Analytical Methods
·
2021
·Vol. 13
·期 35
·3970-3977
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IF 2.896
Yunjie Sun,Shanshan Song,Aihong Wu,Liqiang Liu,Hua Kuang,Chuanlai Xu
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a kind of estrogen-like mycotoxin which contaminates primary crops and their products under natural conditions and becomes a serious hazard to human health. In this study, we prepared a sensitive and specific anti-ZEN monoclonal antibody (mAb) belonging to the IgG2b subclass, with a 50%-inhibitory concentration of 0.034 ng mL−1. A lateral flow fluorescence microsphere immunochromatographic test strip (FM-ICTS) for the rapid and ultrasensitive detection of zearalenone in corn and wheat samples was developed based on this mAb. After optimizing experimental parameters, the visual limit of detection (LOD) of the strip assay in both corn and wheat samples was 2.5 ng mL−1, and the cut-off value was 25 ng mL−1. The LOD was calculated to be 0.68 ng mL−1 in corn samples and 0.48 ng mL−1 in wheat samples. Recovery experiments showed that the test results of the strip were consistent with those of ic-ELISA. As a result, this FM-ICTS assay is reliable, simple and sensitive, and can be used for rapid detection of ZEN in corn and wheat.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
·
2017
·
IF 4.233
Gaofeng Wang,Yushan Miao,Zhiming Sun,Shuilin Zheng
Organo-montmorillonites (OMts) modified with mono- and di-alkyl cationic surfactants were prepared to remove polar mycotoxin aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) and weak polar, hydrophobic mycotoxin zearalenone (ZER) simultaneously. The structural and surface properties of the prepared OMts were investigated. In vitro adsorption experiments were carried out to simulate the in vivo conditions of gastrointestinal tract of animals by a batch mode. The adsorption of AFB 1 and ZER in both single and binary-contaminate systems were investigated systematically. Both OMts showed super enhanced adsorption capacities towards AFB 1 and ZER whenever in single and binary-contaminate systems compared with raw Mt, indicating the effectiveness of the prepared OMts acted as mycotoxins adsorbents. DODAC-Mt showed a higher adsorption capacity towards AFB 1 and ZER than OTAB-Mt. The equilibrium data of AFB 1 on OMts were fitted satisfactorily with Freundlich and Linear models, suggesting the co-existence of different adsorption mechanism which were proposed to be ion–dipole interactions (between surfactant cations and carbonyl groups of AFB 1 ) and adsorption/partition mechanisms. The adsorption isotherms of OMts to ZER matched best with Linear models, implying the adsorption/partition mechanism. For simultaneous adsorption, the adsorption process of one mycotoxin was slightly affected by the presence of the other mycotoxin due to the requirement of partial same sorption sites. In addition, the solution pH had negligible influence on the adsorption process of OMts, meaning no desorption occurred when the adsorbents pass through from stomach to intestine as animal feed.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 9.8
Fengchun Zhao,Guanqun Wang,Xinrui Cao,Wenxu Song,Min Guo,Huimin Wang,Zhengyou Yang
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a widely distributed mycotoxin with potent estrogenic activity. Detecting ZEN is crucial for assessing its potential health risks. This study developed a highly sensitive non-competitive magnetic phage anti-immunocomplex immunoassay (Nc-MPHAIA) for ZEN detection, utilizing the anti-ZEN single-chain variable fragment (ScFv) and anti-immunocomplex peptide (AIcP), both of which were screened using phage display technology. The method exhibited a limit of detection of 0.005 ng/mL, which was 112 times lower than that of the conventional competitive immunoassay using the same ScFv and the chemosynthetic antigen ZEN-OVA. Validation studies demonstrated excellent recovery rates in spiked corn samples (intra-assay: 84.04–109.95 %; inter-assay: 89.70–99.59 %). Additionally, the Nc-MPHAIA results for ZEN in natural samples were consistent with those obtained via high-performance liquid chromatography, which demonstrated good reliability of the established assay.
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POULTRY SCIENCE
·
2024
·
IF 3.8
Lingling Wang,Zifeng Deng,Jieying Huang,Tingyuan Li,Jun Jiang,Wence Wang,Yu Sun,Yiqun Deng
ABSTRACT Zearalenone (ZEN), a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species, is known for its reproductive toxicity as an estrogen analogue. However, there are limited knowledge about its hepatointestinal toxicity, as well as the role that gut microbiota and metabolites play in this process. In this study, a total of 24 thirty-week-old hens were fed to investigate the hepatointestinal toxicity subjected to long-term ZEN consumption at 2.0 mg/kg for 90 d. And we employed uncultured 16S rRNA sequencing for gut microbiota and untargeted metabolomics for fecal metabolites assessment. Notably, ZEN induced significant hepatic damage, as evidenced by hepatocyte necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltrate, increased liver lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and blood aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels ( P < 0.05). The decreased villus height, disruption of simple columnar epithelial cells, and exposure of the mucosal intrinsic layer were observed in the intestine. The gut microbial community composition and metabolites differed between ZEN group and control group. ZEN group exhibited higher gut microbial diversity ( P < 0.05), lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and Lactobacillus abundance, and higher abundance in the genus such as Bacteroidetes, Parabacteroidetes and Desulfovibrio . Metabolomic analysis showed that ZEN treatment altered biosynthesis of siderophore group nonribosomal peptides and phenylpropanoids, metabolism of amino acid, digestion and absorption of vitamin and ABC transporters. Differential metabolites suggested that ZEN increase the risk of estrogen disorder, nucleic acid degradation, intestinal oxidative stress and inflammation. Neural network analysis showed that Ruminococcus was positively correlated with glyceric acid, and Prevotella was positively correlated with phenylacetylglycine. Both metabolites were positively correlated with blood AST level ( P < 0.05), suggesting that intestinal microbe Ruminococcus and Prevotella might exacerbate liver damage by producing these harmful metabolites. Overall, we conclude that ZEN has damaged hepatointestinal system and the altered gut microbiota with resultant metabolite changes contribute to the adverse hepatointestinal effects of ZEN on laying hens. This study underscores the need for monitoring and mitigating ZEN exposure in poultry diets, highlighting its broader implications for animal health and food safety.
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Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization
·
2025
·
IF 3.3
Hu Yuanlong,Chen Jiamin,Wu Sifang,Zhong Yi,Ye Jialin,Ye Lingqing,Wu Yuanzi,Huang Da,Sun Qi,Zhang Fang,Weng Zuquan
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a common contaminant in crops with serious food safety implications. By leveraging the etching effect of H 2 O 2 on gold nanorods (Au NRs) and the catalysis of Fenton reaction, we have successfully developed two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits with distinct principles. ZEN can be accurately quantified by both methods by measuring changes in the longitudinal surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) absorption peaks of Au NRs. Direct detection kit is simpler and faster, with a linear range of 0.2–4000 ng/mL, while indirect competitive kit is more complex and has a narrower linear range of 0.02–10 ng/mL. This study is expected to provide an effective analytical strategy for rapid screening and accurate monitoring of mold contaminants in food and agricultural products. In this study, a novel dual-mode ELISA system was developed for the detection of zearalenone (ZEN) using Au NRs and their longitudinal surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties. By integrating H₂O₂-mediated nano-etching and Fenton reaction catalysis, the system enables both direct (0.2–4000 ng/mL) and indirect competitive (0.02–10 ng/mL) detection modes. The main work includes: (1) replacing the traditional enzyme colorimetric signal with an LSPR shift for accurate UV-visible quantification and visual multicolor readout; (2) optimizing the nanoenzyme catalytic system for improved reaction sensitivity; (3) eliminating the need for enzyme-labeled secondary antibodies in direct mode, thereby reducing cost and improving stability. The system was validated on grain samples with recoveries of 93.1-107.1% and detection limits of 0.2 ng/mL (direct) and 0.02 ng/mL (indirect). The modular design of the method allows it to be used for the detection of other mycotoxins (e.g., aflatoxin, ochratoxin) and offers great potential for food safety screening, agricultural monitoring, and environmental assessment. This work provides a cost-effective, sensitive and versatile platform for mycotoxin analysis.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2019
·
IF 5.399
Zhipeng Huang,Juan He,Huayu Li,Ming Zhang,Huige Wang,Yunxia Zhang,Yuanyuan Li,Liqin You,Shusheng Zhang
Zearalenone (ZEA) is a fungal contaminant widely found in grains. In cereal samples, trace zearalenone was extracted and enriched using magnetic-surfaced pseudo molecularly imprinted polymers (SPMIPs) and detected. SPMIPs were prepared with Fe 3 O 4 as the magnetic core, modified halloysites nanotubes as supporting materials, and selective imprinted polymers as shells. Vinyl was modified on the surface of halloysites nanotube. SPMIPs were synthesized with pseudo templates. SPMIPs as the adsorbent of dispersed-solid phase extraction (μ-SPE) were used to purify and enrich ZEA from maize samples. After optimized, the pretreatment method was evaluated. The linearity of the method was ranged within 10–200 ng mL −1 . LOD and LOQ were 2.5 ng mL −1 and 8 ng mL −1 respectively. The ZEA spiking recoveries in maize samples ranged within 74.95–88.41% were with good RSDs lower than 4.25%. The developed method was successful applied in maize, oat, and wheat sample treatments and compared.
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INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION
·
2025
·
IF 4.1
Nazish Muzaffar,Shujie Zhang,Qian Li,Yuhui Yang,Yanli Xie,Yuan Tian
Aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) and Zearalenone (ZEN) are highly toxic mycotoxins commonly present in cereal-based foods, making their degradation a crucial research area for ensuring food safety. This study demonstrated that extracellular components mediated the biodegradation of AFB 1 and ZEN from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HNGD-T8, isolated from fermented tea. The cell-free supernatants achieved 99.57 % and 99.9 % degradation at 80 °C for AFB 1 and ZEN, respectively. Notably, Mn 2+ enhanced the degradation of both mycotoxins. Simultaneous degradation of AFB 1 and ZEN was achieved at 78.02 % and 93.74 %, respectively. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis revealed that both mycotoxins were broken down into different metabolites, with AFB 1 converting into (C 17 H 12 O 7 , C 13 H 10 O 4 ) and ZEN transforming into (C 18 H 22 O 7 , C 17 H 24 O 4 ). Degradation of AFB 1 and ZEN led to the disruption of their active sites and the formation of derivative compounds. Subsequent toxicity assessment using zebrafish larvae demonstrated that these degradation products exhibited reduced toxicity. In maize flour, AFB 1 and ZEN degraded 74.20 % and 59.57 %, respectively, while simultaneous degradation achieved 66.23 % and 78.07 %. Given its potent degradation ability, Mn 2+ -enhanced activity, thermostability, and effectiveness in maize flour, these findings underscore the promising potential of HNGD-T8 for mitigating mycotoxin contamination in food matrices and contributing to sustainable food safety solutions.
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Toxins
·
2022
·Vol. 14
·期 9
·641
·
IF 5.075
Jiehuan Xu,Lingwei Sun,Mengqian He,Shushan Zhang,Jun Gao,Caifeng Wu,Defu Zhang,Jianjun Dai
Mitochondria hold redox homeostasis and energy metabolism as a crucial factor during oocyte maturation, while the exposure of estrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone causes developmental incapacity in porcine oocyte. This study aimed to reveal a potential resistance of phytoalexin resveratrol against zearalenone during porcine oocyte maturation and whether its mechanism was related with PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Porcine oocytes were exposed to 20 μM zearalenone with or without 2 μM resveratrol during in vitro maturation. As for the results, zearalenone impaired ultrastructure of mitochondria, causing mitochondrial depolarization, oxidative stress, apoptosis and embryonic developmental incapacity, in which mitophagy was induced in response to mitochondrial dysfunction. Phytoalexin resveratrol enhanced mitophagy through PINK1/Parkin in zearalenone-exposed oocytes, manifesting as enhanced mitophagy flux, upregulated PINK1, Parkin, microtubule-associated protein light-chain 3 beta-II (LC3B-II) and downregulated substrates mitofusin 2 (MFN2), voltage-dependent anion channels 1 (VDAC1) and p62 expressions. Resveratrol redressed zearalenone-induced mitochondrial depolarization, oxidative stress and apoptosis, and accelerated mitochondrial DNA copy during maturation, which improved embryonic development. This study offered an antitoxin solution during porcine oocyte maturation and revealed the involvement of PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy, in which resveratrol mitigated zearalenone-induced embryonic developmental incapacity.Keywords:zearalenone;mitophagy;resveratrol;PINK1/Parkin;porcine oocyteKey Contribution:The application of phytoalexin resveratrol redresses oocyte developmental incapacity against zearalenone contamination. PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy is involved in the antitoxin effect of resveratrol.
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2026
·
IF 6.7
Minwen Sun,Xinyu Xu,Tailong Wei,Binhui Huang,Qiannan Gao,Yiheng Wang,Yuhong Zhong,Zhui Tu,Yanping Li,Qinghua He
Competitive immunoassays for small molecules are limited by complex antigen synthesis and multistep signal transduction. Here, the anti-idiotypic nanobody was employed to enable eco-friendly detection. Furthermore, dual-label protein nanoscaffolds were used to achieve the design of programmable dual-functional antigen substitutes and one-step signal transduction in immunoassays. To determine the application potential, the pattern target zearalenone (ZEN) was selected as a case in this study. In detail, anti-idiotypic nanobody Z6 has been reported as a ZEN biosynthesis mimic. The Z6SC3-ST3IDT-DCN (Z6-SpyCatcher003-SpyTag003-IMX313-DogTag-DogCatcher-NanoLuc) was constructed to achieve the one-step bioluminescence detection of ZEN. To further streamline the workflow, we developed a magnetic-bead-based bifunctional programmable scaffold bioluminescent enzyme immunoassay (Mb-BPs-BLEI) using Z6SC3-ST3IDT-DCN, achieving a detection limit of 0.1 ng/mL for ZEN. This dual-tag design allows the modular replacement of recognition or signaling elements, providing a programmable platform for customizable immunoassays.
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MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 5.2
Yaqi Wang,Xinning Wang,Xin Ji,Yunxuan Weng,Xiaoying Zhao
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a mycotoxin that poses severe health risks to humans and livestock through contaminated cereals and feed. In this study, a hydrogel-based sensor was developed for sensitive visual detection of ZEN. The sensor integrates a DNA aptamer-crosslinked polyacrylamide hydrogel encapsulating gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with a rolling circle amplification (RCA)-assisted CRISPR/Cas12a system for signal enhancement. Upon ZEN binding, the released complementary DNA triggers RCA, generating repetitive DNA strands that activate Cas12a. The activated Cas12a efficiently cleaves numerous single-stranded DNA crosslinkers within the hydrogel, leading to substantial dissociation and release of AuNPs for colorimetric readout. This strategy achieves high specificity and a significantly improved detection limit of 1.5 nM for ZEN, which is over 3000-fold lower than that of the aptamer-hydrogel system without amplification. The sensor enables rapid, simple, and cost-effective on-site quantification of ZEN, with the detection sensitivity and linear range well suited for food safety monitoring applications.
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MICROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2026
·Vol. 193
·期 6
·397
·
IF 5.4
Wang Linhai,Li Yuan,Han Zihui,Zhou Xinrui,Yu Shirong,Hu Xiao
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a common mycotoxin widely present in food and agricultural products, posing a serious threat to human health. This work developed a fluorescent/smartphone-assisted colorimetric dual-mode aptasensor for detecting ZEN. Platinum nanowires-supported MXene (PtNWs/MXene) composites exhibit peroxidase-like (POD) activity, which can be inhibited by the adsorbed ZEN-specific DNA aptamers. In the presence of ZEN, the specific binding between ZEN and the aptamer triggers desorption of the aptamer from the PtNWs/MXene surface, thus restoring the POD activity of composites. With hydrogen peroxide introduced, PtNWs/MXene catalyzes the oxidation of colorless o-phenylenediamine into colored 2,3-diaminophenazines, simultaneously generating a fluorescent signal. Exonuclease I mediates target cycling to achieve signal amplification, further boosting the detection sensitivity. The smartphone-based colorimetric mode shows a linear detection range of 10 ~ 900 ng/mL with a limit of detection (LOD) of 6.57 ng/mL, while the fluorescence mode presents a linear range of 1 ~ 1000 ng/mL and a LOD as low as 0.74 ng/mL. This sensing platform can accurately distinguish ZEN-positive and ZEN-negative samples, and the detection results are highly consistent with those of ELISA. It provides an efficient and reliable new solution for highly sensitive on-site ZEN detection, demonstrating significant application potential in food safety monitoring. Graphical The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.
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BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY
·
2022
·
IF 5.76
Yanjing Yun,Zhisong Lu,Xiaodan Jiao,Peng Xue,Wei Sun,Yan Qiao,Yang Liu
Relationship between mycotoxin-induced hormesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) has not been systematically investigated due to the lack of an effective analysis method. To monitor cellular release and intracellular level of O 2 ·− , carboxymethyl cellulose-Mn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 nanocomposite was synthesized to fabricate an electrochemical biosensor, which selectively detects O 2 ·− over the range of 57.50 nM ∼ 2.95 μM (R 2 = 0.99) with the sensitivity of 78.67 μA μM −1 cm −2 and the detection limit of 8.47 nM. Transient exposure to zearalenone (ZEA) induces the enhancement on cell viability, immediate O 2 ·− release from cells, and reduction of intracellular O 2 ·− level. After post-treatment culture, intracellular O 2 ·− initially increases to a high level and then decreases to the normal level. Concurrently, the ZEA-induced hormesis disappears. Based on the findings, we propose a mechanism, involving the ROS release, increase of succinate dehydrogenase activity and recovery of intracellular ROS, to explain the occurrence and disappearance of hormesis in intestinal porcine enterocytes.
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