Applied Sciences-Basel
·
2026
·Vol. 16
·期 9
·4152
·
IF 2.9
Jianyi Liu,Yang Cao
In the process of extracting and transporting waxy crude oil, pipeline blockages resulting from wax deposition significantly impede production efficiency and lead to substantial economic losses. Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) is a widely used chemical wax inhibitor; however, its performance is influenced by multiple factors, including its molecular structure, concentration, and the carbon number distribution of the wax system. A systematic elucidation of its mechanism of action and associated phase changes is therefore necessary. In this study, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was employed to systematically investigate the thermal behavior of a wax system with a broad carbon number distribution (C5–C50). The objectives were to analyze the influence of EVA concentration, vinyl acetate (VA) content, and molecular weight on the phase transition parameters, to elucidate the wax inhibition mechanism, and to construct a phase prediction model based on the Flory–Huggins theory. The results demonstrate that the wax appearance temperature (WAT), phase transition temperature, and phase transition enthalpy of the wax systems increase monotonically with carbon number. Furthermore, the addition of EVA was found to significantly reduce both the WAT and the amount of wax precipitated. The optimal structural parameters were identified as a VA content of 10%, a number average molecular weight of 20,000, and an optimal concentration of 800 ppm. The medium-carbon wax system (C16–C30) was found to be the most sensitive to the EVA response. The established phase model exhibited high predictive accuracy, with a mean relative error of less than 4%, a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.32%, and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.987, thereby providing preliminary insights and a practical tool for optimizing EVA wax inhibitor formulations under simplified conditions and guiding their potential engineering applications.
Keywords: EVA wax inhibitor; differential scanning calorimetry; wax deposition; N-alkanes; phase transition behavior; phase model
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DOI
高影响因子
Applied Materials Today
·
2023
·
IF 8.3
Chuang Liu,Ziyang Liu,Kexin Wang,Yuting Sun,Qianying Liu,Xun Sun,Tingting Yan,Qiang Yang,Xinlong Ma,Huan Zhou,Lei Yang
Though acknowledged as the essential material in bone bleeding control with advantages of low cost, excellent malleability and smooth consistency for operation, traditional bone wax is associated with adverse effects such as foreign body reaction, granuloma growth, and bone healing failure. Herein, we presented a novel ready-to-use bone wax (NBW) based on DCPA (CaHPO 4 ) granules (DCPA-G) and modified waxy starch (MWS), proposed to overcome problems of bone wax but preserving its impressive workability in hemorrhage control. Thanks to rheological and adhesive properties of MWS after exposure to water, NBW was found to be cohesive, malleable, water content dependent tissue adhesive and liquid sealing abilities. Moreover, after hardening under humid environment due to the interaction between MWS and DCPA-G, NBW exhibited compressive strength that is comparable to that of cancellous bone. After smeared to defect model, water leakage was avoided by NBW. Besides, this material showed superior hemostasis and osteogenesis ability over traditional bone wax in vitro . Simultaneously, in vivo tests confirmed the efficiency of NBW in bleeding control and bone regeneration, indicating it a promising candidate in bleeding bone treatment.
研究领域:
生物材料
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组织工程
·
骨科
·
止血
·
骨再生
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DOI
高影响因子
PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 10.5
Tengwei Yu,Zhikai Chang,Bingtang Chen,Lingtong Liu,Zhuyun Deng,Zizhang Wang,Tai Wang
Head rice yield (HRY) is a crucial quality trait that determines the final commodity yield and commercial value of rice. Conversely, chalkiness represents an undesirable appearance characteristic, significantly impairing rice marketability. Thus, developing rice germplasms with superior HRY and appearance traits is highly desirable for rice production and marketing. However, the master modules and regulatory networks underlying HRY and chalkiness remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the rice transcription factor OsMYB99 acts as a master regulator conferring high HRY and low chalkiness. Functional loss of OsMYB99 impairs cuticular wax biosynthesis and deposition in caryopses and causes accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in endosperms, consequently decreasing HRY and increasing chalkiness. Mechanistically, OsMYB99 functions as a transcription activator; it binds promoters and positively regulates the expression of wax biosynthesis gene OsGL1-4 and ROS scavenger OsMT2b . OsGL1-4 promotes cuticular wax biosynthesis and deposition in caryopses, while OsMT2b eliminates excess ROS in endosperms. Together, these actions lead to HRY enhancement and chalkiness reduction. Our study uncovers the master regulator OsMYB99 and its molecular network modulating HRY and chalkiness in rice, offering a strategy to improve these traits through modifying cuticular wax deposition and ROS production.
研究领域:
植物生物学
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分子遗传学
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作物科学
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水稻育种
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生物化学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2022
·Vol. 12
·期 23
·14456-14466
·
IF 4.036
Yang Liu,Chengxuan Wu,Xiaofang Lv,Xinyi Xu,Qianli Ma,Jiawei Meng,Shidong Zhou,Bohui Shi,Shangfei Song,Jing Gong
In the exploitation of deep-sea oil and gas resources, the multiphase production and transportation process is frequently plagued by pipeline blockage issues. Especially when hydrates and wax coexist simultaneously, the viscosity and plugging tendency of multiphase flow systems will synergistically increase. Understanding the evolution of morphology of hydrate particles and the agglomeration characteristics of hydrate particles in the presence or absence of wax crystals is crucial to flow assurance industry. With the assistance of a visualized reactor equipped with a three axis moving platform, microscopic images of cyclopentane hydrate during hydrate growth were obtained, and the cohesive force between hydrate particles was measured. It was found that during the hydrate growth on wax-free water droplets, the untransformed water inside the particles gradually wetted the surface of the particle. With the increase in temperature and contact time, the shell of hydrate particles changed from solid and rough to smooth and moist. The cohesive force measured in this work ranges from 3.14 ± 0.52 to 11.77 ± 0.68 mN m−1 with different contact times and temperature. When the contact time was 0 s and 10 s, the cohesive force between particles increased first and then stabilized with temperature. When the contact time was 20 s, the cohesive force was greater than the first two cases and showed an overall stable trend. An interesting phenomenon was also discerned: a large water bridge between particles formed during their separation process. For the wax-containing system, it required a longer time for water droplets to be converted into hydrate particles than that for wax-free systems. After wax participated in hydrate growth, hydrate particles showed the properties of elasticity and stickiness, which resulted in a larger liquid bridge between hydrate particles after their contact. It was suggested that wax crystal would alter the shell structure of hydrate particles, and change the surface properties of hydrate particles and the formation process of the liquid bridge, leading to significant and rapid increase in the cohesive force.
研究领域:
流变学
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海洋油气开发
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胶体与界面科学
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能源工程
·
流动保障
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DOI
高影响因子
International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
·
2017
·Vol. 15
·期 4
·903-909
·
IF 1.048
Huan Zhou,Mengmeng Yang,Xinye Ni,Lei Yang,Muralithran G. Kutty
Development of alternatives of bone wax to stop blood transfusion occurred in cancellous bone injury is highly deserved clinically. An ideal candidate is supposed to be not only biodegradable, biocompatible, malleable, and cost-effective, but also have comparable mechanical strength to cancellous bone. In the present work, calcium sulfate cement (CSC) based composites modified with hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) or sodium alginate (SA) were prepared. In brief, CSC was combined with 2, 4, 6 wt.% of HPMC or SA, respectively, followed by setting behavior evaluation, compressive strength and degradation testing, XRD, and SEM characterizations, as well as blood clotting induction study. Both additives improved the hemostatic performance of CSC, but CSC with 2% wt. SA exhibited the optimum setting time, mechanical strength, stability, and blood clotting ability. These results reveal the feasibility of using CSC–SA based composite as a substitute for bone wax.
研究领域:
生物医学工程
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材料科学
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外科医学
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF DISPERSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2018
·
IF 1.454
Ziyi Tu,Guolin Jing,Zhengnan Sun,Zhiwei Zhen,Wei Li
Nanocomposites of attapulgite (ATT)/ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) were prepared with organically modified ATT covering in EVA. Organically modified ATT was prepared using KH550 and organic acid. The effect of nano-hybrid on the flow behavior of model oil containing 15 wt% wax was evaluated. The wax crystallization and crystal morphology of the model oil at low temperature were observed by polarizing optical microscopy (POM). The results indicated that the nano-hybrid with long-chain organic acid-modified ATT exhibited a better effect compared with the nano-hybrid with short-chain organic acid-modified ATT, pure EVA. In addition, it is interesting to note that EVA (VA = 32%)/stearic acid-modified ATT composite polymeric pour-point depressant (PPD) S-AtPPD(32) provided better cold-flow improvement for the model oil than EVA (VA = 32%)-modified nano-SiO2 composite PPD N-SiPPD (32) with a low dose, which resulted in a regular, bar-shaped, and uniform arrangement of wax morphologies. The pour point of the model oil was reduced from 30°C to −1°C when doped at 200 ppm S-AtPPD(32).
研究领域:
石油工程
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材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MICROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2018
·Vol. 185
·期 10
·1-12
·
IF 5.705
Xu Cuxing,Hei Yashuang,Liu Jingju,Sun Mimi,Sha Tianze,Wang Nan,Hassan Mehboob,Bo Xiangjie,Zhou Ming
The authors describe a method for synthesis of a three-dimensional (3D) interconnected carbon nanorod aerogel (3D-ICNA) starting from wax gourd ( Benincasa hispida ) which is a low-cost biomass. The 3D-ICNA possesses unique 3D interconnected and porous nanostructure, with abundant edge-plane-like defective sites, a large specific surface area (823 m 2 g −1 ) and a large pore volume (0.12 cm 3 g −1 ). This makes the material attractive in terms of electrochemical sensing. To validate the feasibility, the voltammetric response towards ferricyanide, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), acetaminophen, ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine, uric acid and epinephrine was investigated by using a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with 3D-ICNA. The modified GCE shows higher electron-transfer capacity than a conventional GCE. In addition, as an electrochemical sensor for AA or H 2 O 2 , the electrode exhibits better analytical performance with lower detection limit [3.5 μM for AA or 0.68 μM for H 2 O 2 based on 3σ/m criterion (where σ is the standard deviation of the blank and m is the slope of the calibration plot)], wider linear range and higher sensitivity (0.14, 0.11 and 0.080 μA μM −1 cm −2 for AA or 0.24 and 0.20 μA μM −1 cm −2 for H 2 O 2 ) compared to a plain GCE or a carbon nanotube-modified GCE. The modified GCE exhibits a large potential for the amperometric determination of AA or H 2 O 2 in real samples.
By employing the biomass of wax gourd ( Benincasa hispida ) as the precursor, a three-dimensional interconnected carbon nanorod aerogel was prepared. It is shown to be a viable material for the construction of an advanced electrochemical sensor for H 2 O 2 and ascorbic acid.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
生物医学工程
·
环境科学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2017
·Vol. 7
·期 20
·12283-12291
·
IF 3.108
Yicheng Bi,Hua Zhou,Honghua Jia,Ping Wei
In our study, a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) open-tubular enzyme-immobilized microreactor has been successfully prepared using dopamine polymerization and multi-layer deposition. The polydopamine layer was utilized as a primer layer in the microchannel to provide PTFE surface reactable groups, and polyethylenimine and Candida antarctica lipase B were alternatively adsorbed on the PTFE surface by the layer-by-layer method. The lipase loading kept increasing as the number of layers increased and reached a plateau at the 8th layer. The formation of multilayers and increase of enzyme loading were described and explained by the water contact angle measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FI-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, while the morphological characteristics were observed using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Preparation of a wax ester using the microreactor had much better production efficiency (35 minutes to reach 95% yield) than that using traditional reactors (over 4 hours to complete the reaction). Very excellent stability can be achieved by the microreactor, which could be used for 144 hours with the residual activity remaining at 83% of the initial activity.
研究领域:
生物化学
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材料科学
·
酶工程
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高影响因子
APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL
·
2021
·
IF 5.706
Tao Li,Zhichao Tao,Caixia Hu,Chunli Zhao,Fengjiao Yi,Guoyan Zhao,Ling Zhang,Yong Yang
A series of amorphous silica-aluminas were hydrothermally synthesized in the presence of tetraethylammonium hydroxide. Their physicochemical properties were well characterized, and particularly, a facile method of preferentially adsorbing bulky 2, 4, 6-collidine followed by adsorbing pyridine for FTIR was innovatively used to quantitively distinguish the Brønsted acid sites in micropores and on external surfaces. All protonic samples were transformed into hydrocracking catalysts by loading with 0.5 wt% platinum; and the relationship between Brønsted acidity of supports and the catalytic performance was studied by hydrocracking of Fischer-Tropsch wax. The results illustrated that the medium strong Brønsted acid sites located on the external surface play important role on the activity. And the lower the strong Brønsted acid density in micropores, the higher the diesel selectivity. Among the catalysts tested, Pt/SA-10 catalyst exhibited high selectivity to diesel (78.7%) at about 48.8% conversion under reaction conditions close to industrial ones.
研究领域:
催化化学
·
石油炼制工程
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DOI
高影响因子
Catalysts
·
2021
·Vol. 11
·期 12
·1471
·
IF 4.146
Zhenzhen Li,Wei Liu,Guolong Yang
Synthesized oleic acid-based wax esters (e.g., cetyl oleate), which can replace spermaceti oil or jojoba oil, have been widely used in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical and other industries. In this work, 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) has been successfully used as an efficient catalyst to synthesize oleic acid-based wax esters through esterification at 40 °C under solvent-free conditions. A 93.6% conversion rate of cetyl alcohol was obtained under optimal conditions: 10 mol% DBSA, a molar ratio of 1.3:1 oleic acid to alcohol, a reaction temperature 40 °C and a reaction time of 4 h. The effect of water content on esterification was investigated, and it was found that the inhibitory effect of water decreased significantly with increasing temperature. Moreover, DBSA-catalyzed esterification could be applied in the production of various oleic acid-based wax esters and excellent conversion (>90%) to esters was obtained under such mild conditions. DBSA-catalyzed low-temperature esterification is an efficient method for the production of liquid wax esters.Keywords:liquid wax esters;4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid;esterification;oleic acid;high-oleic sunflower seed oil
研究领域:
化学工程
·
化妆品科学
·
生物催化
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
·
2020
·
IF 8.208
Yanwei Hu,Lei Shi,Zhenduo Zhang,Yurong He,Jiaqi Zhu
The addition of external force provides an alternative way to promote the application of phase change materials in thermal-energy storage, space heating, and cooling systems. However, the experimental investigation using external magnetic force to regulate the phase change process is still limited. Here, magnetic Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles were added to paraffin wax to form phase change nanocomposites with enhanced thermal properties and controllable magnetism. The thermal properties of nanocomposites were measured and the phase change processes under magnetic controlling were experimentally and numerically investigated. A two-dimensional enthalpy-based lattice Boltzmann model with considering the external magnetic force was proposed and the measured thermal properties were used in the simulation. Good agreement between the experiment and simulation was achieved. The effects of different mass fractions of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 wt%), magnetic directions, magnetic field intensities (0, 20, 40, 60 mT) on the phase change characteristics are discussed. The heat transfer efficiency in a square cavity filled with the nanocomposites developed more quickly when the paraffin wax was doped with a higher Fe 3 O 4 mass fraction. Moreover, the phase change characteristics were controlled by the intensity and direction of the magnetic field. This study presents a method to achieve magnetically regulating phase change heat transfer characteristics that have potential applications in the energy-storage industry.
研究领域:
能源存储
·
热传递
·
材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
·
2024
·
IF 3.7
Limin Wang,Jinrong Duan,Bei Liu,Zhi Li,Guangjin Chen
Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) as a kind of effective polymeric pour point depressant has been extensively used in the pipeline transportation of crude oil to inhibit wax deposition and improve the low temperature fluidity of crude oil. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the effect of EVA on wax-hydrate coexistence system to evaluate the application potentiality of EVA to the flow assurance of deep-sea oil–gas–water multiphase flow system. Our simulation results reveal that wax molecules gradually stretched and stacked from random coiling to a directional and ordered crystalline state during the process of wax solidification. The strong affinity of polar vinyl acetate side chains of EVA to neighboring water molecules made the EVA molecule prefer being in a curly state, which disrupted the ordered crystallization of surrounding wax molecules and delayed the solidification rate of wax cluster. In addition, it is found that EVA cocrystallized with wax molecules to form eutectic when the wax was fully solidified. The simulation results of hydrate nucleation and growth show that the EVA molecule displayed a two-sided effect on gas adsorption of wax crystals, which was the key factor that affected the nucleation and growth of hydrates in the methane-water system. The nonpolar hydrocarbon backbone of EVA increased the diffusion rate of methane and water, allowing more methane to diffuse to the surface of wax crystals, reducing the methane concentration in aqueous solutions and inhibiting the hydrate formation. On the other hand, the nonpolar vinyl acetate chains had a repulsive effect on methane, which reduced the adsorption area of methane on the eutectic surface and decreased the adsorption threshold value of the wax crystal. The excluded methane molecules would continue dissociating in the aqueous phase and participating in the nucleation and growth process of hydrates. Therefore, the probability of hydrate formation would be increased. It was worth noting that the inhibition performance of EVA on hydrate formation mainly played a significant role in the system with small wax crystal, while its hydrate promotion effect played a dominant role in the system with lager wax crystal. In summary, EVA could significantly inhibit both of the wax and hydrate deposition for the wax-gas-water multiphase system with low wax content. When the wax content in the system was high, the role of EVA was mainly played in the alleviation of wax crystallization rather than the gas hydrates. The results of the present work can contribute to a better understanding of EVA on wax deposition and hydrate formation, and provide theoretical support of the potential industrial applications of EVA.
研究领域:
石油工程
·
分子动力学模拟
·
材料科学
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DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）