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The detection performances of noble metal-based surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) devices are determined by the compositions and geometries of the metal nanostructures, as well as the substrates. In the current study, long spiky Au-Ag alloy nanostars were synthesized, and both core diameters and spike lengths were controlled by Lauryl sulfobetaine concentrations (as the nanostructure growth skeleton). The long spiky star geometries were confirmed by transmission electron micrograph images. Elements energy dispersive spectrometer mapping confirmed that Au and Ag elements were inhomogeneously distributed in the nanostructures and demonstrated a higher Ag content at surface for potential better SERS performance. Selected synthesized spiky nanostars were uniformly assembled on multi-mode silica fiber for probe fabrication by silanization. The SERS performance were characterized using crystal violet (CV) and rhodamine 6G (R6G) as analyte molecules. The lowest detection limit could reach as low as 10−8M, with a 6.23 × 106enhancement factor, and the relationship between analyte concentrations and Raman intensities was linear for both CV and R6G, which indicated the potential qualitative and quantitative molecule detection applications. Moreover, the fiber probes also showed good reproducibility and stability in the ambient atmosphere.
A tapered fiber decorated by Ag nanoparticles is prepared as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate. There are two key parameters during the preparation process, the fiber cone angle and the density of decorated AgNPs on the fiber tip surface. Their theoretical analysis on the forming mechanism and the optimization process is studied in detail. The tapered fibers with angles from 0.5 to 30° are successfully prepared, with a chemical method in a small tube using a bending interface. AgNPs with different densities are decorated on the surface of the tapered fibers with an electrostatic adsorption method. The optimized tapered fiber SERS probe with an angle of 12° and AgNPs density of 26.67% provides the detection of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) with 10−10mol/L.Keywords:Raman scattering;tapered fiber;cone angle;AgNPs
A colorimetric sensing method is described for discrimination of multiple antioxidants based on core-shell Au@Ag nanocubes (NCs). In order to extract data-rich colorimetric responses from the sensor array, three different concentrations of chloroaurate acid (HAuCl 4 ) were employed as sensing elements. Interestingly, Au 3+ ions can be reduced to different valence states (i.e., Au(0) and Au(I)) by different antioxidants, and thus effectively inhibit the oxidation etching process of Au@Ag NCs by Au(III) ions to varying extents, generating diverse colorimetric responses (color and absorbance). This enables identification of the six antioxidants at 10 nM via linear discriminant analysis (LDA) with relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.52% ( n = 3). The discrimination ability of the sensor array was further evaluated in antioxidant binary and multicomponent mixtures. Remarkably, identification of these six antioxidants spiked in urine was realized with 100% of accuracy. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of colorimetric assay for antioxidants based on three chloroauric acid/Au-Ag nanocubes.
The selective deposition of noble metals on catalysts is an attractive modification method for improving catalytic efficiency. However, it is sometimes hard to achieve when facet energies of nano-catalysts show negligible differences. Here, we reported a piezoelectrochemical method which can realize the selective deposition of Ag nanoparticles on the positively polar end of {001}-enclosed BaTiO 3 (BTO) nanocubes/cuboids. Furthermore, BTO nanocubes/cuboids with selectively-deposited Ag nanoparticles show approximately 2 times higher piezocatalytic activity than those with randomly-loaded Ag nanoparticles, and much higher than pure BTO nanocubes/cuboids. The piezocatalytic mechanism revealed that the Ag nanoparticles deposited on positively polar end act as “fast lanes” for electrons to transfer to catalysts/solution interfaces, while those loaded on negatively polar end serve as holes trappers hindering ∙OH formation and pollutant degradation. This work confirms an efficient way to improve piezocatalytic performance and provides an insightful discussion of piezocatalytic mechanism.
The development of electrode materials that combine high scalability with outstanding electrochemical performance is crucial for advancing lithium-ion battery technologies. Among various anode material systems, bimetallic organic frameworks have attracted extensive attention due to their ability to provide additional active sites and generate significant synergistic enhancement effects through the introduction of two distinct metal centers. However, their practical application in lithium-ion batteries is hindered by limited electron transport and insufficient structural stability during cycling. Therefore, we adopt a photoredox strategy to in situ deposit Ag nanoparticles on the surface of FeCo-MOF and successfully fabricated the Ag@FeCo-MOF composite anode material. The excellent electrochemical performance is primarily attributed to the high specific surface area of the MOF carrier and the synergistic effect of the bimetallic active sites. Meanwhile, the successful loading of Ag nanoparticles has constructed an efficient three-dimensional conductive network, increasing electronic conductivity by 100 times and significantly accelerating electron transport kinetics. Electrochemical tests indicate that the initial discharge specific capacity of Ag@FeCo-MOF is 534.2 mAh g−1 at a current density of 500 mA g−1, with Coulombic efficiency exceeding 98%. After 500 cycles, the discharge capacity remains at 513.9 mAh g−1 without significant decay.
Electrochemical nitrate reduction (NO 3 RR) under ambient conditions offers a sustainable route for ammonia (NH 3 ) synthesis; however, its efficiency is restricted by the kinetic mismatch between water dissociation and nitrate hydrogenation. Here, we design Ag/CoNiS heterostructures in which Ag loading density programs interfacial confinement to regulate hydrogen spillover from CoNiS water-activation domains to Ag-associated nitrate/nitrogen oxide (NO x ) intermediates, thereby coupling * H generation, relay, and deep nitrate hydrogenation. The optimized Ag M /CoNiS achieves an NH 3 yield of 22.31 mg h −1 cm −2 with 99.13% Faradaic efficiency. In situ Raman, distribution of relaxation times (DRT) analysis, hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) isotope experiments, and tert-butanol (TBA) perturbation tests reveal that the confined Ag–CoNiS interface regulates interfacial water and establishes a balanced * H supply–consumption regime, thereby suppressing competing hydrogen evolution. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further show that Ag facilitates nitrate deoxygenation, whereas excessive Ag coverage weakens Co/Ni-centered water activation, explaining the volcano-type activity trend. Coupling NO 3 RR with the sulfide oxidation reaction (SOR) further enables a low-voltage NO 3 RR||SOR electrolyzer, requiring only 0.70 V at 50 mA cm −2 for energy-saving co-production of ammonia and sulfur.
It is demanding to exploit highly efficient ethanol sensors due to the malign irritating effects and explosion risks. This paper reports an excellent ethanol sensor based on metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)-derived Ag@ZnO nanoparticles (NPs). Specifically, 1.25 wt% Ag@ZnO sensor exhibits a ninefold improvement of response at 230 ℃ (~ 120, to 100 ppm ethanol), besides the short response time (~ 5 s) and a low theoretical detection limit (35 ppb). We propose that the optimized Ag dopant boosts sensing performances due to the electronic/chemical sensitization effects, besides the increased oxygen vacancies and nano-heterojunctions. The superior sensitivity and selectivity of the innovative ZIF-8 derived Ag@ZnO sensors may provide a valuable reference for promising ethanol sensing applications.
Micron-Ag pressureless sintering faces grave challenges in high power SiC device packaging with simultaneously possessing low sintering temperature and excellent bonding strength and thermal conductivity. Herein, a cost-effective micron-Ag paste with high sintering driving force was designed and prepared by solvent engineering and preheating temperature regulation. Consequently, the optimized Ag sintered joint yields a record shear strength of 43.9 MPa at a sintering temperature of 250 °C. Furthermore, the packaged SiC device with micron-Ag paste possesses power cycle numbers of 4525 cycles, which is 1.6 times higher than that of SiC device packaged by the traditional SAC solder. The findings provide valuable guidelines to develop high quality micron-Ag paste for high power electronics packaging.
Since the discovery of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ (YBCO or Y123), enhancing its superconducting and mechanical properties has been a major focus. Ag doping is a promising strategy for bulk materials, but its mechanism remains debated, particularly regarding whether Ag segregates at grain boundaries or enters the lattice. The origin of the enhancement remains unclear, as conventional powder-doping methods hinder gradient formation and obscure key effects at specific doping levels. Here, we propose a dual-material co-extrusion and freeze-drying strategy to construct a macroscopic Ag-YBCO interface, where directional pores in YBCO enable Ag diffusion and compositional gradient formation at high temperatures. Experiments reveal a [001]-oriented YBa 2 Cu 3-x Ag x O 7-δ solid solution with coherent interfaces with Y123, which transmit crystallographic orientation at the atomic scale and promote orientated Y123 growth. First-principles calculations reveal that Ag substitution-induced lattice relaxation plays a key role in driving texture formation. As a result, the composite exhibits a significantly enhanced critical current density ( J c ) while maintaining a stable critical temperature ( T c ), accompanied by a transition in the fracture behavior from intergranular to transgranular fracture. This work reveals the mechanism of solid solution-driven texture induced by Ag doping in YBCO, providing new insights into dopant-mediated texture evolution in REBCO (Re = rare earth) superconductors.
Natural biomaterial-derived membranes show great potential for guided bone regeneration (GBR) and bone tissue engineering due to excellent biocompatibility and degradability. While incorporating inorganic nanoparticles like hydroxyapatite (HA) is a common strengthening strategy, the systematic impact of nanoparticle morphology on the integrated performance of composite membranes remains a critical, yet underexplored, knowledge gap. Here, we developed chitosan (CS)-based composite membranes incorporating hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles of four morphologies: large lamellar (LHA), small lamellar (SHA), wire-like (WHA), and rod-like (RHA). Additionally, HA’s capacity as an ion carrier enabled the loading of silver (Ag) to impart antibacterial properties. High-aspect-ratio fillers (LHA, WHA) promoted crack deflection and energy dissipation, achieving tensile strengths up to 82.47 ± 4.10 MPa and toughness up to 28.61 ± 5.02 MJ·m −3 —significantly outperforming pure CS membranes. This reinforcement mechanism extended to other matrices, such as sodium alginate. Simultaneously, the Ag-loaded HA (Ag-HA) composite membranes synergistically enhanced osteogenic activity (alkaline phosphatase) and exhibited strong antibacterial efficacy. These findings elucidate morphology–size–performance correlations, providing a framework for designing multifunctional GBR biomaterials with enhanced mechanical properties, osteogenesis, and antimicrobial capabilities.
The rapid fabrication of low-cost surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates is highly desirable for chemical and biological sensing. Existing customized SERS substrates, such as Au or Ag nanostructures produced by physical deposition, frequently involve complex fabrication routes, which limits the scalability of SERS devices. Here, we present the hexagonal close-packed plasmonic superlattices as an efficient, low-cost and applicable SERS platform, fabricated by scalable seed-mediated growth and interfacial self-assembly methods. We systematically compared Ag, Au, and Au@Ag nanospheres (NSs) of different sizes and demonstrated that the plasmonic superlattices made by 55 nm Au@Ag NSs exhibit the strongest Raman response, highest sensitivity, lowest detection limit, good spatial uniformity, and broad applicability. Simulations and Raman mapping experiments further confirm that Au@Ag NSs achieve an optimal balance between hotspot density and plasmonic field intensity, allowing for direct identification and quantification of diverse biochemical targets.
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