CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2026
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IF 12.5
Hongchen Bian,Wenqiang Zhang,Xinyu Sun,Dianwei Zhang,Xinyu Chen,Baoqing Shan
Dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) serves as a crucial phosphorus (P) reservoir in aquatic systems, regulating P biogeochemical cycling and eutrophication dynamics. In this study, five representative organic phosphorus compounds (OPs), encompassing phosphate monoesters, phosphate diesters, and phosphonates, were systematically examined under contrasting aqueous matrices, including ultrapure water, freshwater, and seawater. Their photolysis kinetics were systematically quantified, yielding apparent first-order rate constants of 1.13–2.26 × 10 −4 h −1 in ultrapure water, 0.70–1.83 × 10 −3 h −1 in seawater, and 0.60–3.13 × 10 −3 h −1 in freshwater, with phosphate esters consistently exhibiting higher photochemical reactivity than phosphonates. To elucidate environmental influences, simulated water matrices were constructed by incorporating representative inorganic ions (NO₃ − , HCO₃ − , Cl − , Br − , and SO₄ 2− ) and dissolved organic matter (DOM). DOM exhibited pronounced photochemical complexity, characterized by intrinsically heterogeneous molecular architectures and persistent associations with DOP, underscoring the necessity for targeted mechanistic investigations. Furthermore, radical quenching and probe experiments delineated DOM-mediated RIs formation pathways and reactivity, identifying 3 DOM* as the dominant photoreactive species, with 1 O₂ and ·OH contributing synergistically. Furthermore, three-dimensional correlation analyses integrating DOM compositional characteristics, RIs-driven photodegradation kinetic parameters, and experimentally determined OP photolysis rate constants revealed that DOM molecular structure and intrinsic photochemical reactivity are tightly coupled to RIs generation pathways, thereby indirectly governing OP photolysis dynamics. Collectively, these results advance mechanistic understanding of the abiotic transformation processes and environmental fate of OPs in natural aquatic systems, with direct implications for P risk assessment and evidence-based water management strategies.
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JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
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2022
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IF 8.91
Yinlong Xiao,Wei Tang,Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg,Xiaohong Zhang,Jun Wu,Min Xu,Hong Xiao,Yan He,Ling Luo,Gang Yang,Chao Chen,Lihua Tu
Nanoparticles (NPs), heavy metals and natural organic matter may co-exist in the water bodies. Currently, knowledge on their interaction effects on the behaviors and fates of NPs and heavy metal ions is rather limited, which is critical to comprehensively understand their environmental risk. In this study, the aggregation, solubility and Cd-adsorption of CuO NPs co-existing with humic acid (HA) and Cd 2+ upon different solution pH and contact sequences were determined. In the ternary systems of CuO NPs, HA and Cd 2+ , pH was more important than the contact sequence of the components in affecting the NP aggregation, while the contact sequence was a predominant factor in determining the NP solubility. Pre-equilibration of CuO NPs and HA before addition of Cd 2+ resulted in the highest solubility and lowest aggregation of the NPs, relative to other sequences of addition of the components. The adsorption capacity of CuO NPs for Cd-ions increased with an increasing pH value from 5 to 9. HA significantly enhanced the Cd-adsorption capacity of CuO NPs at pH 7 and 9, while at pH 5 a non-significant effect was observed. The results are helpful to better estimate the behaviors and fates of CuO NPs and Cd 2+ when they coexisting in natural waters.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2022
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IF 16.744
Ya Wu,Rongmiao Fang,Hao Li,Jingyao Li,Dan Zhao,NaNa Chang,Huaming Sun,Jun Shi
Oxidative degradation of most recalcitrant organics in the wastewater by exciting the oxidative potential and high efficacy of economic and environmental compatible oxidants is currently an extensively studied field of research. In this study, an efficient phthalate esters (PAEs) degradation method utilizing dual oxidants persulfate (PS) and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of ferrous ions was developed with high removal efficiency, small oxidant dosage and wide pH range. Compared with the degradation efficiency of single systems including Fe 2+ / H 2 O 2 (40 %), PS (24 %) and Fe 2+ /PS (49 %) for dimethyl phthalate (DMP) degradation, the combining PS and H 2 O 2 activated by Fe 2+ is more effective, with the removal efficiency of 95 %. The synergistic effect of PS and H 2 O 2 in the Fe 2+ -containing system on PAEs degradation was reflected by the degradation products determined by non-target analysis of various oxidation processes. The results showed that the degradation of DMP in two single oxidant systems was dominated by aromatic compounds via dealkylation, hydroxyl addition and decarboxylation, while DMP in the PS/H 2 O 2 /FeSO 4 system was mainly deeply oxidized to aliphatic molecules through further dearomatization, which was vulnerable for the mineralization of DMP to CO 2 and H 2 O. In addition, the EPR technique combined with DMPO captured SO 4 •− and • OH signals in the presence of the same Fe 2+ and oxidant dosage, revealing that a higher intensity of ·OH and SO 4 •− generated in the combined oxidative process resulted in a high removal of DMP. This work lays the groundwork for recalcitrant organics removal to apply synergistic activation mode in the AOPs system.
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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2013
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IF 5.257
Su-juan Yu,Yong-guang Yin,Jing-bo Chao,Mo-hai Shen,Jing-fu Liu
The fast growing and abundant use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in commercial products alerts us to be cautious of their unknown health and environmental risks. Because of the inherent redox instability of silver, AgNPs are highly dynamic in the aquatic system, and the cycle of chemical oxidation of AgNPs to release Ag+ and reconstitution to form AgNPs is expected to occur in aquatic environments. This study investigated how inevitable environmentally relevant factors like sunlight, dissolved organic matter (DOM), pH, Ca2+/Mg2+, Cl–, and S2– individually or in combination affect the chemical transformation of AgNPs. It was demonstrated that simulated sunlight induced the aggregation of AgNPs, causing particle fusion or self-assembly to form larger structures and aggregates. Meanwhile, AgNPs were significantly stabilized by DOM, indicating that AgNPs may exist as single particles and be suspended in natural water for a long time or delivered far distances. Dissolution (ion release) kinetics of AgNPs in sunlit DOM-rich water showed that dissolved Ag concentration increased gradually first and then suddenly decreased with external light irradiation, along with the regeneration of new tiny AgNPs. pH variation and addition of Ca2+ and Mg2+ within environmental levels did not affect the tendency, showing that this phenomenon was general in real aquatic systems. Given that a great number of studies have proven the toxicity of dissolved Ag (commonly regarded as the source of AgNP toxicity) to many aquatic organisms, our finding that the effect of DOM and sunlight on AgNP dissolution can regulate AgNP toxicity under these conditions is important. The fact that the release of Ag+ and regeneration of AgNPs could both happen in sunlit DOM-rich water implies that previous results of toxicity studies gained by focusing on the original nature of AgNPs should be reconsidered and highlights the necessity to monitor the fate and toxicity of AgNPs under more environmentally relevant conditions.
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SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
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2025
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IF 8
Siqi Wu,Chen Yang,Haochen Xu,Yiwei Zhu,FengFu Fu,Yue Lin
The contamination of micro-plastics (MPs)/nano-plastics (NPs) in environment poses a global concern, necessitating a scientific evaluation of their potential risks to ecosystems and organisms. We herein investigated the adsorption kinetics of different mercury species including inorganic mercury (Hg 2+ ), methylmercury (MeHg) and ethylmercury (EtHg) on three different MPs, such as polyethylene MPs (PE MPs), polypropylene MPs (PP MPs) and polystyrene MPs (PS MPs) in micro-polluted water in detail, and further evaluated the individual and combined cytotoxicity of polystyrene NPs (PS NPs)/polypropylene NPs (PP NPs) and different mercury species. The results indicated that EtHg undergoes demethylation partly to form Hg 2+ during the adsorption process on PP MPs, and the adsorption kinetics of Hg 2+ , MeHg and EtHg on three MPs fitted with pseudo-first-order (PFO) model in initial stage and simultaneously fitted with pseudo-second-order (PSO) model during whole adsorption process. This suggested that adsorption of mercury species on three MPs we driven mainly by physical process in initial stage and by chemical process during whole absorption process. In natural micro-polluted water, the equilibrium adsorption capacities (Q e ) of Hg 2+ on three MPs (156.3–270.3 ng/g) are much higher than that of MeHg (5.562–78.13 ng/g) and EtHg (7.831–70.42 ng/g). Cytotoxicity experiments revealed that PP NPs and PS NPs themselves have little cytotoxicity, but the presence of them can enhance the cytotoxicity of mercury species, showing NPs size-depended and mercury species-depended synergistic toxic effect. The findings of this study provided valuable insights for scientifically evaluating the potential risk of MPs/NPs to ecosystems and organisms.
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ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
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2025
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IF 6.1
Zhenguo Wang,Huimin Zhou,Weiwei Yang,Xialin Hu,Daqiang Yin
Benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVSs) and phthalate esters (PAEs), widely employed industrial additives, have raised ecological concerns due to their potential environmental risks. However, their co-occurrence patterns in aquatic systems remain understudied, with their potential correlations poorly characterized. This study investigated the seasonal and spatial distribution patterns of BUVSs and PAEs in the Huangpu River, while evaluating the potential of PAEs as tracers for BUVSs. The results indicated that total BUVSs (∑BUVSs) and PAEs (∑PAEs) concentrations were higher in summer than in winter, ranging from 3.80 to 8.63 and 1702.67–8130.31 ng/L, respectively. Additionally, ∑BUVSs and ∑PAEs concentrations showed an increasing and then decreasing trend from upstream to downstream of the Huangpu River due to upstream industrial areas and shipping activities. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified common contamination sources associated with personal care products and plastic manufacturing. Pearson correlation analysis established correlations between specific BUVSs — 2-(benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-methylphenol (UV-P), 2-(benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-tert-butylphenol (UV-PS), 2-tert-butyl-6-(5-chlorobenzotriazol-2-yl)-4-methylphenol (UV-326), and 2-(benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl) phenol (UV-329) — and PAEs including dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) within this watershed. While the meta-analysis of published data revealed a significant correlation between BUVSs and PAEs, the experimental results of this study demonstrate a divergent trend. The observed specificity in correlations between individual PAEs and BUVSs suggests that the utility of PAEs as tracers for BUVSs warrants further systematic investigation. This study provides a foundation for understanding the distribution and potential association of BUVSs and PAEs in the Huangpu River.
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PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
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2025
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IF 4
Yuehan Geng,Jingjie Lv,Yaoyu Tian,Xin Ma,Rimao Hua,Liancheng Fang
Neonicotinoid insecticides residuals pose a threat to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Imidaclothiz, as a novel neonicotinoid pesticide, the metabolic mechanisms in aquatic environments was unclear. This study investigated the degradation characteristics of imidaclothiz in both pure and actual water, and analyzed the photodegradation and hydrolysis metabolites of imidaclothiz in aquatic environments and assessed their toxicity. The hydrolysis of imidaclothiz was not affected by temperature, pH, and metal ions. In non-sterilized Tai Lake water, the half-life of imidaclothiz were 72–187 d, with biodegradation being the primary process. Additionally, lighting was the key factor to influencing the degradation of imidaclothiz in aquatic environment. Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) results indicated that 1 O 2 and ·OH played crucial roles in the photodegradation of imidaclothiz. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the maximum electrostatic potential of the imidaclothiz molecule was located at the electron-donating group (-NH-) on the oxadiazole ring, making it more prone to oxidation reactions. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was employed to identify the photolysis and hydrolysis products of imidaclothiz. Toxicity assessment revealed that the oxidized metabolite M217 of imidaclothiz exhibited higher toxicity to aquatic organisms than the parent compound. Meanwhile, both imidaclothiz and its photodegradation and hydrolysis products posed noteworthy chronic toxicity to fish, daphnid and green algae. These finding provided theoretical guidance for the risk assessment and safe use of imidaclothiz.
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JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY
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2025
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IF 4.7
Minxiang Wei,Qianqian Xiang,Qiong Wang,Jiao Liu,Fan Yang,Yanjie Xie,Liqiang Chen,Meijie Ren
The role of dissolved black carbon (DBC), an emerging organic component, in mediating the redox-driven interconversion between silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silver ions (Ag + ) under environmentally realistic dark/light alternations remains poorly understood. Through five alternating cycles of dark/light exposure, this study systematically investigated DBC-mediated AgNPs oxidation and Ag + reduction, revealing structure-dependent mechanisms influenced by coexisting anions (NO 3 − /HCO 3 − ). Radical probe experiments identified photochemically produced reactive intermediates (PPRIs) as key drivers: (i) Small-molecular DBC (BAM-DBC) containing tyrosine-like components generated persistent singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) under light, enabling continuous Ag + release across cycles. (ii) Nitrogen/sulfur-rich DBC (WH-DBC) facilitated Ag + reduction through superoxide (·O 2 − ) photogeneration and Ag + complexation in darkness, causing oscillatory Ag + dynamics. (iii) Photoreactive anions modulated transformation pathways between AgNPs and Ag + by altering PPRI production. These findings provide critical insights into the environmental fate of AgNPs under alternating dark/light cycles, emphasizing the need to account for dynamic light regimes in risk assessments.
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ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
·
2026
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IF 7.3
Zhou Fang,Xuan Hu,Yaqin Yu,Qiulai Yin,Qiu Qin
Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT) can be used as an effective supplement of the water pollutant monitoring. However, long-term application and verification of the DGT technique in nature waters have been limited due to the substantial effort required to compare DGT results with those obtained from grab sampling. This study compared the concentrations of a variety of trace elements and emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) measured using DGT and grab sampling method during long-term in field. The results show that the precision and accuracy of DGT can meet the technical requirements. The concentrations of selected trace elements, EOCs and phosphorus were determined in freshwater systems (six rivers and two lakes) across various cities and seawater systems (two sampling sites in Yancheng) during different seasons. The sources and seasonal variations of these pollutants were analyzed. The results show the concentrations of trace elements in the surface water of Nanjing and Yancheng were in the ranges of 0.010–8.97 and 0.010–47.1 μg L −1 , respectively. While the EOCs in the surface water of Nanjing and Yancheng changed within the range of 0.111–390 and 0.110–207 ng L −1 , respectively. Surface waters in Yancheng expressed lower EOC pollutant concentrations than the surface waters in Nanjing (except for PFOA, PFOS and OPFRs). During summer and autumn, the pollutant concentrations were lower than that during spring and winter (except for pesticides). Concentrations of NH 4 -N, NO 3 -N, and phosphorus were also measured via grab sampling and DGT for water quality assessment. The Predicted No-Effect Concentrations (PNECs) of the target trace elements and EOCs were calculated to evaluate the environmental risks of these substances on aquatic species. The levels of most target detected in this work did not appear to present risks to the aquatic species. However, a few substances showed moderate or high risk.
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ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
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2025
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IF 7.7
Qianqian Ni,Huiping Shao,Yun Zhang,Xin Ke,Wengang Liu
Oxygen vacancies could be induced into the heterojunction structure of BiOI/BiOBr via high-temperature calcination. Light absorption, charge transfer efficiency, photocatalytic activity, and mechanism are all intimately connected to oxygen vacancies. Density-functional theory simulations demonstrate that surface oxygen vacancies adsorb oxygen to active sites, whereas bulk oxygen vacancies activate oxygen adsorbed to the surface to reactive radicals. Meanwhile, the addition of oxygen vacancies efficiently reduces the effects of background ions and pH on tetracycline breakdown in the real aquatic environment. The experimental results are consistent with the DFT calculations. This paper presents a straightforward approach for creating heterojunction surface and bulk-phase oxygen vacancies, as well as an understanding of the many roles that different types of oxygen vacancies play in the photocatalytic degradation process.
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MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
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2025
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IF 5.1
Lin Gu,Wei Xia,Yifan Zhao,Shuhai Ding,Cong Kong,Junyu Zhang,Longlong Wang,Peng Wang,Guangxin Yang
Antibiotic pollution, particularly the overuse of tetracycline antibiotics (TCs), poses a significant threat to aquatic environments. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is widely used for water sample pretreatment, and developing cost-effective, easily synthesized packing materials remains an active area of research. In this study, a novel filler material (SAS-MFP) was developed by combining commercial melamine-formaldehyde prepolymer (MFP) with a silica aerogel sponge (SAS), offering excellent water permeability, simple fabrication, and low cost. Characterization results revealed that the two materials were well integrated, with MFP evenly distributed across the surface of the silica aerogel. The adsorption mechanism of SAS-MFP was investigated through adsorption experiments. The results fit the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, indicating that SAS-MFP primarily adsorbs via chemisorption. Optimized SPE conditions led to the highest recovery (97.6 %) for four TCs under pH 7, using 400 mg of sorbent, a flow rate of 120 s·mL −1 , 5 % acetonitrile as the rinsing solvent, and 5 mL of 1 M oxalic acid–acetonitrile (1,4, v v −1 ) as the eluent. Furthermore, the limit of detection for TCs in blank water samples ranged from 0.09 to 0.12 μg·L −1 , with inter-day and intra-day relative standard deviations ranging from 2.46 % to 7.38 % and 4.58 % to 9.31 %, respectively, demonstrating the method's sensitivity and reproducibility for practical applications.
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ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
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2024
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IF 6.2
Xiaoping Lin,Xin Nie,Ruiyin Xie,Zonghua Qin,Meimei Ran,Quan Wan,Jingxin Wang
The widespread utilization of plastic products ineluctably leads to the ubiquity of nanoplastics (NPs), causing potential risks for aquatic environments. Interactions of NPs with mineral surfaces may affect NPs transport, fate and ecotoxicity. This study aims to investigate systematically the deposition and aggregation behaviors of carboxylated polystyrene nanoplastics (COOH-PSNPs) by four types of clay minerals (illite, kaolinite, Na-montmorillonite, and Ca-montmorillonite) under various solution chemistry conditions (pH, temperature, ionic strength and type). Results demonstrate that the deposition process was dominated by electrostatic interactions. Divalent cations (i.e., Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Cd 2+ , or Pb 2+ ) were more efficient for screening surface negative charges and compressing the electrical double layer (EDL). Hence, there were significant increases in deposition rates of COOH-PSNPs with clay minerals in suspension containing divalent cations, whereas only slight increases in deposition rates of COOH-PSNPs were observed in monovalent cations (Na + , K + ). Negligible deposition occurred in the presence of anions (F − , Cl − , NO 3− , CO 3 2− , SO 4 2− , or PO 4 3− ). Divalent Ca 2+ could incrementally facilitate the deposition of COOH-PSNPs through Ca 2+ -assisted bridging with increasing CaCl 2 concentrations (0–100 mM). The weakened deposition of COOH-PSNPs with increasing pH (2.0–10.0) was primarily attributed to the reduce in positive charge density at the edges of clay minerals. In suspensions containing 2 mM CaCl 2 , increased Na + ionic strength (0–100 mM) and temperature (15–55 ◦ C) also favored the deposition of COOH-PSNPs. The ability of COOH-PSNPs deposited by four types of clay minerals followed the sequence of kaolinite > Na-montmorillonite > Ca-montmorillonite > illite, which was related to their structural and surface charge properties. This study revealed the deposition behaviors and mechanisms between NPs and clay minerals under environmentally representative conditions, which provided novel insights into the transport and fate of NPs in natural aquatic environments.
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危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）