ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
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2026
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IF 8.2
De-Min Zhang,Jia-Hui Zhang,Bo Ma,Qian Zhao,Teng-Teng Gao,Hai-Wang Zhang,Hong-Tao Wang,Hui Gao,Jia-Nan Ma
Flexible actuators, as core components of soft robots, have attracted considerable interest for converting external energy into mechanical motion. However, most existing actuators still exhibit limitations in multistimulus responsiveness, shape programmability, and mechanical stability, which severely restrict their application in complex environments. Herein, we developed a multiresponsive, programmable bilayer actuator based on MXene/cellulose nanofibers (MXC) composite film and biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) tape. By leveraging the hygroscopic, photothermal, and electrothermal properties of the MXC layer alongside the thermal expansion of the BOPP layer, the actuator achieves reversible, large-angle, and highly stable bending deformations under humidity, light, and electrical actuation. By combining pattern design and macroscopic reassembly strategy, various actuators that can realize programmable 2D-to-3D complex deformations have been demonstrated. As proof-of-concept applications, we have developed several soft robots, including a biomimetic leaf, a multiresponsive smart gripper, and a biomimetic crawling beetle robot, which hold significant potential for advancing next-generation soft robotics.
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ACS Applied Polymer Materials
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2026
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IF 5.2
Weimin Zhang,Mi Chen,Xiaotong Lu,Jianfei Liu,Lixu Yue,Hui Yang,Xiaocheng Li,Sen Yu,Wenhao Zhou
Current bone repair materials struggle to integrate mechanical support, bioactivity, and antibacterial function, particularly those capable of mimicking the multiscale structure and regulating the local ionic microenvironment of natural bone. Herein, a biomimetic multilevel composite hydrogel based on a natural luffa sponge (LS) was constructed by combining a Zn2+-coordinated LS framework (Zn-WLS) with a hydroxyapatite-reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel (HA-PVA). The Zn-WLS/HA-PVA composite hydrogel exhibited substantially enhanced mechanical properties: a compressive strength of 4.2 MPa and a Young’s modulus of 14.9 MPa at 70% strain, representing approximately 10-fold and 300-fold increases over the pure HA-PVA hydrogel, respectively. It also demonstrated high fatigue resistance and strain-responsive energy dissipation with an energy dissipation density of 23.23 kJ·m–3. In simulated body fluid, the composite hydrogel enabled relatively controlled Zn2+ release and active Ca2+ uptake, rapidly inducing the formation of a bioactive bone-like calcium-deficient apatite layer (Ca/P ≈ 1.5) on its surface. In vitro biological evaluations confirmed negligible cytotoxicity toward MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts, significantly enhanced early osteogenic differentiation, further promoted matrix mineralization and collagen deposition at the late stage of osteogenesis, and markedly upregulated the osteogenesis-associated genes Runx2, ALP, COL, and OCN, and high broad-spectrum antibacterial efficacy against both Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (>98.5% inhibition). Through a “molecular-nano-micro-macro” multiscale synergistic strategy, this work successfully fabricates a cellulose-based composite hydrogel that integrates high strength, controllable ion exchange, osteogenesis promotion, and antibacterial function, offering a promising design strategy for bone repair scaffolds with integrated mechanical and biological functions.
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高影响因子
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
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2026
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IF 7.6
Yusi Huang,Han Wang,Sining Huang,Zhiguo Li,Chengyu Wang,Siqi Huan
Achieving a balance between high strength and toughness in biodegradable polymer fibers such as poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) remains a major challenge in sustainable materials design. Notably, TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNF), featuring high aspect ratio, abundant surface hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, and excellent sustainability, serve as efficient reinforcing elements by constructing dense hydrogen-bonding networks and facilitating effective stress transfer. Here, we fabricated PVA/TOCNF composite fibers via wet spinning using a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)–water mixed coagulation bath, which optimizes solubility and spinning viscosity. The synergistic combination of TOCNF–PVA hydrogen bonding and chain alignment during spinning significantly enhanced the mechanical properties. The resulting fibers exhibit remarkable ductility (elongation at break of 442.5%) and high tensile strength (131.4 MPa in the dry state and 3.12 MPa in the wet state) within an ultrashort coagulation bath residence time (∼4.57 s in total). Compared with pure PVA fibers, their dry and wet tensile strengths increased by 406% and 165%, respectively, effectively mitigating the drastic loss of strength under wet conditions. These biocompatible and biodegradable composite fibers provide a materials-design strategy for developing next-generation sustainable and flexible fibrous systems, with potential relevance to wearable and biomedical applications.
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高影响因子
ACS Applied Polymer Materials
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2026
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IF 5.2
Xiao Yu,Jiaqi Li,Hao Zhou,Dongdong Han,Yan Xu
Chiral nematic cellulose nanocrystal films are one-dimensional photonic crystals, which receive a lot of attention in many fields, including visible sensors and actuators, anticounterfeiting, iridescent coatings, and other photonic materials that profit from the unique optical properties. Herein, we report a dual-actuated bilayer film of cellulose nanocrystals and graphene oxide for circular polarization encryption. The bilayer structure is capable of reversible shape deformation in response to humidity and NIR irradiation, accompanied by tunable circular polarization properties. The shape deformation generates the band gap of cellulose nanocrystal layer blue shift with the increase of incident light angle, and the peak wavelength of the cellulose nanocrystal layer no longer matches the original photosource. Different patterns appear on the degree of circular polarization (DOCP) distribution map resulting from incident angle-dependent circularly polarized reflection. The cellulose nanocrystal-based bilayer film shows unique potential for circular polarization display of humidity actuators.
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高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2026
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IF 12.5
Chongtao Zhao,Yi Yang,Yuanjun Yang,Ziyi Zhang,Yunhai Zhao,Shulong Zeng,Fengsong Liu,Chongxing Huang
Hydrogen-bond substitution yields thermo-moldable cellulose-based bioplastics. • The bioplastic exhibits 120 MPa superior strength and high heat resistance (200 °C). • Water-assisted thermo-molding enables fabrication of complex 3D structures. • This material offers a promising sustainable alternative to petrochemical plastics. Scalable fabrication of native cellulose into 3D sustainable products is fundamentally challenged by its intrinsic dense hydrogen bonds and rigid backbone, which render conventional thermoplastic processing unfeasible. To address the inherent trade-off between processability and mechanical performance of cellulose-based materials, herein we adopted a supramolecular hydrogen-bond substitution strategy to construct a thermo-moldable bioplastic with tunable supramolecular hydrogen-bond network via intercalating flexible polyhydroxy PVA segments into the cellulose molecules to replace rigid cellulose-cellulose hydrogen bonds with cellulose-PVA hydrogen bonds. Epichlorohydrin (ECH) was introduced to covalently bridge cellulose and PVA chains, to prevent phase separation during dissolution and regeneration. After covalent bridging with cellulose, the glass transition temperature of PVA increased significantly from 66.5 °C to 80.1 °C, which was ascribed to the formation of thermally responsive cellulose-PVA hydrogen bonding networks that dissociated at temperatures above 132.1 °C. Benefiting from robust hydrogen bonds with reversible disruption and reformation, the cellulose-derived bioplastic can be fabricated into 3D structures via water-assisted thermo-molding. Notably, the material achieved an exceptional tensile strength of 120.0 MPa together with heat resistance up to 200 °C, outperforming a variety of common plastics. Furthermore, it exhibited an oxygen permeability coefficient of 1.01 × 10 −1 cm 3 ·cm / (m 2 ·h·0.1 MPa), accompanied by moderate water stability and oil resistance. This scalable fabrication protocol simultaneously reconciles favorable thermo-moldability and superior comprehensive performance of regenerated cellulose, and paves a promising pathway toward the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass as a substitute for nondegradable petrochemical plastics. Download: Download high-res image (201KB) Download: Download full-size image
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DOI
高影响因子
CELLULOSE
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2026
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IF 4.6
Ding Yu,Li Penghui,Qian Weicheng,Wu Shubin
Efficient separation of cellulose from lignocellulosic biomass is essential for the development of sustainable cellulose-based materials. In this study, a two-step deep eutectic solvent (DES) pretreatment strategy was applied to selectively remove hemicellulose and lignin, thereby obtaining cellulose with high purity and structural integrity. The DES-treated residue exhibited an increased crystallinity index (55.72% → 74.36%) and specific surface area (0.5931 → 2.3452 m 2 /g), confirming the disruption of the dense biomass structure and the degradation of polysaccharides in non-crystalline regions. The recovered lignin showed lower molecular weight (Mw = 2972 g/mol, Mn = 1401 g/mol) and better homogeneity (PDI = 2.12). The purified cellulose was subsequently employed to fabricate cellulose-based films using [Emim][OAc]/DMSO (1:4) as solvent. The films exhibited excellent properties, including tensile strength of 25.6 ± 1.5 MPa, elongation at break of 40.5%, high transparency (90.73%), water content of 67.47%, and weight loss rate of 63.94% after 30 days. Structural analysis revealed compact crystalline regions, good compatibility between solvent and cellulose, and stable thermal and interfacial properties. These results demonstrate that dual DES pretreatment enables high-purity cellulose isolation and facilitates the preparation of biodegradable films with promising potential in agricultural applications.
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高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2026
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IF 8.7
Wenqin Zhong,Yehan Tao,Jian Du,Jinwen Hu,Chenglong Fu,Jie Lu,Yanna Lv,Haisong Wang
Hydrogel strain sensors hold great promise for artificial intelligence field. Conventional cellulose-based hydrogels suffer from compromised mechanical and electrical performance in fluctuating humidity environments due to excessive water absorption. Herein, a novel hydrophobic-conductive synergistic bilayer hydrogel is designed via a biomimetic strategy. A hydrophilic double-network matrix, comprising dialdehyde cellulose, gelatin, and polyacrylamide, is first constructed, incorporating sodium ions and polyaniline nanoparticles to establish a robust and stretchable conductive network. Subsequently, a hydrophobic layer is seamlessly integrated onto the hydrogel surface through modification with stearic acid. This bilayer architecture endows the hydrogel with exceptional liquid resistance, outstanding anti-drying and anti-swelling properties, remarkable stretchability (up to 830%), and stable adhesion to diverse substrates. Consequently, the hydrogel strain sensor maintains stable and sensitive electrical responses under varying temperatures and humidity, exhibits a tunable gauge factor, and demonstrates excellent durability over 700 stretching-releasing cycles, enabling precise monitoring of both subtle and large human motions. The hydrogel efficiently converts mechanical stimuli into electrical signals, functioning as a reliable strain sensor and a smart pressure-responsive switch. This work provides a viable design strategy for environmentally stable cellulose-based hydrogels, paving the way for their reliable application in complex scenarios such as outdoor wearables and underwater soft robotics. Download: Download high-res image (165KB) Download: Download full-size image
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高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2026
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IF 8.7
Yan Zhou,Rufei Ge,Xiaoyue Ding,Jianbo Zhao,Guohua Jiang
Obesity represents a major global public health challenge, seriously endangering human health and imposing a heavy burden on healthcare systems worldwide. In this study, an edible biomass-derived hydrogel was constructed using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as the matrix, citric acid (CA) as the covalent cross-linker, and sodium alginate (SA) and gelatin (Gel) as polyelectrolyte components. The covalently cross-linked CMC backbone endowed the hydrogel with structural rigidity and resistance to gastric acid and gastrointestinal peristaltic stress, while interpenetrating electrostatic complexes formed by SA and Gel improved swelling capacity, flexibility, and biocompatibility. The fabricated hydrogel exhibited favorable cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility, achieving an equilibrium swelling ratio of 195.92 g/g in deionized water (DIW). Its swelling ratios reached 75.16 g/g and 67.40 g/g in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF), respectively. In high-fat diet-induced obese mice, oral administration of the hydrogel significantly reduced body weight (from 32.46 g in the HFD group to 27.53 g in the treatment group), lowered serum levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL C), alleviated hepatic steatosis, and mitigated colonic epithelial hyperproliferation. Notably, the hydrogel also markedly reduced epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) weight (from 1.75 g in the HFD group to 0.52 g in the treatment group). Results from 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the hydrogel partially restored obesity-related gut dysbiosis by lowering the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio.
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高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2026
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IF 8.7
Qian Liang,Haoqing Cheng,Fuzhi Yan,Xiaomin Hu,Fen Zhu,Huabo Huang,Xianghua Yu,Yulan Liu,Jiayou Ji,Liang Li
A green route is developed for Fe₃O₄/FeN/N co-doped porous carbon aerogels from sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, tea polyphenols and polypyrrole. • Tea polyphenol−Fe 3+ coordination mitigates pyrolysis-induced framework shrinkage and enables uniform polypyrrole dispersion. • The CTP2-700 aerogel exhibits a minimum reflection loss of −58.4 dB (3.1 mm) and effective bandwidth of 5.3 GHz at 2.1 mm (20 wt% loading). • RCS simulations demonstrate good radar stealth; this work guides the design of lightweight biomass carbon-based electromagnetic absorbers. In recent years, the fabrication of lightweight porous carbon aerogels from biomass precursors has attracted considerable attention in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption. Herein, novel Fe 3 O 4 /FeN/N porous carbon aerogels were successfully synthesized using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as the carbon source, with metal-phenolic networks constructed through the coordination of tea polyphenols and Fe 3+ . These networks not only enable homogeneous dispersion of polypyrrole but also mitigate the shrinkage of carbon frameworks during high-temperature pyrolysis, thereby maintaining the structural integrity of the aerogel products. The as-prepared carbon aerogels possess a hierarchical porous structure and well-developed conductive networks. Electromagnetic parameter tests revealed that the materials achieved a minimum reflection loss of −58.4 dB at a matching thickness of 3.1 mm, together with a broad effective absorption bandwidth of 5.3 GHz at a thickness of 2.1 mm. This work offers an innovative strategy for the green and efficient utilization of cellulose-based materials and demonstrates their potential for developing lightweight, high-performance electromagnetic wave absorbers.
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高影响因子
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
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2026
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IF 7.5
Xiongbo Yang,Huiling Xiong,Ruizhen Xu,Xinyu Tan,Guiguang Qi,Yulong Qiao,Liyu Fang,Yuqi Sun,Weiwei Hu,Ji Cheng
Glycerol-modified antifreezing HPC l with LCST of 29 °C. • Record 86.1% visible modulation and 0.95 emissivity achieved. • 10.5 °C cooling effect with 77.5 W·m −2 theoretical power. • Ultra-low freezing point of −44.6 °C for cold climate use. • Stable performance maintained after 100 heating/cooling cycles. Thermochromic smart windows exhibit remarkable application advantages in the field of building energy conservation by virtue of their unique performance. Nevertheless, to meet the environmental requirements of specific scenarios, thermochromic smart windows must not only have optimal emissivity but also achieve a balanced match between high transmittance and solar reflectance. A novel hydrogel based on hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) was prepared in this study for high-performance radiative cooling smart windows. By adjusting the glycerol(Gly) content, the optimized HG₃₀ hydrogel achieves a low critical solution temperature (LCST) at approximately 29 °C. As a result, the HG smart window exhibits high emissivity (0.95), excellent visible light modulation capability (Δ T lum = 86.1%), and a prominent solar transmittance modulation (Δ T sol = 69.1%), along with a maximum transmittance of 91.01%. The HG smart window achieves a cooling effect of 10.5 °C relative to the empty double-layer glass cavity under direct sunlight, with a theoretical cooling power of 77.5 W/m 2 .After 100 high and low-temperature cycles and one month of exposure, both the transmittance and Δ T lum have no obvious changes. Moreover, the HG 30 smart window exhibits excellent antifreezing performance, ensuring sunlight transmission even under cold climate conditions. This study provides a significant reference for the development of high-performance and highly stable thermochromic smart windows, demonstrating broad application prospects in the field of building energy efficiency.
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DOI
高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
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2026
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IF 5.4
Wenjing Zeng,Jinlong Shen,Juan Jia,Mingli Wu,Zebao Rui
A perception purification material is designed for formaldehyde removal. • Bacterial cellulose aerogel modified with carbon quantum dots was applied in formaldehyde abatement. • Adsorption state of aerogels was perceived by fluorescence quenching and color variation. Formaldehyde (FA), a highly toxic, colorless and odorless at low concentrations indoor pollutant, poses a substantial threat to human health. There is an increasing demand for intelligent materials capable of simultaneously removing FA and enabling real-time visualization of their service status, a technology known as perceptual removal. Herein, carbon quantum dots (CQD) are rationally incorporated into bacterial cellulose aerogel (BC) matrix via a simple one-step method for the perceptual removal of indoor FA. The interactions between CQD and BC improve the FA adsorption capacity, from 0.05 mg/g of BC aerogel to 0.08 mg/g of the composite aerogel, and induce distinct fluorescence quenching upon exposure to FA. Benefiting from its unique optical response, the service status of CQD/BC aerogel could be evaluated based on its fluorescence state. The construction of this perceptual removal platform not only provides a promising approach for simultaneous perception and removal of gaseous FA, but also offers a successful example for multifunction integration to eliminate other indoor pollutants. Download: Download high-res image (137KB) Download: Download full-size image
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DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER
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2026
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IF 5.1
Mengxiang Xue,Yaming Zhao,Xing Li,Zhengyong Liang
Poly (propylene carbonate) (PPC), a biodegradable polyester with biomedical potential, is limited by poor heat resistance and mechanical strength. This study blended rigid poly (cyclohexene carbonate) (PCHC) into PPC to enhance properties, but their poor compatibility caused phase separation, restricting performance improvement. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), rich in hydroxy groups, exhibits significant hydrogen bonding interactions with two types of polyester matrices, enabling its use as a compatibilization promoter for polyester materials. However, due to its high polarity and strong crystallinity, MCC tends to disperse poorly within the matrices. Consequently, moderate hydrophobic modification of MCC is required to enhance its compatibility with the matrices. In this work, two methods, namely physical adsorption modification with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and acetylation chemical modification, were employed to hydrophobically modify MCC. The study investigated the effects of incorporating hydrophobically modified MCC, prepared by these different methods, on the surface structure, thermal properties, and mechanical performance of PPC/PCHC blends, as well as its impact on the compatibility of the PPC/PCHC blend system.
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高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）