Journal of Materials Chemistry A
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2025
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IF 9.5
Zhuangzhuang Ma,Jiale Zhang,Zelin Ma,Minghao Lou,Peijin Zou,Hongqiang Wang,Lichao Jia
Eutectogels possess significant potential for use in wearable flexible sensors due to their low volatility, chemical stability, and high ionic conductivity. However, most eutectogels face challenges such as intransparency, non-adhesion, and limited mechanical strength, which hinder their practical applications. In this study, we designed and successfully constructed a novel zwitterionic dual-network (DN) eutectogel to address these limitations and analysed the interactions within the polymer by molecular dynamics. This eutectogel comprises a pre-polymerized network of [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl) (DMAPS) and physically crosslinked acrylic acid-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)acrylamide copolymers (p(AA-co-HEMAA)). The DN eutectogels exhibit exceptional properties, including high strength (0.569 MPa), elongation at break (637%), toughness (2.529 MJ m−3), and high transparency (∼89%). Additionally, they possess good adhesion and stability. Flexible sensors with high sensitivity, a wide detection range, and excellent stability were fabricated from these eutectogels and tested with various applications, including limb motion detection, handwriting recognition, and Morse code translation. This study not only showcases a high-performance eutectogel-based sensing material but also paves the way for the development of multifunctional wearable devices in the future.
研究领域:
材料科学
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生物医学工程
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高影响因子
ACS Applied Polymer Materials
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2025
·
IF 4.7
Yaolong Zhi,Maohua Li,Xuelei Ma,Xinyue Zhu,Jiakang Yuan,Yunhong Xin,Yu Fang,Junxia Peng
Ionic hydrogels and ionogels have been widely utilized as ionic thermoelectric (iTE) materials for converting low-grade heat to usable electricity. However, developing iTE gels that possess environmental tolerance, long-lasting usability, and biofriendliness remains challenging. Herein, we present a highly transparent polymer eutectogel comprising a green eutectic solvent (ES) along with a lithium salt. This eutectogel exhibits a high ionic conductivity of 20.2 mS cm–1 and an ionic Seebeck coefficient of 9.7 mV K–1. Thanks to the excellent freeze-resistant property of ES, the ionic conductivity can still reach 7.6 mS cm–1 even at −20 °C. Additionally, the interaction between the polymer network and ES prevents crystallization within as-prepared eutectogel, instead resulting in a glass transition at −114 °C, slightly lower than a glass transition temperature of ES at −113 °C. Furthermore, as-prepared eutectogel demonstrates exceptional long-term solvent retention, showing no weight loss when exposed to an ambient environment (∼23 °C, ∼60% RH) for 7 days and maintaining 90% of its weight after being placed in an oven for 1 day (50 °C, ∼30% RH with strong air circulation). As-prepared eutectogel also shows excellent stability of TE performance over a wide range of relative humidity. The homemade device utilized as-prepared eutectogel shows the potential to directly power some small electronic devices (such as light-emitting diodes and timers) and to recover wasted heat generated by solar panels. Our results provide a foundation for the development of biofriendly TE gel-like materials that exhibit outstanding environmental tolerance and long-lasting usability.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源技术
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DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2024
·
IF 8.3
Xinru Li,Zhongxu Li,Zixian Guo,Chen Zhang,Xueer Xu,Jiangping Tu,Xiuli Wang,Changdong Gu
Gel electrolytes have attracted extensive attention in flexible batteries. However, the traditional hydrogel electrolyte is not enough to solve the fundamental problems of zinc anodes, such as dendrite growth, side reactions, and freezing failure at temperatures below zero, which seriously restricts the development of zinc-ion batteries. As a flexible energy storage device, the zinc-ion battery inevitably undergoes multiple stretches, bends, folds, or twists in daily use. Here, a self-healing and stretchable eutectogel, designated as deep eutectic solvent–acrylamide eutectic gel (DA-ETG), was developed as a solid-state electrolyte for zinc-ion batteries. This gel was prepared by immobilizing a high-concentration ZnCl2 deep eutectic solvent (DES) into a polyacrylamide matrix through in situ polymerization under ultraviolet light. The eutectogel electrolyte showed exceptional mechanical properties with a maximum fracture strength of 0.6 MPa and a high ionic conductivity of 6.4 × 10–4 S cm–1. The in situ polymerization of the DA-ETG electrolyte in the assembly of a full solid-state zinc-ion battery increased the electrode–electrolyte interface area contact, reduced the ion transport distance between the electrode and electrolyte, minimized the internal resistance, and enhanced the battery’s long-term cycling stability. Using the DA-ETG electrolyte, a remarkably high capacity of 580 mAh g–1 at 0.1 A g–1 was achieved by the zinc-ion battery, and a considerable capacity of 234 mAh g–1 was maintained even at 5 A g–1, showing exceptional rate performance. After 2000 cycles at 2 A g–1, the cell with the eutectogel retained a capacity of 85% with a cycling efficiency close to 98%, which demonstrated excellent cycling stability. The self-healing function enabled the prepared soft battery to be reused multiple times, with full contact between the electrode and electrolyte interface, and without device failures.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源存储
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PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Materials Chemistry B
·
2026
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IF 6.2
Naijun Dong,Chuanxiang Wei,Xiaoshi He,Min Li,Bo Tan,Jiajun Fang,Yuesheng Dong,Yaqin Sun,Zhilong Xiu,Yongxin Qin,Xiaoguang Xu
Chronic diabetic wounds are difficult to treat due to persistent hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and bacterial infections. Antibiotic therapy is prone to drug resistance, and likewise, photothermal therapy suffers from the risk of thermal injury to surrounding healthy tissues. This study developed a polyacrylic acid (PAA)-based eutectogel (EG) loaded with baicalein (BAI) and MXene nanosheets (BAI–MXene/PAA EG), which integrates multiple functions including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial and pro-angiogenic properties. MXene generated a low-temperature photothermal effect at ca. 45 °C under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. The incorporation of baicalein further improved the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of the eutectogel with desired biosafety and biocompatibility. BAI–MXene/PAA EG exhibited excellent antibacterial performance against multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli and MDR S. aureus, with bacterial survival rates as low as 0.03% and 0.22%, respectively. In addition, BAI–MXene/PAA EG promoted the proliferation of HUVECs and HaCaT cells and effectively scavenged intracellular ROS. In vivo studies confirmed that BAI–MXene/PAA EG promoted cell proliferation and induced angiogenesis. By combining nanomaterials with active components from traditional Chinese medicine, this research provides new insights into the future development of wound dressings and holds great potential in the clinical treatment of diabetic infected wounds.
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PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Materials Chemistry B
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2026
·Vol. 14
·期 18
·5707-5723
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IF 6.2
Nanxiang Zhang,Haoyun Tan,Mingxin Xu,An Liu
Diabetic wounds, characterized by delayed healing and susceptibility to infection, pose a significant clinical challenge. Glabridin (GLD), a natural product, has the potential to promote wound repair, but its application is hindered by poor solubility and low photostability. This study developed a novel adhesive deep eutectic gel (eutectogel) by combining a deep eutectic solvent (DES) formed from sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) and levulinic acid (Lev) with chitosan (CS) for the efficient delivery of GLD. This system integrates DES with CS through supramolecular interactions, simultaneously addressing the solubility and photostability issues of GLD. The DES not only acts as a solubilizer but also serves as a dynamic crosslinker within the gel network, imparting favorable mechanical properties. The resulting GLD/CS/DES gel formed a flexible patch, enabling sustained GLD release for over 10 days and effectively protecting GLD from photodegradation. In vitro antibacterial assays demonstrated over 99% efficacy against S. aureus and E. coli, with the mechanism of action linked to disruption of bacterial cell membrane integrity. In an infected diabetic wound model, the GLD/CS/DES gel significantly accelerated wound healing, achieving a wound closure rate of 94.3% by day 21. Mechanistic studies revealed that the GLD/CS/DES gel ameliorated the immune microenvironment, promoted angiogenesis, and tissue regeneration by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibiting the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, and facilitating macrophage polarization from the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to the reparative M2 phenotype. In summary, the GLD/CS/DES gel developed in this study integrates antibacterial, immunomodulatory, and pro-angiogenic functions, offering a promising therapeutic strategy for the management of infected diabetic wounds.
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DOI
高影响因子
MATERIALS & DESIGN
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2026
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IF 8.2
Nanxiang Zhang,Haoyun Tan,Mingxin Xu,An Liu
Diabetic wounds are hard to heal and prone to infection. Glabridin (GLD) can promote wound repair but suffers from poor solubility and photostability. This study developed an adhesive eutectogel (GLD/CS/DES) by combining a deep eutectic solvent (DES) formed from sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin and levulinic acid with chitosan (CS). The DES not only solubilizes GLD but also acts as a dynamic crosslinker, imparting favorable mechanical properties. The gel enabled sustained GLD release for over 10 days and effectively protected GLD from photodegradation. In vitro antibacterial assays demonstrated > 99% efficacy against S. aureus and E. coli by disrupting bacterial membrane integrity. In an infected diabetic wound model, the gel achieved a wound closure rate of 94.3% by day 21. Mechanistic studies revealed that the gel scavenged reactive oxygen species, inhibited the NF-κB pathway, and promoted macrophage polarization from the pro-inflammatory M1 to the reparative M2 phenotype, thereby ameliorating the immune microenvironment, enhancing angiogenesis, and accelerating tissue regeneration.
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高影响因子
Journal of Energy Storage
·
2025
·
IF 9.8
Yapeng He,Xinyuan Bai,Jianming Feng,Lifeng Yan
Zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs) with high voltage and long cycle life are promising. However, active water in most aqueous electrolytes limits the electrochemical stability window and promotes side reactions, resulting in an unsatisfactory cycle life. Herein, a novel low-cost “water in deep-eutectic-solvent (DES)” electrolyte composed of Zn(Ac) 2 and methylurea (Mu) is reported to expand the electrochemical stability window to >2.7 V, significantly higher than common aqueous electrolytes. Benefiting from a water-starved solvation sheath, the zinc anode was protected from dendritic growth and side reactions by reducing the participation of H 2 O during zinc plating and 3D diffusion of zinc ions in the eutectic electrolyte. Therefore, the assembled Zn//ZM-30 (the mass of Zn(Ac) 2 /Mu DES: the mass of water = 100: 30) //N-rGO@Ti ZHSC displayed excellent capacitance retention of 90.8 % after constant current charge/discharge for 9300 cycles at 10 A g −1 , while the Zn//ZM-30//Zn symmetric cells can work stably for >1100 h at 1 mA cm −2 . Additionally, the ZHSC with ZM-30 also demonstrated a high power density of 4004.3 W kg −1 (41.6 Wh kg −1 ) at 8 A g −1 and a high energy density of 167.7 Wh kg −1 (462.5 W kg −1 ) at 0.5 A g −1 . Next, a new eutectogel electrolyte was prepared and it perfectly inherited the advantages of liquid eutectic electrolytes, which kept 85.2 % capacitance retention after 8000 cycles at 5 A g −1 . Meanwhile, it obtained excellent mechanical properties and met the application of quasi-solid flexible energy storage devices under deformation conditions.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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能源存储
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DOI
高影响因子
Nano Energy
·
2022
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IF 19.069
Yufan Feng,Jie Yu,Dan Sun,Chao Dang,Wenfeng Ren,Changyou Shao,Runcang Sun
Hydrogel-based triboelectric nanogenerators (H-TENGs) are emerging as an appealing platform for the wearable electronics owing to their attractive mechanical flexibilities and conductive properties. However, time- and energy-consuming polymerization process of hydrogel and inevitable freezing of water within hydrogel networks at sub-zero temperature severely limit the practical applications of H-TENGs. To address the issues, we herein report a transparent, stretchable, anti-freezing, and self-healable TENG based on the ultrafast fabricated eutectogels for energy harvesting and self-powered sensors. The eutectogel electrode is initially constructed by a dynamic oxidation and coordination system composed of sulfonated lignin (SL) and Fe 3+ . After immersed in deep eutectic solvent (DES), the obtained eutectogels with high stretchability (~450%), transparency (93.5%) and ionic conductivity (8.70 mS cm −1 ) can be retained even in extreme temperature as low as − 80 °C. Notably, the eutectogel assembled TENGs (E-TENGs) show high and stable electrical output performances including open-circuit voltage of 105 V, short-circuit current of 0.5 µA, short-circuit charge of 10 nC, and power density up to 53 mW m −2 . The E-TENG with a self-charging system can easily light up 20 light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and charge up capacitors to drive commercial electronics by harvesting energy. Moreover, as a proof of concept , the flexible E-TENG can serve as a self-powered biomechanical sensor to realize the real-time monitoring of various human motions, which provide a promising and versatile platform for environment adaptable hydrogel-based TENG with reliable output performance and self-healing ability.
研究领域:
材料科学
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纳米技术
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能量收集
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可穿戴电子
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传感器
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高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
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2022
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IF 10.383
Zhongxu Li,Xueer Xu,Zhao Jiang,Jiayi Chen,Jiangping Tu,Xiuli Wang,Changdong Gu
A eutectogel (ETG) based on immobilizing a zinc salt deep eutectic solvent (DES) in a silk protein backbone is prepared by a coagulating bath method as a solid electrolyte for Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs). The Zn salt DES is composed by ethylene glycol (EG), urea, choline chloride (ChCl), and zinc chloride (ZnCl2) with a molar ratio of 6:10:3:3. A strong bonding of the DES liquid to the silk protein backbone is formed between protein macromolecules and the DES due to plenty of hydrogen bonds in both materials. The as-prepared ETG membrane is dense and has no obvious void defects, which possesses a fracture strength of 7.58 MPa and environmental stability. As a solid electrolyte, the ETG membrane exhibits a higher Zn2+ transference number of about 0.60 and a high ionic conductivity (12.31 mS cm–1 at room temperature and 3.63 mS cm–1 at −20 °C). A ZHSC (Zn∥ETG∥C) with the silk protein-based ETG electrolyte is assembled by Zn and active carbon as the anode and the cathode, respectively, which delivers a specific capacitance of 342.8 F g–1 at a current density of 0.2 A g–1 and maintains excellent cycling stability with 80% capacitance retention after 20,000 cycles at a high current rate (5 A g–1) at room temperature. Moreover, the Zn∥ETG∥C device can safely work under a lower temperature of about −18 °C and damaging situations, such as folding states and even cutting tests. The interface evolutions between the Zn anode and the ETG electrolyte are explored, and it was found that a ZnCO3/Zn(CH2OCO2)2 solid electrolyte interphase is in situ formed on the Zn anode, which can inhibit the growth of Zn dendrites. This work provides a new way to fabricate advanced electrolytes for applications in Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源存储
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纳米技术
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
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2023
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IF 9.5
Qianwen Lu,Hengfeng Li,Zhijian Tan
Ionic conductive eutectogels have great application prospects in wearable strain sensors owing to their temperature tolerance, simplicity, and low cost. Eutectogels prepared by cross-linking polymers have good tensile properties, strong self-healing capacities, and excellent surface-adaptive adhesion. Herein, we emphasize for the first time the potential of zwitterionic deep eutectic solvents (DESs), in which betaine is a hydrogen bond acceptor. Polymeric zwitterionic eutectogels were prepared by directly polymerizing acrylamide in zwitterionic DESs. The obtained eutectogels owned excellent ionic conductivity (0.23 mS cm–1), superior stretchability (approximately 1400% elongation), self-healing (82.01%), self-adhesion, and wide temperature tolerance. Accordingly, the zwitterionic eutectogel was successfully applied in wearable self-adhesive strain sensors, which can adhere to skins and monitor body motions with high sensitivity and excellent cyclic stability over a wide temperature range (−80 to 80 °C). Moreover, this strain sensor owned an appealing sensing function on bidirectional monitoring. The findings in this work can pave the way for the design of soft materials with versatility and environmental adaptation.
研究领域:
材料科学
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生物医学工程
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柔性电子
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Energy Storage
·
2025
·
IF 9.8
Jie Li,Xiangyu Lin,Shanshan Wang,Linyuan Chen,He Liu,Hongxiao Wang,Qingtao Li,Xu Xu
As demand for wearable electronic devices grows, developing flexible supercapacitors with gel electrolytes has become imperative. To address the low conductivity and poor low-temperature resistance of conventional gel electrolytes, herein, a novel solvent-tethered strategy is proposed and the in-situ polymerization is employed to prepare the eutectogel integrated electrode with high conductivity and low-temperature resistance. Specifically, glycerol (GLy) is incorporated as a tether to bind with acrylic acid (AA, hydrogen bond donor), thus allowing it easier for the quaternary ammonium cations (Ch + ) of the choline chloride (ChCl, hydrogen bond acceptor) to migrate, thereby improving the ionic conductivity. Theoretical validation via density functional theory confirms the feasibility of this strategy. The resulting eutectogel electrolyte (CAG-1.2) exhibits a high conductivity of 17.0 mS cm −1 at room temperature and remains unfrozen at −90 °C. Moreover, the symmetrical electrode supercapacitor based on CAG-1.2 delivers a specific capacitance of 170 F g −1 and demonstrates remarkable cycling stability over 40,000 cycles, operating effectively even in extreme environments. This strategy provides a new theoretical reference for designing high-performance flexible electronic devices.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源存储
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DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2025
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IF 13.2
Zijie Wang,Baiwen Qi,Ruizi Wang,Ze Chen,Jingming Zhong,Zheng Wang,Qingfeng Sun,Aixi Yu,Xiaoping Shen,Hongxia Xie
Intelligent gel dressings that integrate therapeutic functions with real-time monitoring capabilities have shown considerable promise in diabetic wound treatment. However, current smart dressings often ignore issues such as resistant bacteria infections and the long-term monitoring stability. Herein, a smart cellulose-based eutectogel dressing with high sensitivity, long-term stability, and excellent anti-drug resistant bacteria activities is devised using deep eutectic solvent (DES)-replacement method for the promotion of infected diabetic wound repair and real-time monitoring of wound status. Benefiting from multiple hydrogen bonding, chemical cross-linking and electrostatic interactions, the obtained eutectogels exhibit excellent mechanical properties (16.83 kPa stress and 190.32 % strain), good conductivity (1.14 S/m), and environmental tolerance. Furthermore, the eutectogels demonstrate outstanding temperature-responsive properties (TCR = −0.99 %/°C), which could accurately and steadily sense wound temperature fluctuations for real-time monitoring of the healing status. Additionally, the biocompatible eutectogels efficiently eliminate multidrug-resistant bacteria (reached 99.99 %), attributed to disruption of bacterial membrane through electrostatic interaction. Notably, in vitro biofilm studies confirmed the eutectogels effectively prevent multidrug-resistant bacteria biofilm formation. The in vivo experiments on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-infected diabetic wounds have demonstrated that the eutectogels can effectively inhibit bacteria growth, reduce inflammatory response, promote collagen deposition and accelerate diabetic wounds healing. This work presents a promising therapeutic approach for the diagnosis and therapy in MRSA-infected chronic diabetic wounds.
研究领域:
生物材料
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生物医学工程
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伤口愈合
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抗菌治疗
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智能传感器
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纳米技术
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组织工程
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传染病学
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糖尿病研究
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高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）