INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2024
·
IF 7.7
Liwen Shen,Feiyang Zhao,Huijuan Liu,Jicheng Li,Yang Lu,Jun Liu,Nianzhao Gao,Shuangfei Xiang,Shujun Zhao,Guocheng Zhu,Parpiev Khabibulla,Juramirza Kayumov,Feiya Fu,Xiangdong Liu
The agricultural industry produces a substantial volume of rice straw (RS) annually, highlighting the importance of recycling RS for sustainable materials. However, the poor interfacial compatibility between RS and polymers often leads to drawbacks in their composites, such as water-swelling and limited tensile strength. Here, we propose a novel approach using Ca(OH) 2 that offers several distinct advantages: enhancement of interfacial compatibility, elimination of the need for water washing, and formation of calcified hybrid particles on fiber surfaces by capturing CO 2 from the atmosphere. The non-washing calcified rice straw (NCRS) fibers were used to fabricate composites with unsaturated polyester resin (UPR), resulting in NCRS/UPR composites exhibiting significant enhancements in water resistance and mechanical properties compared to RS/UPR composites. The NCRS/UPR composites achieved a water absorption rate below 25 %, thickness swelling rate below 10 %, and tensile strength of 19.9 MPa. This work comprehensively explored the mechanism underlying these achievements through experimental studies. Findings suggest that CaCO 3 particles involving with released lignin act as an interfacial bridge between RS fiber surface and UPR, resulting in significantly improved properties. This approach demonstrates promising prospects as a simple and eco-friendly methodology for manufacturing RS-based composite materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials
·
2022
·Vol. 32
·期 5
·1902-1912
·
IF 3.518
Song Dongdong,He Chuang,Zhang Gang,Wang Yanlin,Liang Zuoqin,Jiang Zicheng,Ma Su
Currently, the issue of natural flammability of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) severely restrains its application. In this study, polymeric flame retardant poly methyl vinyl di (1-thio-2,6,7-trioxal-1-phosphabicyclo [2.2] octane-4-methoxy) silane (PMVDOS) with P–S–Si-based cage unit was synthesized. The UPR/PMVDOS composites were prepared by adding different ratios of PMVDOS into UPR. The flame-retardant properties and the char layer structure of UPR samples were evaluated via the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test, cone calorimeter test, scanning electron microscopy, laser Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that UPR/PMVDOS composites reached the UL-94 V-0 rating with the LOI value of 27.8%, and the carbon residue increased from 4.9% for pure UPR to 14.9% when the content of PMVDOS was 18 wt%. The peaks of heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke production were comparatively reduced. The flame-retardant mechanism of PMVDOS mainly acted on the condensed phase. The surface of the matrix was covered with the polymer containing phosphorous and silicon dioxide particles, preventing the escape of flammable volatiles and isolating the exchange of oxygen and heat, thus, the degradation of the matrix could be inhibited. This research provides a solution to improve the flame retardancy of UPR.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMOSPHERE
·
2022
·
IF 8.943
Baolong Wang,Xueying Sun,Fei Lu,Yibo Shen,Ningdi Xu,Yingying Liu,Yudong Huang,Zhen Hu
Thermosetting unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) composites were found widespread industrial applications. However, the numerous stable carbon-carbon bonds in cross-linked networks made them intractable for degradation, causing the large-scale composite wastes. Here a nanoscale Fe 0 catalyst in-situ forming strategy was exploited to nondestructively recycle carbon fiber (CF) from UPR composites via Fenton-like reaction. The nano-Fe 0 catalyst employed in this strategy activated H 2 O 2 for removing UPR, featuring mild conditions and efficient degradation ability. Aiming at facile growth of the catalyst, a porous UPR was achieved by the hydrolysis of alkalic system. The nanoscale Fe 0 catalyst was subsequently formed in-situ on the surface of hydrolyzed resin by borohydride reduction. Benefiting from fast mass transfer, the in-situ grown nano-Fe 0 showed more efficient degradation ability than added nano-Fe 0 or Fe 2+ catalyst during Fenton-like reaction. The experiments indicated that hydrolyzed resin could be degraded more than 90% within 80 min, 80 °C. GC-MS, FT-IR analysis and Density functional theory (DFT) calculation were conducted to explained the fracture processes of carbon skeleton in hydrolyzed resin. Especially, a remarkable recovery process of CF from composites was observed, with a 100 percent elimination of resin. The recycled CF cloth exhibited a 99% strength retention and maintained the textile structure, microtopography , chemical structure, resulting in the nondestructive reclaim of CF. This in-situ formed nanoscale Fe 0 catalytic degradation strategy may provide a promising practical application for nondestructively recycle CF from UPR composites.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
·
2022
·
IF 11.322
Fukai Chu,Shuilai Qiu,Yifan Zhou,Xia Zhou,Wei Cai,Yulu Zhu,Lingxin He,Lei Song,Weizhao Hu
Owing to poor flame retardant efficiency and compatibility of traditional flame retardants, it is difficult to prepare unsaturated polyester resins (UPR) composites with excellent flame retardant properties. In this research, novel glycerol-based polymeric flame retardants (PCH 3 PG, PBPG and POPG) were synthesized. The effect of different side chains, phosphorus contents and combined structures on flame retardancy efficiency of UPR composites were explored. It has been found POPG was more conducive to improving char formation under high temperatures than PCH 3 PG and PBPG. However, PCH 3 PG and PBPG exhibited better flame retardant efficiency in flame retaradant UPR composites. Especially for UPR/PCH 3 PG, the flame retardant performance increased rapidly with increasing PCH 3 PG contents. With only 15 wt% of PCH 3 PG in UPR, UPR/PCH 3 PG 15% reached UL-94 V0 and 29% of LOI. When PCH 3 PG contents increased to 20 wt%, the LOI of UPR/PCH 3 PG 20% increased to 30%, and PHRR and THR were reduced by 67.93% and 57.22%, compared with pure UPR. The thermal degradation products and flame retardant mechanism in gaseous and condensed phase were studied. It was found the most efficient PCH 3 PG was mainly played flame retardant effect in gaseous phase , supplemented by the barrier effect of condensed phase. Additionally, the polymeric glycerol-based flame retardants exhibited good compatibility with UPR matrix. This work explores the high-efficiency flame retardant structures with good compatibility for UPR, promoting the wide application of UPR materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2025
·
IF 7.4
Fukai Chu,Yandong Hu,Yanbei Hou,Yuan Hu,Lei Song,Jing Wang,Weizhao Hu
Unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) suffers from high flammability and the release of toxic smoke during combustion. Although intrinsically flame retardant UPR (FRUP2), containing low-oxidation-state phosphorus structures, exhibits excellent gas-phase flame inhibition, it inevitably aggravates incomplete combustion, leading to excessive smoke and CO release. To address this limitation, a novel flame retardant (phosphotungstic acid-modified zirconium phosphate (HPW/ZrP)) was synthesized and introduced into FRUP2 and its glass fiber-reinforced composites. At an optimal loading of 3 wt%, FRUP2-HPW/ZrP achieved a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 24.2 % and a UL-94 V-0 rating. Cone calorimetry revealed significant reductions in both fire and smoke hazards: the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) decreased by 20.28 % and 9.10 %, respectively, while total smoke production (TSP) and CO yield (COY) were reduced by 18.87 % and 74.65 %, compared with FRUP2. The enhanced performance is attributed to the strong acidic sites on HPW/ZrP, which catalyze the rapid formation of a dense and graphitized char layer, effectively inhibiting heat and mass transfer and mitigating the smoke toxicity induced by low-oxidation-state phosphorus. In addition, HPW/ZrP improved the mechanical performance of FRUP2. For glass fiber-reinforced composites, HPW/ZrP maintained excellent flame retardancy and smoke suppression without compromising tensile strength. This study provides an effective strategy to overcome the smoke toxicity issue of phosphorus-containing intrinsically flame retardant UPR, offering a promising pathway toward fire-safe, high-performance polymer composites.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
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火灾安全工程
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复合材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FIBERS AND POLYMERS
·
2025
·
IF 2.3
Chen Kexin,Hu Yinchun,Zhang Yan,Jin Zhibin,Lei Qi,Li Yongcun,Zhou Qiong,Wang Yingying
Aramid fiber/unsaturated polyester resin (AF/UP) composites suffer from weak interfacial adhesion which limits their applications in demanding environment. This study proposes a synergistic modification strategy utilizing polydopamine (PDA) and \(\gamma\) -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH570) which constructs a dual-mechanism interface combining mechanical interlocking and covalent bonding. PDA layer was first formed on AF surface via dopamine (DA) oxidative self-polymerization. KH570 formed covalent bonds with PDA layer to yield KH570–PDA–AF. Multi-scale characterization revealed that PDA and KH570 were successfully grafted on AF surface. KH570–PDA–AF/UP composite achieved an interfacial strength of 35.03 MPa (a 57.4% enhancement) due to copolymerization between KH570 and UP. The tensile strength of KH570–PDA–AF/UP reached 1054.86 MPa (a 47.62% increase) and Young's modulus was 23.64 GPa (a 135.93% enhancement) compared to AF/UP. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed reduced loss modulus above 76 °C which signified optimized interfacial energy dissipation mechanisms. These results manifest that PDA–KH570 synergistic modification strategy effectively optimizes interfacial bonding of AF/UP which offers a novel approach for designing high-performance fiber-reinforced composites with both theoretical innovation and engineering applicability.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
聚合物复合材料
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表面改性
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机械工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER COMPOSITES
·
2024
·
IF 4.8
Tao Tang,Junjie Huo,Weijin Li,Chubin Lin,Fuhao Yu,Bibo Wang,Kang Dai
Both the distribution and orientation of 2D graphene nanomaterials in polymer matrices can significantly affect the performance of polymer composites. Still, preparing high-performance graphene polymer nanocomposites with a controlled distribution state is challenging. In this work, magnetically functionalized graphene oxide (MFGO), a ternary nanohybrid, was prepared using a facile method. The resulting MFGO nanofillers were incorporated into unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) with the assistance of an external magnetic field to achieve oriented alignment in the UPR matrix. Attributing to the uniform dispersion as well as the magnetic field-induced orientation of MFGO in UPR, the oriented UPR/MFGO (UPR/OMFGO) nanocomposites demonstrated much-improved mechanical and thermal properties, as the oriented UPR/MFGO2.0 (UPR/OMFGO2.0) achieved a notable increase in tensile strength to 46.71 MPa and storage modulus to 1.24 GPa. Moreover, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and peak smoke production release (PSPR) of UPR/OMFGO2.0 nanocomposite were reduced by 34.0% and 33.6%, respectively, as compared with the neat UPR. In addition, SEM, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy were employed to investigate the char residues of UPR samples, and a possible mechanism for the improved fire safety performance of the UPR/OMFGO nanocomposites was proposed. This work provides a promising strategy to design high-performance UPR nanocomposites. Highlights Magnetically functionalized graphene oxide (MFGO) nanohybrids were successfully synthesized. MFGO nanohybrids were well dispersed and orderly arranged in UPR under a magnetic field. The well-oriented MFGO significantly improved the mechanical and thermal properties of UPR. The mechanism for the enhanced fire safety performance of UPR nanocomposites was elaborated.
研究领域:
材料科学
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复合材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MATERIALS & DESIGN
·
2019
·
IF 5.77
Lubin Liu,Yue Xu,Miaojun Xu,Yintong He,Sheng Li,Bin Li
Unsaturated polyester resins (UPR) are usually used in the field of electronic appliances, but their inherent flammability and hygroscopicity severely limit their wide application. In this research, dimelamine pyrophosphate (DMPY) was synthesized and constituted a synergistic flame retardant system (FRs) with aluminum diethylphosphinate (ADP). The FRs was applied to flame retarded UPR thermosets and the fire retardancy, moisture resistance, mechanical properties and flame retarded mechanisms of UPR/FRs were comprehensively investigated. When as low as 15 wt% FRs was incorporated, UPR/FRs achieved UL-94 V-0 rating during vertical burning tests and the limiting oxygen index value reached 27.9%. FRs stimulated UPR matrix to form uniform, stiff and dense char layer on materials surface during combustion process. Besides, the phosphine and phosphine oxygen radicals and inert gases generated from FRs exerted the inhibition and dilution effect in gas phase. Thus, the heat release and effective heat combustion of UPR/FRs were conspicuously suppressed. Moreover, UPR/FRs retained satisfactory flame retardancy and mechanical performance after water resistance tests. The moisture resistance of UPR/FRs was evidently enhanced compared with UPR and it led to the maintenance of electrical insulation properties of water treated UPR/FRs. Overall, the superior fire safety, moisture resistance and electrical insulation performance promised the flame retardant UPR thermosets crucial application values in the key areas.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
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消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Polymers
·
2019
·Vol. 11
·期 9
·1528
·
IF 3.164
Zhenyu Wang,Huijun Guo,Hang Zhou,Xinfeng Ouyang,Di Jiang,Jianhua Li,Qipeng Guo,Jun Tang,Chuncai Yang
Herein, we report self-emulsifying anionic unsaturated polyester emulsions with different chain segments as novel sizing agents. The epoxy modified unsaturated polyester emulsions were synthesized via a self-emulsifying technique with no organic solvents. Emulsions were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), Zeta potential, centrifuge, and cryo-scanning electron microscopy (Cryo-SEM). The results showed that the emulsions obtained were mono-dispersed nanospheres that had adequate colloidal stability. The maximum Zeta potential of the sizing agent is −52.88 mV. In addition, these emulsions were investigated as the sizing agents in order to improve interfacial adhesion between carbon fibers (CFs) and unsaturated polyester resin (UPR). Compared with the CFs sized with the commercial epoxy sizing agent, the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of CF/UPR composites from the CFs sized by these emulsion sizing agents with three different chain structures were enhanced by 25%, 29%, and 42%, respectively. The emulsion sizing agent composed of a flexible segment synthesized from adipic acid, neopentyl glycol, and maleic anhydride is most effective and can achieve the highest enhancement of the ILSS of CF/UPR composites.Keywords:carbon fiber;unsaturated polyester;sizing agent;ILSS
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
·
复合材料工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
POWDER TECHNOLOGY
·
2020
·
IF 4.142
Zhiquan Chen,Juncheng Jiang,Yuan Yu,Qingwu Zhang,Tingting Chen,Lei Ni
ABSTRACT In order to develop an environmentally benign flame retardant for unsaturated polyester resins (UPR), an effective intumescent flame retardant architecture based on chitosan (CH) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was successfully deposited on the surface of diatomite particles by Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. With nine bilayers of CH/APP coating, UPR/ 9 BL@Dia composites exhibiting LOI value of 25.7% and V -0 rating. Cone calorimetry test reveals that 9 BL@Dia reduces the peak heat release rate and total heat release of UPR by 40.8% and 18.1%, respectively. Due to the unique morphology of 9 BL@Dia particles, UPR/ 9 BL@Dia composites achieves greater thermal stability and higher char yields than pure UPR. Based on the investigation of the gas and condensed phase, flame retardant mechanism of n BL@Dia was proposed as that APP/CH was heated to form phosphate esters, and then combined with diatomite to form a more stable and firm carbon structure, which can improve the fire safety of UPR composites.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
·
2017
·
IF 2.843
Yuan Cao,Xiu-Li Wang,Wen-Qiang Zhang,Xue-Wu Yin,Yue-Quan Shi,Yu-Zhong Wang
A novel reactive phosphorus-containing flame retardant 1,4-phenylene-bis((6-oxido-6H-dibenz[c,e][1,2]-oxaphosphorinyl) methylene) diacrylate (TDCAA-DOPO), with two symmetrical 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphena-nthrene-10-oxide structure (bi-DOPO), was synthesized and combined with unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) via cross-linking to prepare flame-retardant UPR (FR-UPR). To make clear both the effects of the bi-DOPO structure and the cross-linking reaction on the thermal stability and flame retardancy of UPR, an additive flame retardant that also owned bi-DOPO structure but without a vinyl bond, 1,4-phenylene-bis((6-oxido-6H-dibenz[c,e][1,2]-oxaphosphorinyl) carbinol) (TDCA-DOPO), was used as a contrast. The results showed that the incorporation of TDCAA-DOPO or TDCA-DOPO into UPR can reduce its peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR), as well as improve the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value. As compared to TDCA-DOPO, the reactive TDCAA-DOPO endowed FR-UPR with enhanced thermal stability, residual char, and glass transition temperature (Tg), which were even higher than those of pure UPR. Besides, their flame-retardant mechanism for UPR had been well investigated.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2016
·Vol. 6
·期 55
·49633-49642
·
IF 3.289
Ying Lin,Bin Yu,Xin Jin,Lei Song,Yuan Hu
A halogen-free phosphorus-containing monomer (TAOPO) with a P–C bond was successfully synthesized and used as a co-curing agent to prepare intrinsic flame-retardant unsaturated polyester resin (FR-UPR) by radical bulk polymerization with different TAOPO content. The thermal degradation and flame retardancy of pure UPR and FR-UPR were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), cone calorimetry tests and limiting oxygen index (LOI). As the phosphorus content increased to 3%, FR-UPR (URP-3) showed a lower peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR), reducing by 45.7% and 45.5% those of pure UPR, while the LOI value and char residue increased markedly. Besides, thermal-oxidative degradation behaviors of different UPR samples were characterized by real-time infrared spectrometry (RT-IR) and thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared (TG-FTIR) spectroscopy, revealing the degradation mechanism. Furthermore, the residual char of UPRs was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The results indicated that the incorporation of TAOPO into UPR could effectively prompt the UP matrix to form a more compact char layer which acted as a protective barrier to reduce heat release during combustion.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
·
消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）