking networks endow vitrimers with interesting rheological behavior and functional applications, such as self-healing, thermally plasticity and shape memory properties. Here, based on the dynamic aromatic disulfide bonds, a series of vitrimer composites with reconfigurability and tunable mechanical properties were successfully prepared. Using the time-temperature superposition, we prove that the relaxation of vitrimer composites should be divided into two distinct parts, including the topological rearrangement of epoxy network and the relaxation of thermoplastic components. Meanwhile, the physical entanglement of thermoplastics and the reconfigurability of chemical cross-links enable vitrimer composites to have excellent adhesive property . Based on the reconfigurability of vitrimer composites, the multi-shape memory effect was readily realized through blending the vitrimer composites of different glass transition by a simple hot-pressing method. It is anticipated that this novel strategy will pave way for the fabrication of thermosetting polymers with both reconfigurability and functional applications.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
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2017
·Vol. 135
·期 5
·45784
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IF 1.86
Peiyao Yan,Wei Zhao,Liang Jiang,Bo Wu,Kai Hu,Ye Yuan,Jingxin Lei
Thermoset shape-memory polymers (SMPs) are widely applied because of their superiority in maintaining permanent shapes. However, the inferiority of this material is also conspicuous, namely the loss of reprocessing ability owing to the chemically crosslinked structure. Fortunately, a new class of SMPs, known as “vitrimers,” was discovered, which can be reshaped or reprocessed via topological rearrangement due to the existence of dynamic covalent bonds. Thus, this new thermoset SMP could become a novel solution. In this paper, carbon nanotube–polyurethane vitrimer (CNT-PUV) composites have been prepared, which possess the capability of thermally induced shape memory based on entropy changes and thermal reconfiguration based on transcarbamoylation reactions of carbamate bonds. In addition, the introduction of CNTs endows them with properties of near-infrared (NIR) triggered shape memory and reconfiguration due to the photothermal conversion effect of CNTs. Besides, due to the character of the NIR laser, step-by-step shape recovery of CNT-PUVs is realized from predefined temporary shapes to a permanent shape. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135 , 45784.
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高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2025
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IF 13.2
Huiwen He,Yulong Liu,Xuejiao Peng,Meng Ma,Yanqin Shi,Yulu Zhu,Si Chen,Xu Wang
The development of lightweight and high-performance fiber-reinforced composite protective equipment holds great significance for national defense and personal safety. Composite materials necessitate a matrix resin exhibiting both strength and toughness, while the design and application remains significant challenge. Herein, a new composite material with multi-scale energy dissipation structure is designed based on the failure mechanism of composite materials under impact, the impact resistance of the obtained material (129.2MJ·m −3 ) is significantly improved by 34 % compared with traditional composite material (96.5 MJ·m −3 ). The incorporation of epoxy vitrimer with dynamic non-covalent bonds imparts an impact-stiffening effect to the originally brittle matrix, thereby meeting higher requirements for impact resistance. The addition of carbon nanotubes in the epoxy vitrimer matrix improves its strength and toughness. The reinforcement consists of high-performance PBO fiber that is surface treated with oxygen plasma. The composite material exhibits excellent interface bonding, which directly contributes to the improvement of interlaminar shear strength from 7.84 MPa to 11.56 MPa. This composite material structure design based on multi-scale energy dissipation mechanism confirms the possibility of further lightweight and high-performance bulletproof composite materials.
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高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
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2024
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IF 8.3
Yabing Tian,Xuezhen Feng,Chao Wang,Shibin Shang,He Liu,Xujuan Huang,Jianxin Jiang,Zhanqian Song,Haibo Zhang
Thermosetting foams have limited capabilities for recycling, reprocessing, or reshaping. Moreover, most of the foaming agents currently employed in these foams are derived from organic compounds sourced from petrochemicals, thereby posing a significant environmental threat due to heightened pollution. To solve these problems, a fully biobased degradable vitrimer foam (EPC-X) was fabricated using an environmentally friendly all-in-one foaming strategy by cross-linking epoxidized malepimaric anhydride (EMPA), 1,5-diaminopentane (PDA), and 1,5-diaminopentane carbamate (PDAC) as a latent curing-blowing agent. To our delight, the vitrimer foams exhibit excellent mechanical properties (2.86 ± 0.11 MPa compressive strength) owing to their unique rigid rosin backbone and cross-linking networks. The presence of dynamic β-hydroxy ester bonds and the self-catalytic behavior of tertiary amine groups facilitate network rearrangement without requiring additional catalysts, thereby resulting in the development of EPC-X with rapid self-healing and shape memory properties. The self-healing foam could support a weight of 500 g (approximately 562 times its own mass). Moreover, these high-performance vitrimer foams can also be easily degraded in an ethanolamine (EA) or NaOH solution under mild conditions. Such a design strategy offers an alternative approach for developing superior degradable and thermal stimuli-responsive thermosetting foams.
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高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2025
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IF 8.5
Zhiping Su,Huanhuan Zhang,Ningdan Li,Jiamei Li,Yuqin Fu,Haiyan Xu,Shaobo Zhang,Liping Ning,Xiaohui Wang,Shanshan Jia
Plastic pollution has been one of the biggest challenges to the ecological environment. Polyimine vitrimer (PI) synthesized by dynamic imine chemistry is degradable and closed-loop recyclable, making it a promising candidate to replace conventional nondegradable plastics. However, most PIs exhibit poor mechanical properties, which seriously weaken their application potential. Herein, a high strength PI/CNFs composite film (PI/CNFs film) was successfully developed by reinforcing PI using cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs). The resulting PI/CNFs film exhibited excellent mechanical properties with the tensile strength, toughness, and Young's modulus of 71 MPa, 33.7 MJ m −3 , and 1.4 GPa, respectively. The PI/CNFs film also showed good waterproof capability, as well as excellent shape stability in water, ethanol, and alkali solution. The dynamic exchange character of PI endowed the PI/CNFs film with excellent re-healing, remolding, and reshaping capabilities. The PI/CNFs film could be chemically degraded and recycled because of the reversibility of imine bonds. Moreover, the PI/CNFs film could completely biodegrade in natural soil within two months. Therefore, this PI/CNFs film represents a novel and environmentally friendly plastic substitute.
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高影响因子
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
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2024
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IF 8.3
Zhiqiang Chen,Zhen Li,Xubin Wang,Chenyu Jin,Dichao Ning
Vitrimers with dynamic covalent bonds combine the merits of thermosets and thermoplastics , opening up new opportunities for science and industry. The attainment of enhanced mechanical performance without compromising dynamic reprocessability poses a significant obstacle to vitrimer materials. Designing vitrimer nanocomposites from interfacial and structural aspects is promising to solve this problem. Herein, strengthening and toughening of hard epoxy vitrimer using nanosilica have been successfully achieved by introducing interfacial covalent binding and microphase separation . Performing interfacial covalent binding between epoxide-modified silica nanoparticles and hard epoxy vitrimer matrix improves interfacial compatibility and nanoparticle dispersion. Controlling the proportion of silica nanoparticles yields two types of microstructures, including a uniformly dispersed material at low nanoparticle loadings and unique microphase separation at high nanoparticle loadings. Particularly, silica reinforcement accompanied with phase separation exhibits a substantial enhancement in Young's modulus , tensile strength , and fracture toughness while achieving good stretchability. In addition, the silica-epoxy vitrimer nanocomposites preserve excellent reprocessability not inferior to the pristine vitrimer. The resulting nanocomposites show potential applications in bonding, recycling, and shape morphing . The concepts and methodologies presented in this work will enlighten future vitrimer material design and functional applications.
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Extreme Mechanics Letters
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2025
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IF 4.5
Dichao Ning,Zihan Zhang,Chenyu Jin,Qian Shi
Rubber is widely applied due to its high elasticity and durability, but traditional crosslinked networks are non-recyclable. The incorporation of dynamic covalent bonds endows vitrimers with recyclability and self-healing ability. However, the regulatory effect of curing kinetics and chemical ratio on dynamic covalent bonds has not been systematically studied, and such regulation is crucial for designing high-performance rubber vitrimers. In this work, rubber vitrimers with hybrid network were synthesized by using epoxy monomers and curing agent containing disulfide bonds. By varying the chemical ratio of soft segments (PEG) and hard segments (BPDG or DGEBA), and tuning curing time, we characterized their dynamic performance, tensile properties and fracture toughness. Furthermore, kinetic equation was incorporated into and used to extend the Lake–Thomas model, enabling quantitative description and prediction of fracture energy. The results demonstrate that increased curing degree and disulfide bond proportion enhance the fracture toughness and fracture strain of the rubber polymer, but slightly reduce its strength and modulus. Moreover, the introduction of dynamic covalent bonds favors both fracture toughness and dynamic performance. This work provides theoretical guidance and processing strategies for the design of high-performance rubbers.
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高影响因子
ACS Applied Polymer Materials
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2025
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IF 4.7
Xingchen Wang,Zihao Fang,Shaojie Xue,Ming Cao,Ru Xia,Jiasheng Qian
Introducing dynamic covalent bonds into epoxy resins to endow them with self-healing, recyclable, and reprocessable properties is of significant importance for extending service lifetimes and addressing environmental issues caused by epoxy resin waste. However, resolving the contradiction between the mechanical properties and the repair efficiency is still highly challenging. In this work, a robust, recyclable, multifunctional biobased epoxy vitrimer (ESFB) was prepared by soybean oil and the fluorinated curing agent 2,2′-dithiobis (6-fluorobenzoic acid) (DTFB). The introduction of the fluorine motif formed fluorine–hydrogen bonds, enabling improvement of the mechanical strength of epoxy vitrimers, while the electron-withdrawing effect of fluorine atoms accelerated the exchange of dynamic bonds, thus improving the reprocess performance. The developed ESFB showed high tensile strength (32.1 MPa), excellent self-healing efficiency (96.8%), and reprocessability compared with its nonfluorinated counterpart (ESLB). Owing to the dynamic exchange characteristics of disulfide and ester bonds, the obtained biobased epoxy vitrimer also demonstrates multifunctional properties, including shape memory effect, weldability, and degradability. Taking advantage of the above features, the carbon fiber/epoxy resin-based composites were prepared based on ESFB. The composites exhibited excellent tensile strength (133.2 MPa), and the carbon fiber can be achieved through nondestructive recycling at 50 °C with a recycling time of only 4 h. In conclusion, this research provides a perspective on the design of high-performance and multifunctional biobased epoxy composites.
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高影响因子
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
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2023
·Vol. 63
·期 6
·1828-1835
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IF 3.2
Gaoyuan Ye,Jian Zhang,Hongjie Bi
A vitrimer (ESO-S) was prepared by direct curing of epoxy soybean oil (ESO). A series of polymer/ESO-S blend composites were prepared by adding different content of ESO-S, and the corresponding characteristics change of thermoplastic polymer composites was explored. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) test demonstrated that ESO-S can achieve covalent bonding and intermolecular hydrogen bonding between ESO-S and polymer matrix, thus the interfacial compatibility between composite components was improved. The tensile strength of composites was increased by adding the ESO-S of suitable content. The tensile strength reached the maximum value (38.15 MPa) when the ESO-S content was 0.8 wt%. In addition, the thermal stability and melting temperature of the composites were also improved.
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高影响因子
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
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2022
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IF 10.723
Chang Li,Benzhi Ju,Shufen Zhang
Catalyst-free fully bio-based hydroxyester (BHE) vitrimers were synthesized by crosslinking and plasticizing epoxidized soybean oil with synthesized acetylated starch succinate monoesters to investigate the effects of different starch structures on the properties of the BHE vitrimers. The BHE vitrimers possessed a lower glass transition temperature as well as better solvent resistance and reprocessing performance compared to traditional starch-based materials. Owing to dynamically covalent bonds , the migration and exudation of plasticizers were avoided. A maximum strain of 230 % was achieved to prevent the retrogradation and brittleness of starch-based materials. Furthermore, the mechanical properties remained unchanged after three reprocessing cycles. Consequently, the obtained BHE vitrimers are eco-friendly and sustainable.
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高影响因子
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