INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2025
·
IF 8.5
Jianzhong Ma,Tongtong Ma,Qianqian Fan,Yiming Shen,Mi Liu,Wenbo Zhang
The development of green chromium-free tanning agents continues to be actively researched as a prominent topic in the leather industry. Zirconium tanning agents have good tanning performance, but their permeability is poor. Halide perovskites, composed of metal ions and organic ligands, are metal-tunable nanomaterials. In order to improve the permeability of zirconium. In this study, Cs 2 ZrCl 6 was synthesized using zirconium ions and combined with Zr(SO 4 ) 2 for collagen modification application. Based on the principle of reversible reactions, the introduction of Zr(SO 4 ) 2 effectively alleviated the rapid hydrolysis of Cs 2 ZrCl 6 , ensuring the preservation of its nanostructure and enabling continuous penetration during the tanning process. The EDS analysis confirmed the uniform distribution of zirconium in leather collagen tanned with Cs 2 ZrCl 6 /Zr(SO 4 ) 2 . Compared with Zr(SO 4 ) 2 tanned leather (73.1 °C), the shrinkage temperatures of Cs 2 ZrCl 6 /Zr(SO 4 ) 2 tanned leather collagen (83.7 °C) is better. Additionally, the BOD 5 /COD cr ratio of the tannery wastewater in this system is 0.65, indicating excellent biodegradability. The development of the Cs 2 ZrCl 6 /Zr(SO 4 ) 2 tanning system provides a new approach for creating chromium-free tanning agents.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
·
环境科学
·
纳米技术
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2020
·
IF 5.578
Xiangjun Li,Jiancheng Cao,Muhammad Asif Nawaz,Dianhua Liu
Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether (PODE n ) is a clean, effective and promising diesel additive. In this work, acidic sulfonated resin modified by zirconium (Zr 4+ -SR), which possess both Lewis and Brønsted acid sites, was employed to catalyze the synthesis of PODE n from methanol (MeOH) and formaldehyde (FA) solution. The catalysts were investigated by various characterization methods including SEM, BET, XPS, FT-IR, NH 3 -TPD, Pyridine FT-IR, TG-MS and ICP-OES. It was found that the introduction of Zr 4+ into cationic exchange resin formed the Lewis acid sites and improvement of the catalytic performance in PODE n synthesis from methanol and formaldehyde solution was attributed to the synergistic effect of Lewis and Brønsted acid sites. With the increase of zirconium loading, the amount of Lewis acid sites and weak acidity of the Zr 4+ -SR catalyst increased gradually, and the catalytic activity of the catalysts for the PODE n synthesis reaction exhibited a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. In the methanol and formaldehyde solution, Brønsted acid sites were active for the acetalization of hemiformal and methanol, while Lewis acid sites were conducive to the activation of the methylene glycol. A possible reaction route for the PODE n synthesis from methanol and formaldehyde solution was proposed. 61.1% methanol conversion, 98.7% PODE 1–6 and 22.4% PODE 3–6 selectivity were achieved under optimal reaction conditions. The reusability investigation of the Zr 4+ -SR catalyst showed a stable catalytic activity for the synthesis of PODE n from methanol and formaldehyde solution and revealed that the decrease of catalyst activity was attributed to the partial loss of the zirconium.
研究领域:
催化化学
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能源化学
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER
·
2026
·
IF 4.5
Yixue Zhang,Mingxuan Liang,Zhiyan Yan,Shuo Zhang
The application potential of flexible electronic technologies across diverse interdisciplinary domains has become increasingly evident. Owing to their unique combination of flexibility, biocompatibility, and skin-mimetic mechanical properties, hydrogels have emerged as a central material for wearable flexible sensors. Nevertheless, conventional hydrogel-based sensors often suffer from inadequate mechanical performance under high stress and large strain conditions, along with limited toughness. Gelatin, a natural protein, possesses a molecular structure abundant in hydroxyl and amino functional groups, enabling the formation of a highly extensible, hydrogen-bonded flexible network and exhibiting excellent biocompatibility. In this study, a thermally induced free-radical polymerization approach was employed to construct a covalently cross-linked rigid framework using polyacrylamide (PAM), while incorporating gelatin to establish a hydrogen-bond-reinforced flexible network. Concurrently, Zr 4+ were introduced to coordinate with anionic functional groups on both gelatin and PAM chains, resulting in the fabrication of a polyacrylamide/gelatin/zirconium ion composite hydrogel sensor (PMG x Z y ). The PMG x Z y hydrogel sensor demonstrates exceptional toughness, rapid response dynamics, high sensitivity, and a broad sensing range. It achieves a strain of up to 924 % under a stress of 0.26 MPa, with a fracture energy of 1.12 MJ m −3 . The sensor not only enables real-time monitoring of large-amplitude human motions but also facilitates sound recognition, handwritten pattern detection, and information transmission via integration with Morse code encoding. This work effectively overcomes the mechanical limitations of traditional hydrogel sensors, offering a promising new material platform for wearable sensing applications in fields such as outdoor sports monitoring and rehabilitation training.
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
·
2026
·
IF 3.3
Hongru Jin,Ce Zheng,Yichun Bi,Zili Liu,Shengkai Wang,Xiaoqiang Li
The glass-ceramic waste forms containing HLW require the host phases to maintain long-term stability under alpha decay damage. While B‑site Zr 4+ substitution is a well‑established way to enhance the radiation stability of the pyrochlore phase, studies on the irradiation behavior of Zr 4+ ‑substituted pyrochlore glass‑ceramics remain scarce. In this study, the irradiation behavior of Gd 2-x Ln x Ti 2-y Zr y O 7 (Ln = Nd and Y) pyrochlore glass-ceramics was investigated. In-situ 800 keV Kr 2+ irradiation was performed at room temperature. It revealed that B-site Zr 4+ substitution acts as the key factor enhancing radiation resistance, increasing the critical amorphization dose from 0.33 dpa to above 3.24 dpa (y(Zr) from 0 to 1.0). B‑site Zr 4+ substitution also dictates the evolution of amorphization process of the pyrochlore phase, shifting its primary irradiation defect accommodation mechanism from the order-disorder transition to cation anti‑site defects within the defect‑fluorite structure. Furthermore, the critical Ti: Zr ratio governs the amorphization mechanism. Compositions with low Zr content (Ti: Zr ≥ 3:1) undergo homogeneous amorphization via the nucleation and coalescence of isolated amorphous islands. For compositions with higher Zr content (Ti: Zr < 3:1), a dual mechanism operates, where outward Zr migration at interfaces triggers the formation of edge amorphous regions concurrent with conventional amorphization within the grain interior.
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DOI
高影响因子
E-POLYMERS
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2016
·Vol. 17
·期 3
·243-248
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IF 0.812
Weidong Han,Bin Ding,Mira Park,Fuhai Cui,Su-Hyeong Chae,Hak-Yong Kim
Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP)/La 3+ /Zr 4+ precursor nanofibrous membranes (LZPNM) with various Zr contents were synthesized via a simple electrospinning method. By controlling the Zr incorporation, the tensile properties of precursor membranes dramatically change from 0.77 to 1.73 MPa. Meanwhile, the average diameters of precursor nanofibers increase with the increase of Zr contents (from 283 to 535 nm). In addition, flexible La 2 O 3 -ZrO 2 nanofibrous membranes (LZNM) were obtained by calcination of corresponding precursor membranes. Furthermore, the structures and morphologies of the precursor membranes were investigated using X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The surface functional groups and thermal properties of the precursor membranes were measured via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
研究领域:
材料科学
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纳米技术
·
化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
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2020
·
IF 3.573
Jincheng Mu,Jianfang Liu,Zhenzhen Ran,Muhammad Arif,Min Gao,Chen Wang,Shengfu Ji
MOF-808(Zr) with the coordinated unsaturated (CUS) Zr4+ centers was synthesized by the thermal reflux method, and a series of Au/MOF-808(Zr) catalysts with different Au loading percentages have been prepared by the impregnation–reduction method. The related X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, N2 adsorption–desorption, Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, and NH3 temperature-programmed desorption characterizations have been undertaken to understand the structure of catalysts. The catalytic activity in CO2 with aniline/H2 to N-methylation and N-formylation has been studied in a batch reactor. Results show that the MOF-808(Zr) structures in catalysts are of high quality and damage-free. The Au nanoparticles (NPs) are highly dispersed on the surface of the MOF-808(Zr) cage with a mean size of 2–20 nm. Also, the catalysts could catalyze the conversion of CO2 with aniline/H2 to N-methylation and N-formylation products with a high efficiency. With a 3.0 wt % Au/MOF-808(Zr) catalyst, the conversion of aniline is 18.4%, and the selectivity of N-methylaniline is 80.9% and that of N,N-dimethylaniline is 19.1%. The preliminary reaction mechanism and the critical role of CUS were also studied. It is determined that H2 is adsorbed and activated on Au NPs. CO2 is adsorbed on the CUS Zr4+ acidic sites and O2– basic sites. The primary and secondary amines are adsorbed on the CUS Zr4+ acidic sites, where they react with CO2 and H2 to form N-formamide. Subsequently, N-formamide reacts with activated H2 to yield N-methylamine.
研究领域:
催化
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材料科学
·
化学工程
·
环境化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）