ORGANIC PROCESS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
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2026
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IF 3.3
Kai Ma,Jianming Chen,Lei Ni,Zhiquan Chen,Feng Xu,Pengyu Chen,Gang Fu,Juncheng Jiang
Propylene glycol butyl ether (PNB) is an important environmentally friendly solvent widely used in coatings, inks, and cleaning agents. Its industrial production typically relies on batch processes that suffer from low efficiency and safety concerns. This study proposes a continuous-flow etherification reaction of propylene oxide (PO) with n-butanol in a microreactor to achieve process intensification and improved safety. First, a Bayesian optimization method based on Gaussian processes was employed to systematically optimize key reaction parameters, including temperature, residence time, and reactant molar ratio. An apparent kinetic model of the reaction was further established. By coupling the kinetic model with the heat balance equation, the temperature distribution and yield variation under different channel dimensions and materials were simulated and predicted. The results indicate that under optimal conditions, the yield of PNB can reach 92.75%. Kinetic studies showed that the reaction follows first-order kinetics with respect to propylene oxide, with an activation energy of 42.16 kJ·mol–1. In a 1/8-in. FEP microchannel, the temperature rise was only 1.0 °C, confirming near-isothermal operation. However, increasing the channel diameter to 1/2 in. led to a temperature rise of 25.8 °C, introducing significant thermal risk. Replacing FEP with high-thermal-conductivity materials such as stainless steel effectively suppressed the temperature rise, though with a slight reduction in yield. This work demonstrates that microreactors offer excellent heat transfer control for exothermic etherification reactions. The integrated approach combining Bayesian optimization, kinetic modeling, and thermal simulation provides a useful framework for developing safe and efficient continuous-flow processes. The findings also offer practical guidance for reactor design and scale-up.
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SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
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2026
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IF 2.5
Haiyang Feng,Sen Wen,Kesan Yang,Haichuan Li,Ting Chen,Shenwen Fang
The treatment of oil-bearing rich monoethylene glycol (MEG) is a critical link in ensuring the normal development of deepwater oil and gas fields. The stabilization mechanism of condensate oil droplets is vital for the design of separators and the selection of demulsifiers. However, studies on this topic remain scarce. In this paper, the effects of monoethylene glycol (MEG) concentration and inorganic salt concentration on the stability of condensate oil droplets in rich MEG were systematically investigated. The oil droplet stabilization mechanism was analyzed from the perspective of interfacial properties by measuring interfacial tension (IFT), zeta potential, interfacial elastic modulus, and interfacial thickness. Macroscopic stability evaluation experiments indicated that: in the absence of inorganic salts, oil droplet stability gradually decreased with increasing MEG concentration; in the presence of NaCl, oil droplet stability gradually increased with rising MEG concentration; and with a constant MEG concentration, oil droplet stability decreased as NaCl concentration increased. Interfacial property analysis revealed that MEG and NaCl had minor effects on IFT and zeta potential. They primarily influenced the interfacial thickness, resulting in changes in the interfacial elastic modulus (taking a NaCl concentration of 10,000 mg/L as an example, as the MEG concentration increased from 0% to 50%, the interface thickness gradually increased from 4.50 Å to 4.94 Å, and the elastic modulus increased from 3.38 mN/m to 4.84 mN/m), thereby affecting oil droplet stability.
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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
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2025
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IF 5.4
Huijin Chen,Huan Zhang,Xinyu Huang,Yakai Hao,Mingqiu Bao,Ruirui Yue,Jinbing Shu,Baoyang Lu
A qualified anode catalyst is the crucial component for one direct alcohol fuel cell. To facilitate the practical application of direct ethylene glycol fuel cells (DEGFCs), it holds significant importance to develop an anode catalyst with low cost, relatively high catalytic activity and reliable stability toward ethylene glycol oxidation reaction (EGOR). In this study, an in-situ polymerization method was employed to synthesize polydopamine (PDA)-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as an efficient support for palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs), ultimately resulting in the fabrication of a high performance Pd/PDA-rGO catalyst. Multiple physical characterization techniques confirm the consistent distribution of Pd NPs on the porous and fluffy PDA-rGO compound with open-textured structure. In the catalyst, rGO functions as a conductive component to boost the electronic conductivity of PDA and facilitates the formation of the wrinkled structure. Meanwhile, PDA granules can promote proton conductivity and prevent the aggregation of rGO. The unique morphological features of granular PDA and wrinkled rGO synergistically promote uniform Pd NPs distribution and improve their catalytic performance. The electrochemical evaluation of the EGOR was performed and it is found that the optimized Pd/PDA-rGO catalyst has remarkable mass activity and specific activity, which reached 3391.7 mA mg Pd −1 and 22.2 mA cm −2 . It also shows improved intrinsic activity, with a conversion frequency of 4.6 s −1 and excellent stability. The mass activity of Pd/PDA-rGO is about 8 times that of commercial Pd/C. This work establishes PDA-rGO as an ideal catalyst support and provides a strategy for designing advanced electrocatalysts.
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DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS
·
2023
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IF 4.1
Yihua Wang,Dongshan Li,Lunlin Shang,Fu Wang
In this work, the tribological properties of polyhydroxy molecule ascorbic acid as lubricating additive was investigated in graphite-like amorphous carbon film/bearing steel interface under polyethylene glycol lubrication . It was shown that ascorbic acid is an excellent friction modifier in graphite-like carbon film solid-liquid lubrication. The friction coefficient decreased from 0.12 of polyethylene glycol to around 0.02 (83.3 % reduction) of polyethylene glycol with >1 wt% ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid had a little effect on the wear rate of graphite-like carbon film but promoted the steel ball wear. Ascorbic acid inhibited the oxidation of worn surface of steel ball and induced a more oxidized carbon film surface. The oxidized carbon surface and the increased contact area due to steel ball wear facilitated the adsorption of polyethylene glycol molecules at the sliding interface, which helped to establish fluid lubrication film and thereby resulted in ultra-low friction. This suggests that ascorbic acid is a promising candidate friction modifier to design novel ultra-low friction solid-liquid composite lubrication systems based on amorphous carbon films.
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International Journal of Nanoscience
·
2023
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IF 0.8
Yang Fu,Chaohui Ji,Zhiheng Ma,Defeng Xu,Hang Hu
In this work, we synthesized lactobionic acid-decorated diselenide-linked polyethylene glycol-doxorubicin conjugate (LA-PEG-SeSe-DOX) and prepared free DOX-loaded LA-PEG-SeSe-DOX(DOX@LA-PEG-SeSe-DOX) nanoparticles for hepatoma-targeted DOX delivery. LA-PEG-SeSe-DOX can self-assemble into nanoparticles in deionized water and DOX@LA-PEG-SeSe-DOX nanoparticles were prepared by loading free DOX into LA-PEG-Se-Se-DOX nanoparticles under sonication. DOX@LA-PEG-SeSe-DOX nanoparticles have high DOX loading content of 31.3%. The dynamic scattering analysis shows that DOX@LA-PEG-SeSe-DOX nanoparticles have small size (hydrodynamic diameter 4 5 . 6 9 ± 0 . 7 1 nm), near neutral zeta potential, and excellent colloidal stability. The in vitro drug release study indicates that DOX@LA-PEG-SeSe-DOX nanoparticles exhibit dual redox-responsive drug release characteristics. The cellular uptake study reveals that DOX@LA-PEG-SeSe-DOX nanoparticles can be taken up by hepatoma cells by asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR)-mediated pathway. Finally, DOX@LA-PEG-SeSe-DOX nanoparticles exhibit enhanced cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells as compared to LA-PEG-SeSe-DOX nanoparticles, underlining the significance of releasing free DOX for effective tumor cell proliferation inhibition. This work provides a facile and effective strategy for targeted delivery of DOX to hepatoma cells.
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APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL
·
2023
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IF 5.5
Fengqin Guo,Liguo Wang,Yan Cao,Peng He,Huiquan Li
A series of Mg 3 Al 1−x Ce x O composite oxide catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation for the transesterification of ethylene glycol to ethylene carbonate. The characterization results revealed that the addition of cerium changed the acid-base properties of the catalyst and that the strong basic sites on the catalyst surface played an important role in the reaction. The Mg 3 Al 0.9 Ce 0.1 O catalyst showed the highest catalytic activity (ethylene carbonate yield 98.1%). Compared with pure Mg-Al oxide, the appropriate addition of Ce was conducive to improving the surface basicity and adsorbed oxygen content of the catalyst. Additionally, the reaction process of the formation of ethylene glycol hydroxyl group with the alkoxy anion formed by the catalyst attacking the carbonyl carbon of nucleophilic dimethyl carbonate to form an adsorption intermediate (HEMC) on the catalyst surface for further intramolecular rearrangement to form ethylene carbonate was confirmed by operando infrared spectroscopy. The reaction kinetics shows that the reaction conforms to the second-order kinetic equation, and the activation energy is 53.71 kJ·mol −1 . Catalytic stability in a fixed-bed reactor was studied. After a long cycle of use (150 h), the yield of ethylene carbonate was stabilized at about 89.0%.
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Catalysts
·
2023
·Vol. 13
·期 4
·673
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IF 3.9
Jinghu Zhu,Hui Liu,Xueyan Zhou,Zhijun Wang,Liancheng Bing,Dezhi Han,Guangjian Wang,Fang Wang
Cu-based catalysts, modified by gallium addition via the stepwise co-precipitation method, were studied for the liquid phase hydrogenation of hydroxypivalaldehyde (HPA) to neopentyl glycol (NPG). Through physico-chemical techniques, the effects of gallium introduction on the Cu trimetallic catalyst performance and the reaction mechanism of HPA hydrogenation were discussed. The characterization results showed that gallium introduction can influence the dispersion, reduction, and distribution of active Cu species, as well as their reactivity. Herein, the catalyst with 2 wt% gallium addition exhibited excellent catalytic performance with HPA conversion rate and NPG selectivity of 93.5% and 95.5%, at a reaction pressure of 3 MPa, temperature of 110 °C, hydrogen-aldehyde ratio (molar ratio) 10:1, and liquid space-time at a speed of 8.4 h−1. The good performance could be attributed to gallium doping tending to dynamically tune the interaction between the components, increasing Cu dispersion and the distributions of Cu+and Cu0species on the catalyst surfaces.Keywords:HPA hydrogenation;NPG synthesis;Cu-based catalyst;gallium modification;Cu+/Cu0
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Arabian Journal of Chemistry
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2023
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IF 6
Qingrong Han,Fei Liu,Chengjiu Wang,Zhentao Tang,Cheng Peng,Yuzhu Tan
In recent years, the quality and safety issues of Chinese medicinal herbs have received great attention worldwide. Thereinto, heavy metal contamination has been one of the most serious concerns. Compared to the wide research in the analysis of heavy metals in medicinal herbs, the studies on the removal of heavy metals are relatively limited. In this study, polyethylene glycol functionalized Fe 3 O 4 @MIL-101(Cr) (Fe 3 O 4 @MIL-101(Cr)@PEG) was designed and synthesized to remove heavy metals from the decoction of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. The in-house fabricated Fe 3 O 4 @MIL-101(Cr)@PEG was characterized by a porous structure and a large specific surface area. Then, the efficiency of the material for the removal of five heavy metals was tested under optimal adsorption conditions. Meanwhile, the content of Senkyunolide A, Senkyunolide I, and Ferulic acid, the solid content, and the HPLC fingerprints similarity were used as the quality monitoring indicators of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort decoction before and after the heavy metal removal. Results showed that the magnetic nanomaterial had excellent removal efficiency for As 5+ (81.4 %), Cd 2+ (88.19 %), and Pb 2+ (83.79 %) and certain removal efficiency for Ni 2+ (51.59 %) and Zn 2+ (55.4 %) under the spiked concentration of 50 μg/mL. The content of Senkyunolide A, Senkyunolide I, and Ferulic acid were decreased by less than 8.00 % after the removal of heavy metals. Besides, the loss rate of solid content was only 0.18 %, and the fingerprints similarity was over 99.9 %. The results indicated that Fe 3 O 4 @MIL-101(Cr)@PEG could efficiently and selectively remove heavy metals from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort without affecting its effective components. Due to the advantages of low-cost, simple manipulation, and good efficiency, the material can be recommended for heavy metals removal from the aqueous solutions of medicinal herbs, providing a new and promising application for the removal of exogenous contaminants in medicinal herbs.
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APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
·
2023
·
IF 6.4
Xiao Zhang,Liang Cai,Yu Liang,Zhenxi Ma,Xiaosong Zhang
The feasibility of combining novel halogenated hydrocarbon-based working pairs with low-pressure compression-assisted absorption refrigeration system (LCARS) was proved for the first time from the experimental perspective. An experimental prototype of the absorption-compression hybrid refrigeration system with a 1 kW cooling capacity was designed and tested to explore actual performances of selected R134a-DMETEG and performance improvements from compression in LCARS. At an evaporation temperature of approximately 5 °C, as the hot water inlet temperature and the solution flow rate change from 75 to 95 °C and 1.2–2.7 L/min, respectively, the coefficient of performance (COP) in the single-stage absorption refrigeration system (SSARS) varies from 0.211 to 0.412. At an increased evaporation temperature of approximately 10 °C, as the hot water inlet temperature and flow rate increase from 70 to 80 °C and 1.18–2.89 L/min, respectively, the COP in the SSARS varies from 0.238 to 0.552, while the COP in LCARS is improved and varies from 0.470 to 0.617. The LCARS increases the COP by a maximum of 91.04 % and can utilize a lower-grade heat source more efficiently due to its higher optimal COP at reduced hot water inlet temperatures. This study provided one feasible technical approach of combined use of R134a-DMETEG and LCARS to make up for the application limitations of traditional working pairs, contributing to application promotions of absorption systems, especially for the occasions with high requirement on safety and lightweight.
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Molecular Catalysis
·
2023
·
IF 4.6
Xiaozhong Wang,Jiali Hu,Cai Xu,Yingqi Chen,Liyan Dai
Herein, a series of NiCu/Al 2 O 3 catalysts were prepared by impregnation method and subsequent thermal treatment under different reduction temperatures. The catalysts exhibited excellent catalytic activity for the amination of diethylene glycol (DEG), and satisfactory yield of tertiarybutylaminoethoxyethanol (TBEE) could be obtained. XRD, N 2 adsorption-desorption, SEM, TEM, XPS, and H 2 -TPR were employed to characterize the catalysts, the interaction between Ni and Cu on the catalytic activity was studied. It was found that NiCu alloy was formed after catalyst reduction, which strengthened the reduction ability of NiO and increased the number of Ni 0 active center, contributing to the enhanced catalytic activity. Moreover, the effects of reaction parameters on catalytic activity were explored. There was no need for a solvent, only 3 molar equivalents of tert‑butylamine (TBA) and 1 wt.% catalyst was required. After 7 h of reaction at 220 °C, satisfactory conversion (89.6%) and selectivity (84.6%) were obtained over the prepared catalyst. Cycle experiment demonstrated that the prepared catalyst retained excellent stability and reusability after six runs without significant loss of catalytic activity. This work provided an efficient catalyst for the catalytic amination of diethylene glycol with tert‑butylamine to TBEE.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2023
·
IF 8.8
Yimei Zheng,Chengang Zhao,Boyu Chen,Hui Teng,Chao Ai,Lei Chen
In the present study, D-α-Tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate-based self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (TPGS-SMEDDS) were introduced to enhance the solubility and stability of luteolin. The ternary phase diagrams were constructed to obtain the maximum area of microemulsion and suitable formulations of TPGS-SMEDDS. The particle size distribution and polydispersity index of selected TPGS-SMEDDS were analyzed to be less than 100 nm and 0.4, respectively. The thermodynamic stability results suggested that the TPGS-SMEDDS was stable during the heat-cool and freeze–thaw cycle. Moreover, the TPGS-SMEDDS exhibited excellent encapsulation capacity (51.21 ± 4.39 to 85.71 ± 2.40%) and loading efficiency (61.46 ± 5.27 to 102.86 ± 2.88 mg/g) to luteolin. In addition, the TPGS-SMEDDS showed an admirable vitro release ability with a ratio of more than 88.40 ± 1.14% for luteolin in 24 h. Therefore, TPGS-based SMEDDS might provide an effective role for the oral administration of luteolin and holds promise as a potential delivery for poorly soluble bioactive compounds.
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PubMed
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 8.6
Xihai Zhang,Houfang Lu,Yingying Liu,Kejing Wu,Yingming Zhu,Binshen Wang,Bin Liang
Amidine-alcohol solution is an efficient absorbent for CO 2 capture with high CO 2 loading and low regeneration temperature compared with 30 wt% monoethanolamine (MEA) solution. However, the high viscosity restricts its further utilization in the industry. To decrease the viscosity of amidine-alcohol solutions during the absorption of CO 2 , different glycols including ethylene glycol , 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol and 1,4-butanediol were adopted in 1,5-diazabicyclo [4,3,0] non-5-ene ( DBN)-glycol solutions for CO 2 absorption. Both the absorption and desorption performances of those absorbents in the reaction with CO 2 were investigated including the viscosity and regeneration energy. The CO 2 loading can reach as high as 5.87 mol·kg −1 in DBN-1,3-propanediol solution, which is more than 3 times higher than that of 30 wt% MEA. Meanwhile, the viscosities for DBN-glycol-CO 2 systems can be decreased more than 95% compared with 1,8-diazabicyclo [5,4,0] undec-7-ene (DBU)-glycerol-CO 2 system. And DBN-ethylene glycol-CO 2 system shows the lowest viscosity among the five glycols systems. With DBN-1,4-butanediol solution as an absorbent, the regeneration energy can be decreased as low as 1.38 GJ·ton −1 CO 2 , which is 62% lower than that of 30 wt% MEA. After 9 cycles of absorption–desorption process, the CO 2 loading can be kept about 72% of the initial loading. Furthermore, the effect of water on absorption, desorption, viscosity and regeneration energy was also studied. It shows that the presence of water can increase the absorption rate and has little effect on the final CO 2 loading while decreasing the desorption rate. Meanwhile, the presence of water increases the regeneration energy of DBN-ethylene glycol-H 2 O-CO 2 system. However, considering the regeneration energy and viscosity, DBN-ethylene glycol solution is a promising solution for carbon capture and the regeneration energy can be decreased about 51 % even with 5 wt% water compared with 30 wt% MEA.
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