WASTE MANAGEMENT
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2024
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IF 7.1
Pengpeng Luan,Tiecheng Liu,Jinglan Wang,Beibei Yan,Guanyi Chen,Zhanjun Cheng
In this study, ex-situ catalytic pyrolysis of oxygen-containing polycarbonate (PC) was conducted to prepare carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and H 2 -rich syngas. This study examined the influence of the active metal components (Ni and Fe), catalyst pre-reduction, and pre-deoxygenation of pyrolysis volatiles on the catalytic performance and mechanism. Results show that the reductive constituents in pyrolysis volatiles make it difficult to reduce the Fe oxides, thus hindering the CNTs growth on Fe catalysts, compared to Ni catalysts. H 2 pre-reduction of Ni and Fe catalysts enhances the generation of CNTs and syngas. The pre-reduced Fe catalyst exhibits better carbon deposit performance, reaching 263 mg/g plastics . The pre-reduced Ni catalyst better facilitates the reforming reaction of CO 2 and H 2 O, resulting in higher syngas yields of 32.75 mmol/g plastics , with a volume proportion of 94.4 vol%. The addition of the deoxygenation catalyst Ni/HZSM-5 promotes the growth of CNTs with fewer defects and higher graphitization on Ni catalysts. The excess CO 2 and H 2 O generated by the introduction of Ni/HZSM-5 may oxidize the Fe 0 on pre-reduced Fe catalysts, inhibiting the growth of CNTs. The mechanism of the growth of CNTs and syngas from PC is also explored. The findings can provide theoretical guidance for the disposal of waste plastics.
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PubMed
高影响因子
Sustainability
·
2024
·Vol. 16
·期 7
·3009
·
IF 3.3
Jiahui Wang,Zhen Xi,Bo Niu,Ruitong Gao,Zhenming Xu
Deep and efficient debromination is a critical step in achieving environmentally friendly recycling and ensuring the sustainability of waste-printed circuit boards (WPCBs) because of their high toxicity and carcinogenicity. To this end, this study used a copper–iron (Cu/Fe) bimetal as a debromination agent to remove bromides from WPCBs using in situ catalytic pyrolysis technology. The results show that the maximum debromination efficiency was 97.14% under the following conditions: a Cu mole ratio of 0.20 (Cu/Fe-0.20), a Cu/Fe-0.20 dosage of 0.4, a pyrolysis temperature of 600 °C, and a retention time of 10 min. The main bromine species in pyrolysis oil and gas were bromophenol, bromomethane, HBr, and Br2. The conversion of bromine species and the debromination of the Cu/Fe-0.20 bimetal were analyzed in real time using a thermogravimetry-coupled Fourier transform infrared and mass spectrometer (TG-FTIR-MS). Using the Cu/Fe bimetal synergistic effect, we determined that the debromination mechanism could be used for bromide conversion and fixing. The Cu in the Cu/Fe-0.20 transformed the organic Br (bromophenol and bromomethane) into inorganic Br (HBr and Br2) by providing empty orbitals for lone pairs of electrons. Then, the generated HBr and Br2reacted with Fe in the Cu/Fe-0.20 and were fixed in pyrolysis residue. This study provides theoretical support and a practical method for WPCB deep debromination and recycling.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
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2017
·Vol. 41
·期 14
·2063-2073
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IF 2.598
Haimiao Yu,Tong Ma,Yalan Shen,Dezhen Chen
Summary The study aims to analyze catalytic tar destruction, evaluate the activity of the Ni-based catalyst supported by waste iron slag, and obtain clean pyrolysis syngas. The effects of different nickel loadings, catalytic temperatures, and catalyst calcination temperatures on volatile were investigated in order to determine the optimal process condition. The analysis results showed that the iron slag Ni-based catalyst had a relatively low specific surface area. However, it showed an excellent resistance performance to the coke deposition and displayed the high tar removal ability. Moreover, the tar conversion and the yield of syngas were significantly affected by nickel loadings. When the nickel loading reached 3%, the tar dew point was decreased by nearly 100 °C and the tar conversion reached 94.84%. The favorable reaction temperature was about 800 °C based on the consideration of energy consumption and the catalytic performance. Calcination temperature affected tar yield and syngas yield. The application of iron slag in nickel catalyst realized the reutilization of waste materials, indicating significant practical values. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Small
·
2024
·
IF 13
Lingli Luo,Jie Ju,Menghua Xi,Yingjie Wu,Ningxuan Mao,Shaojiu Yan,Zhong Wei,Hao Jiang,Yuhang Li,Yanjie Hu,Chunzhong Li
Alloying multiple immiscible elements into a nanoparticle with single-phase solid solution structure (high-entropy-alloy nanoparticles, HEA-NPs) merits great potential. To date, various kinds of synthesis techniques of HEA-NPs are developed; however, a continuous-flow synthesis of freestanding HEA-NPs remains a challenge. Here a micron-droplet-confined strategy by flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) to achieve the continuous-flow synthesis of freestanding HEA-NPs, is proposed. The continuous precursor solution undergoes gas shearing and micro-explosion to form nano droplets which act as the micron-droplet-confined reactors. The ultrafast evolution (<5 ms) from droplets to <10 nm nanoparticles of binary to septenary alloys is achieved through thermodynamic and kinetic control (high temperature and ultrafast colling). Among them, the AuPtPdRuIr HEA-NPs exhibit excellent electrocatalytic performance for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction with 23 mV overpotential to achieve 10 mA cm −2 , which is twofold better than that of the commercial Pt/C. It is anticipated that the continuous-flow synthesis by FSP can introduce a new way for the continuous synthesis of freestanding HEA-NP with a high productivity rate.
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 10.8
Tian Ren,Yuanyuan Li,Xi Wang,Yurong Deng,Chengbin Zheng
Rapid and in situ identification of specific polymers is a challenging and crucial step in plastic recycling. However, conventional techniques continue to exhibit significant limitations in the rapid and field classification of plastic products, especially with the wide range of commercially available color polymers because of their large size, high energy consumption, and slow and complicated analysis procedures. In this work, a simple analytical system integrating a miniature and low power consumption (22.3 W) pyrolyzer (Pyr) and a low temperature, atmospheric pressure point discharge optical emission spectrometer (μPD-OES) was fabricated for rapidly identifying polymer types. Plastic debris is decomposed in the portable pyrolyzer to yield volatile products, which are then swept into the μPD-OES instrument for monitoring the optical emission patterns of the thermal pyrolysis products. With machine learning, five extensively used raw polymers and their consumer plastics were classified with an accuracy of ≥97.8%. Furthermore, the proposed method was applied to the identification of the aged polymers and plastic samples collected from a garbage recycling station, indicating its great potential for identification of environmentally weathered plastics. This portable Pyr-μPD-OES system provides a cost-effective tool for rapid and field identification of polymer types of recycled plastic for proper management and resource recycling.
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ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
·
2024
·
IF 9.9
Yang Zhang,Jun Zhao,Lei Zhang,Yong Chen,Wangjing Ma
The recycling and processing of plastic waste to promote resource sustainability has emerged as a global concern. Selectivily upcycling polyolefins into valuable monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) is a promising strategy to promote a circular economy but limited by low yield and selectivity. In this study, one-step microwave-triggered tandem pyrolysis coupling ZSM-5 catalytic reforming technology was explored, which is efficient for selectively transforming plastic into benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) riched oil products. Pyrolysis and catalytic processes were achieved by mixing plastic and ZSM-5 with graphite, respectively, and placing them in the bottom and top layers of the reactor. Results indicate the mass ratio of plastic or ZSM-5 to graphite and microwave irradiation power would influence the selectivity and yield of MAHs. After careful investigation, the optimum reaction conditions are deemed to be 600 W, and the mass ratio of LDPE and ZSM-5 to graphite is 3:1 and 1:1, respectively, and delightful selectivity and yield of MAHs of 82.06% and 28.12 wt% are obtained under the above conditions. More importantly, the BTEX accounted for a significant amount in the MAHs with the selectivity and yield of 70.53% and 24.17 wt%, demonstrating a strong ability to produce high-value BTEX, which is attributed to the ZSM-5 providing a sufficient active site for reforming the pyrolysis vapors and promote the formation of BTEX by cracking, aromatization and Diels-Alder reactions. Additionally, gas products are rich in C 2 H 4 , C 3 H 6 and C 4 H 8 olefin monomers accounting for around 60% of the gas products, which also manifest high value. Besides, the ZSM-5 can be stabilized by exceeding three successive cycles, and this strategy is also suitable for the catalytic upcycling of PP and mixed plastics to produce MAHs selectively. Therefore, this one-step microwave-triggered tandem pyrolysis coupling ZSM-5 catalytic reforming technology provides a potential waste resource utilization method to convert plastic waste into high-value petrochemical products.
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CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2024
·
IF 5.1
Bohan Sun,Cuiyan Li,Haibo Ouyang,Ruinan Gao,Tianzhan Shen,Yanlei Li
The synthesis of hafnium carbide nanowires (HfC NWs ) on carbon fibers was successfully achieved by employing HfCl 4 and furfuryl alcohol as precursor materials, facilitated by Ni-assisted catalytic pyrolysis . In the polymerization and cross-linking processes of furfuryl alcohol, hafnium cations play a crucial role, leading to the atomic-level amalgamation and effectively enhancing the reactivity of the Hf-O-C system. The nucleation of HfC NWs takes place at 1300 °C, followed by growth through a solid-liquid-solid (SLS) mechanism. Carbon fibers were uniformly coated with tens micrometer-long HfC NWs having an approximate diameter of 500 nm. Notably, the tips of these HfC NWs exhibited clean surfaces free of Ni catalyst particles, indicating their root growth model. This novel catalyst-assisted pyrolysis method holds great potential for enabling cost-effective large-scale production of transition metal carbide nanowires.
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PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
·
2025
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IF 2.9
Xinyu Lu,Zongyou Cao,Yiping Mo,Wenjing Zhang,Danyang Zhu,Baolong Liu,Wangyang Lu
Covalent organic polymers (COPs) are considered promising non-precious metal catalysts for ORRs. However, as bulk COP powder generally suffers from poor electrical conductivity, heat treatment is frequently performed after the reaction, which inevitably destroys their originally designed regular structure, making their active sites complex and uncontrollable. Herein, we successfully prepared a novel naphthalene diimide-based bimetallic phthalocyanine covalent organic polymers@carbon nanotube nanocomposite electrocatalyst (CoFe/NDI-COP@CNT) via a simple solvothermal method. The non-pyrolytic preparation method greatly preserves the ordered structure of the COP framework and the well-defined active sites (CoN4 and FeN4). Moreover, incorporating an electron-poor NDI component into the target grid skeletons can increase the hybrid catalyst's ability to accept electrons from oxygen and further increase the density of active sites. Under the alkaline condition of 0.1 M KOH, CoFe/NDI-COP@CNTs exhibit efficient ORR catalytic activity and stability, with a half-wave potential of 0.902 V and a limiting current density of 5.362 mA cm−2, which is superior to that of 20% Pt/C. In addition, CoFe/NDI-COP@CNTs show exceptional methanol resistance and electrochemical stability. This work provides new insights for the non-pyrolysis preparation of metal-doped carbon electrocatalysts with well-defined active sites from COPs.
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高影响因子
Journal of Energy Storage
·
2025
·
IF 9.8
Liuliu Wang,Shiqing Xuan,Songwu Chen,Wenxia Mo,Linhan He,Xiaoling Liu
Against the backdrop of escalating research on biomass-derived porous carbons for thermal energy storage, where the carbonization atmosphere profoundly dictates pore architecture and functional performance. This study systematically investigates the roles of CO 2 activation and N 2 pyrolysis in tailoring bamboo shoot shell (BSS)-derived porous carbons for polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based phase change materials (PCMs). CO 2 activation at 900 °C induced hierarchical porosity (specific surface area: 567.1 m 2 /g, average pore width: 2.17 nm), achieving a 60.47 % PEG encapsulation efficiency. However, the confined pore structure impeded PEG molecular mobility, increasing non-isothermal crystallization activation energy (ΔE a = −160.16 kJ/mol) and prolonging half-crystallization time. In contrast, N 2 -pyrolyzed carbon (NCB) retained minimal porosity (15.2 m 2 /g) but higher graphitization, serving as efficient nucleation sites to reduce ΔE a (−153.44 kJ/mol) and enhance photothermal conversion efficiency (87.4 % compared to 85.6 % for CO 2 -activated composites). Both composites exhibited leak-proof stability and thermal cyclability. This innovation bridges waste-to-energy solutions with renewable energy technologies, expanding the applicability of PCM-based systems in solar thermal devices.
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JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE
·
2025
·
IF 6.2
Zilu Zhang,Chenguang Zhang,Boyang Sun,Xiaofei Xu,Xiaobo Chen,Zhihe Li,Shaoqing Wang
Lignin and heavy oil (HO) possess complementary properties, thus rendering their synergistic co-pyrolysis a promising strategy to overcome the limitations of their individual pyrolysis processes. This study is designed to advance biomass valorization, facilitate the clean utilization of heavy oil, and enable the production of high-quality fuels. In this study, the co-pyrolysis behavior of lignin and HO was investigated using an integrated TG-FTIR-MS system combined with fixed-bed pyrolysis experiments, with a focus on the kinetic characteristics and synergistic effects at different HO blending ratios (10 %, 30 %, and 50 %). The results revealed a significant overlap in the primary pyrolysis temperature ranges of lignin (152.43°C-598.77 °C) and HO (68.68°C-402.34 °C). Kinetic analysis based on the FWO and DAEM methods demonstrated that the average activation energy during co-pyrolysis decreased progressively below the theoretically calculated values with increasing HO content. Fourier transform infrared analysis indicated enhanced C–H absorption peak intensities and reduced C–O peaks. A notable synergistic effect was observed at the C–H absorption peak when the HO blending ratio reached 50 %, which confirmed the feasibility of co-pyrolysis. Fixed-bed pyrolysis experiments further confirmed that co-pyrolysis increased the yields of phenolic and aromatic compounds, thereby improving the overall quality of the pyrolysis oil. This study provides fundamental data to support the development of innovative co-conversion pathways for lignin and petroleum-based HO.
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ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
·
2025
·
IF 7.3
Sijie Li,Yiting Wu,Ayyaz Mahmood,Jin Liu,Ziqi Xu,Kaiyang Lu,Moshe Sheintuch,Xi Gao
The coupling of fast pyrolysis with green catalysis offers a sustainable approach for transforming waste polypropylene (PP) plastic into valuable hydrogen and carbon materials. The intrinsic catalytic activities of biochar, Al2O3@biochar, Fe3O4@biochar, Fe2AlO4@biochar, and FeAl2O4@biochar are explored for upgrading the fast pyrolysis vapors of PP powder. The FeAl2O4@biochar catalyst with tetrahedral iron sites achieves an excellent hydrogen yield, equivalent to 86.25 H% in PP. The hydrogen yield from converting practical PP mask waste reaches 57.98 ± 1.96 mmol gplastic–1, more than 673.61 ± 7.00 mmol gFe–1. The density functional theory (DFT) calculation indicates that a closer d-band center of FeAl2O4 is more favorable for C–H bond activation and that dehydrogenation of propylene as a model compound is the primary source of hydrogen production, more readily than C–C bond cleavage, and efficiently generates H2.
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Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2025
·
IF 7.2
Tiefeng Xu,Chenyu Li,Ke Xiang,Yingxin Lu,Wangyang Lu
The photocatalytic removal of organic pollutants from wastewater has gained significant attention in recent years due to its environmental benefits and cost-effectiveness. In this study, a pyrolytic iron phthalocyanine/graphitic carbon nitride (FePc/g-C 3 N 4 ) composite photocatalyst was synthesized using ball milling and thermal cracking, and its performance in photocatalytic degradation along with the underlying mechanisms was investigated. Under solar light irradiation, the pyrolytic FePc/g-C 3 N 4 photocatalyst achieved complete carbamazepine (CBZ) degradation within 12 min by activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS), demonstrating a 29 % enhancement in degradation efficiency compared to the unpyrolytic FePc/g-C 3 N 4 . Additionally, the stability of the catalyst improved significantly post-pyrolysis, maintaining over 98 % degradation efficiency across nine cycles. The thermal treatment disrupted the phthalocyanine structure, modifying the coordination environment of the central Fe atom and facilitating the transfer of photogenerated charge carriers. This research provides valuable insights for designing stable single-atom iron-based composite photocatalysts.
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