Environmental Science-Processes & Impacts
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2013
·Vol. 16
·期 3
·524-533
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IF 0
Shaolin Li,Wei Wang,Weile Yan,Wei-xian Zhang
A field demonstration was conducted to assess the feasibility of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) for the treatment of wastewater containing high levels of Cu(II). Pilot tests were performed at a printed-circuit-board manufacturing plant, treating 250 000 L of wastewater containing 70 mg L−1 Cu(II) with a total of 55 kg of nZVI. A completely mixed reactor of 1,600 L was operated continuously with flow rates ranging from 1000 to 2500 L h−1. The average Cu(II) removal efficiency was greater than 96% with 0.20 g L−1 nZVI and a hydraulic retention time of 100 min. The nZVI reactor achieved a remarkably high volumetric loading rate of 1876 g Cu per m3 per day for Cu(II) removal, surpassing the loading rates of conventional technologies by more than one order of magnitude. The average removal capacity of nZVI for Cu(II) was 0.343 g Cu per gram of Fe. The Cu(II) removal efficiency can be reliably regulated by the solution Eh, which in turn is a function of nZVI input and hydraulic retention time. The ease of separation and recycling of nZVI contribute to process up-scalability and cost effectiveness. Cu(II) was reduced to metallic copper and cuprite (Cu2O). The end product is a valuable composite of iron and copper (∼20–25%), which can partially offset the treatment costs.
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JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
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2025
·
IF 8.4
Xiao-Ming Zou,Tiao Zhang,Yu-Hua Dong,Cui Hu,Li Yin,Yu-Ling Zheng,Mi Li,Xiao-Yu Xiao,Wei Hui
Sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs) are widely used in the biomedical field but pose an environmental risk as ecotoxic pollutants. Developing eco-friendly methods to degrade SAs into harmless compounds is crucial. In this work, biochar (BC) was prepared from rice straw via pyrolysis and used to support S-nZVI, thereby forming the S-nZVI/BC composites. The results show high SAs removal efficiency (up to 98.3%) at optimal Fe/C and Fe/S molar ratios of 3:1 and 50:1, respectively, with strong tolerance to coexisting ions. Furthermore, the effectiveness of S-nZVI/BC(Fe 3 /C 1 , Fe 50 /S 1 ) sample was validated using five real wastewaters, and the results showed consistent performance, stability and reusability. Mechanistic studies revealed that S-nZVI/BC synergized with persulfate to enhance the reactivity of sulfate-free radical (SO 4− ·) and Fe 2+ . The degradation pathways of SAs, involving electrophilic substitution and nucleophilic attack, were elucidated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. These insights were instrumental in comprehending the degradation mechanism of SAs. Additionally, the degradation dynamics of ten SAs were further analyzed using quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models and principal component analysis (PCA). Hence, this work highlights the potential of S-nZVI/BC for industrial wastewater treatment, providing insights into the degradation mechanisms and pathways of SAs.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
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高影响因子
Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering
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2018
·Vol. 12
·期 4
·1-11
·
IF 1.961
Wang Xiangyu,Lian Weitao,Sun Xin,Ma Jun,Ning Ping
Polydopamine/NZVI@biochar composite (PDA/NZVI@BC) with high removal efficiency of tetracycline (TC) in aqueous solutions was successfully synthesized. The resultant composite demonstrated high reactivity, excellent stability and reusability over the reaction course. Such excellent performance can be attributed to the presence of the huge surface area on biochar (BC), which could enhance NZVI dispersion and prolong its longevity. The carbonyl group contained on the surface of biochar could combine with the amino group on polydopamine(PDA). The hydroxyl groups in PDA is able to enhance the dispersion and loading of NZVI on BC. Being modified by PDA, the hydrophilicity of biochar was improved. Among BC, pristine NZVI and PDA/NZVI@BC, PDA/ NZVI@BC exhibited the highest activity for removal of TC. Compared with NZVI, the removal efficiency of TC could be increased by 55.9% by using PDA/NZVI@BC under the same conditions. The optimal modification time of PDA was 8h, and the ratio of NZVI to BC was 1:2. In addition, the possible degradation mechanism of TC was proposed, which was based on the analysis of degraded products by LC-MS. Different important factors impacting on TC removal (including mass ratio of NZVI to BC/PDA, initial concentration, pH value and the initial temperature of the solution) were investigated as well. Overall, this study provides a promising alternative material and environmental pollution management option for antibiotic wastewater treatment.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
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高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2019
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IF 8.355
Longqian Xu,Kaili Yan,Yunfeng Mao,Deli Wu
Using copper and/or iron based nanomaterial to activate dioxygen to produce free radicals is an alternative and environmental friendly technique, but the low conversion efficiency of oxygen and the rate-limiting step of superoxide radical generation limit current application. In present work, Cu 0 nano-shell-decorated nZVI (CFNs) was synthesized and employed to enhance the activation of oxygen for the removal of arsenic at circumneutral pH. The adsorption and oxidation pathways of arsenic were investigated by determination of arsenic distribution and radical scavenger methods. The results showed that the removal of arsenic by CFNs involved the initial step of As III adsorption by ferrihydrite followed by the oxidation of As III by hydroxyl radical ( OH abs ) and superoxide radical ( O 2 − abs ) radicals. In the presence of oxygen, the removal capacity of CFNs was improved twice than that of conventional nZVI (i.e. 453 mg/g and 263 mg/g, respectively). We inferred that Cu I in-situ generated in heterogeneous catalysis was of increasing importance and the O 2 – abs produced from the activation of dioxygen was regarded as the key factor in the generation of H 2 O 2 at pH 7. The enhancement of Cu I generation mainly because of: (i) the facial loading of Cu 0 shell accelerated the generation of Cu I , (ii) reductive Fe 0 core contributed to the regeneration of Cu I , and (iii) the generation of ferrihydrite with high specific surface area favored the adsorption of oxygen. Hence, CFNs enhanced the electron transfer between Cu I /Fe II and O 2 , increased the utilization efficiency of oxidants and improved the effectiveness of the functional nanoparticles for environmental applications.
研究领域:
环境科学
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纳米材料科学
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Nanomaterials
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2017
·Vol. 7
·期 10
·303
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IF 3.553
Haijiao Lu,Jingkang Wang,Hongxun Hao,Ting Wang
With a large specific surface area, high reactivity, and excellent adsorption properties, nano zerovalent iron (nZVI) can degrade a wide variety of contaminants in wastewater. However, aggregation, oxidation, and separation issues greatly impede its wide application. In this study, MoS2/Fe3O4/nZVI nanocomposites were successfully synthesized by a facile step-by-step approach to overcome these problems. MoS2nanosheets (MNs) acted as an efficient support for nZVI and enriched the organic pollutants nearby, leading to an enhanced removal efficiency. Fe3O4nanoparticles (NPs) could not only suppress the agglomeration and restacking of MNs, but also facilitate easy separation and recovery of the nanocomposites. The synergistic effect between MNs and Fe3O4NPs effectively enhanced the reactivity and efficiency of nZVI. In the system, Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III) by nZVI in the nanocomposites, and Fe2+produced in the process was combined with H2O2to further remove 4-Chlorophenol (4-CP) through a Fenton reaction. Furthermore, the nanocomposites could be easily separated from wastewater by a magnet and be reused for at least five consecutive runs, revealing good reusability. The results demonstrate that the novel nanocomposites are highly efficient and promising for the simultaneous removal of Cr(VI) and 4-CP in wastewater.Keywords:nZVI;modification;nanocomposites;Cr(VI);4-CP;Fenton reaction;pollution treatment;recyclability;wastewater
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
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高影响因子
Journal of Cleaner Production
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2024
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IF 9.7
Bo Cao,Jianhua Qu,Wenhui Bian,Qiqi Hu,Xinyan Fu,Guangshan Zhang,Yuezhi Zhang,Yue Tao,Zhao Jiang,Ying Zhang
Persulfate (PS) activation by nano zerovalent iron (nZVI) is promising for water purification, which is restricted due to its easy agglomeration and oxidation. Herein, porous hydrochar loaded nZVI (nZVI@PHC) was successfully synthesized by one-step process. nZVI@PHC not only had excellent adsorption capacity (178.6 mg/g) and abundant functional groups, but also possessed highly dispersed nZVI for PS activation to produce reactive oxygen species. Impressively, 0.2 g/L of nZVI@PHC (PHC/nZVI = 5:3) and 0.4 g/L of PS could achieve 99.7 % of phenol removal within 10 min. Moreover, nZVI@PHC/PS system showed superior applicability among wide range of initial pH (3.0–9.0) and temperatures (25–55 °C). Phenol removal mechanisms were elaborated by dissolved iron ions, scavenging experiments, and electronic paramagnetic spectrometer. As a result, both non-free radical pathway mediated by O 2 1 and free radical pathway ( S O 4 • − , H O • , and O 2 • − ) participated in phenol degradation. Additionally, nZVI@PHC/PS system had favorable reusability and high tolerance to co-existing substance and different water bodies. This study provides a promising strategy to tailor highly active nZVI for PS activation to organic contaminants degradation.
研究领域:
环境科学
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催化材料
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高影响因子
Desalination and Water Treatment
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2025
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IF 1
Da Ma,Xusheng Li,Huian Zou,Yi Qian,Mengqi Li,Wenchuan Xu
Nano zero-valent iron (NZVI) was successfully stabilized by using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC). Systematic characterization observations (including XRD, TEM, FTIR, and VSM), as well as settling performance, illustrated that, compared to bare nano zero-valent iron particles (NZVI), the dispersity and antioxidizability of HPMC-stabilized nanoscale zero-valent iron particles (H-NZVI) were improved. Nitrate reduction efficiencies by using iron powder, NZVI, H-NZVI-5, H-NZVI-10, and H-NZVI-20 were examined, and the results showed that a moderate amount of HPMC in modification can help prevent the aggregation of NZVI and achieve high reduction efficiency. Excessive HPMC in preparation led to a decline in reduction efficiency. In addition, effects of initial pH, dissolved oxygen concentrations, and reaction temperatures on nitrate removal were studied. The results showed that the efficiency decreased with increases in initial pH and dissolved oxygen concentrations. However, the stabilized NZVI showed great superiority to bare NZVI, maintaining high activity even at basic pH or aerobic conditions. Pseudo first-order kinetics was applied to study nitrate reduction kinetics and confirmed to correlate well with experimental data. Through analysis of rate constants at different temperatures, the apparent activation energy for nitrate reduction by H-NZVI-10 was calculated to be approximately 15.18 kJ/mol. This study demonstrates that HPMC-stabilized NZVI can serve as a promising nanomaterial for enhancing nitrate reduction of nitrate.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
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ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
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2025
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IF 7.7
Changyu Li,Suo Wang,Haoning Zhou,Xianqiang Gao,Weijie Shi,Shiyun Ai,Jichun Wu,Yuanyuan Sun
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) poses a significant and persistent threat to groundwater due to its stability, high mobility, and carcinogenicity. Conventional permeable reactive barrier (PRB) fillers, like nano zero-valent iron (nZVI), face challenges including nanoparticle aggregation and passivation. To overcome these limitations, this study developed nitrogen-doped carbon-stabilized nZVI (nZVI@NC) using a scalable, solvent-free method combining mechanochemical ball-milling and pyrolysis. The synthesized core-shell nZVI@NC material effectively encapsulates nZVI within graphitic carbon, significantly improving its dispersion and reactivity (with an average crystallite size of 24.78 nm). A concentration of 100 mg/L of nZVI@NC adsorbed 83.5 % of PFOA within a 2-h timeframe, and the isotherms revealed an outstanding PFOA uptake capacity of 162 mg/g. Column experiments confirmed practical efficacy: using 50 mg nZVI@NC achieved complete PFOA removal (initial influent: 0.1 mg/L, Darcy velocity: 0.81 m/day) with no breakthrough for the first 1188 mL. Furthermore, a removal efficiency of 61.3 % was sustained in actual groundwater. Mechanistic studies (XPS, SEM-EDS, AIMD simulations) revealed a biphasic adsorption process: an initial rapid phase driven by physicochemical interactions, followed by a diffusion phase governed by pore embedding. This work establishes nZVI@NC as an efficient, scalable, and high-performance PRB filler for sustainable in situ remediation of PFOA-contaminated groundwater.
研究领域:
环境科学
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环境工程
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纳米材料
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水污染治理
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土壤与地下水修复
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高影响因子
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
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2022
·
IF 7.926
Junyuan Guo,Jianying Jiang,Yihua Chen,Xiaoying Wen,Wenjing Chen,Yifan Wang,Lin Su,Jing Cao
In order to achieve efficient adsorptive and oxidative removal of pyrene, a persulfate oxidation system with composite nZVI-BC prepared by loading nano-zero-valent iron on coconut shell biochar as an activator was established and applied. The results of adsorption experiments showed that at pH 3, when the dosages of BC, nZVI and nZVI-BC were all 1.5 g/L, the removal efficiency of pyrene reached 64.9%, 19.0%, and 61.2%, respectively after 120 min of adsorption. The best performance of nZVI-BC-persulfate system was achieved at pH 3, nZVI-BC 1.2 g/L and persulfate concentration 6 mM, and after 60 min of degradation, the removal efficiency of pyrene reached 99.4%. The pre-adsorption process was a promoting-step for pyrene degradation. The conversion of nZVI to Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ played an important role in the activation of persulfate to produce SO 4 •− and • OH, both of which were responsible for non-selectively oxidization pyrene. The support of BC could improve the dispersibility and activity of nZVI and improve of the above conversion. The intermediates with relatively lower toxicity were identified during pyrene degradation, and they were successively oxidized into CO 2 and H 2 O finally. In summary, nZVI-BC can be a promising catalyst for persulfate activation to degrade PAHs in wastewater.
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高影响因子
Journal of Physical Chemistry C
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2023
·
IF 3.7
Alhadi Ishag,Yanxue Yue,Weiyu Zhu,Chongyu Li,Bo Zhang,Xinshui Huang,Yubing Sun
A novel nanoscale zero-valent iron/molybdenum disulfide (nZVI/MoS2) composite was synthesized and well characterized in detail. The as-prepared materials were applied for the removal of U(VI) from water solutions under various experimental conditions. The characterizations showed that nZVI/MoS2 composites exhibited a high surface area and uniform distribution of nZVI. The maximum adsorption capacities of nZVI/MoS2 obtained from the Langmuir model (71.8 mg/g at pH 4.0 and 25 °C) were higher than that of MoS2 (39.92 mg/g) due to the synergistic effect. According to the fitting of surface complexation modeling, U(VI) removal on nZVI/MoS2 included cation exchange and inner-sphere surface complexation at low and high pH, respectively, whereas the adsorbed U(VI) was partly reduced into U(IV) by nZVI/MoS2 composites. According to analysis of XPS analysis, the enhanced removal of U(VI) on nZVI/MoS2 was due to the complexation of U(VI) with various oxygenated functional groups (e.g., −OH, Fe–O, and Mo–O functional groups) and then adsorbed U(VI) was reduced to U(IV) by Fe0 and/or Fe(II). These findings showed that nZVI/MoS2 could be used as efficient adsorbents for the high elimination of U(VI) from contaminated wastewater in environmental pollution cleanup.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2021
·
IF 13.273
Chengfang Zhang,Jingchun Tang,Feilong Gao,Chen Yu,Song Li,Honghong Lyu,Hongwen Sun
The defects of easy agglomeration and oxidation of nano zero valent iron (nZVI) limit its large-scale application in industry, especially in the field of environmental remediation. In this study, the iron nanoparticles encapsulated by graphene nano-shells which anchored on the surface of carbon substrate (nZVI@gBC) were synthesized by a one-step carbothermal reduction method aided by Tetrahydrofuran. When the mass ratio of carbon source to iron source is 2:3 and the carbothermic reduction temperature is 700 °C, stabilized nZVI @gBC can be successfully synthesized with a high iron loading rate of 32.5%. The multilayer graphene shell can effectively prevent the rapid passivation and agglomeration of the nZVI core, and the electronic interaction between the iron nanoparticles core and the graphene carbon shell further enhances the catalytic activity and stability of nZVI@gBC. Therefore, due to the unique structure of graphene nano-shells, nZVI@gBC can be stably stored in the air for more than 80 days. In addition, nZVI@gBC exhibited superior catalytic activity in the experiment of removing 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in groundwater as a persulfate activator. Notably, both the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and quenching tests showed that SO 4 •− , •OH, O 2 •− and 1 O 2 were both involved in the degradation process of 2,4-DCP, and SO 4 •− were the major active species. Simultaneously, three possible degradation pathways of 2,4-DCP were deduced by GC/MS, which were caused by dechlorination, dehydrogenation or carbon–carbon bond cleavage under the attack of SO 4 •− , •OH, O 2 •− and 1 O 2 . Besides, nZVI@gBC can use the dissolved oxygen in the liquid to generate hydroxyl radicals to effectively remove 2,4-DCP without persulfate. This kind of multifunctional nZVI@gBC may become a promising iron-carbon catalyst for large-scale applications in the field of environmental remediation.
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高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2021
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IF 13.273
Siqi Zhang,Ziang Kong,Han Wang,Qun Yan,Dimitris V. Vayenas,Guangsheng Zhang
In this study, activated biochar (BC), nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) and biochar supported nano zero-valent iron (BC-nZVI) were used to remove cathodic nitrate in bioelectrochemical system (BES). With an initial NO 3 – -N concentration of 100 mg/L, it was found that the complete nitrate removal could be observed within 28 h for the group of BC-nZVI, whereas the accumulated ammonia reached 63.33 mg/L. Meanwhile, nitrate removal reaction rate constants reached 0.171, 0.110, 0.023 and only 0.010 h −1 for BC-nZVI, nZVI, BC and the Control groups, respectively. Besides, enzymatic activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and nitrous oxide reductase (NOS) of the BC-nZVI group reached the peak faster than three other groups. As a carrier for nZVI, loading of nZVI onto BC could increase the surface area of BC-nZVI other than nZVI for microbial aggregation, while embedded nZVI would contribute to the granulation of sludge and nitrate reduction. Moreover, Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) indicated that BC-nZVI group obtain better electrochemical performances. Importantly, it was found that not only abundances of microbial genus, but relative abundances of those iron mediated enzymes responsible for electro-consuming, hydrogen production and preferential ammonia accumulated nitrate removal could all be enriched. Therefore, BC-nZVI could be implemented to enhance the nitrate removal at biocathode in BES.
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