Inorganics
·
2023
·Vol. 11
·期 4
·155
·
IF 2.9
Tie Shi,Yanmei Feng,Yi Zhong,Hao Ding,Kai Chen,Daimei Chen
High photoelectrochemical water oxidation efficiency can be achieved through an efficient photogenerated holes transfer pathway. Constructing a photoanode semiconductor heterojunction with close interface contact is an effective tactic to improve the efficiency of photogenerated carrier separation. Here, we reported a novel photoanode p-n junction of Ti:Fe2O3/Cu2O (n-Ti:Fe2O3and p-Cu2O), Cu2O being obtained by in situ reduction in CuAl-LDH (layered double hydroxides). The Ti:Fe2O3/Cu2O photoanode exhibits a high photocurrent density reaching 1.35 mA/cm2at 1.23 V vs. RHE is about 1.67 and 50 times higher than the Ti:Fe2O3and α-Fe2O3photoanode, respectively. The enhanced PEC activity for the n-Ti:Fe2O3/p-Cu2O photoelectrode is due to the remarkable surface charge separation efficiency (ηsurface85%) and bulk charge separation efficiency (ηbulk72%) formed by the p-n junction and the tight interface contact formed by in situ reduction. Moreover, as a cocatalyst, CuAl-LDH can protect the Ti:Fe2O3/Cu2O photoanode and improve its stability to a certain extent. This study provides insight into the manufacturing potential of in situ reduction layered double hydroxides semiconductor for designing highly active photoanodes in the field of photoelectrochemical water oxidation.
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BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 11.4
Meixin Wang,Yawei Zhan,Jiayue Zhao,Zhiqiang Li
Bamboo and its mechanical processing residues have broad prospects for high value-added utilization. In this research, p-toluenesulfonic acid was used for the pretreatment of bamboo to investigate the effects of extraction and depolymerization of hemicellulose. The response and behavior of changes of cell-wall chemical components were investigated after different solvent concentration, time, and temperature pretreatment. Results indicated that the maximum extraction yield of hemicellulose was 95.16 % with 5 % p-toluenesulfonic acid at 140 °C for 30 min. The depolymerized components of hemicellulose in the filtrate were mainly xylose and xylooligosaccharide, with xylobiose accounting for 30.77 %. The extraction of xylose from the filtrate reached a maximum of 90.16 % with 5 % p-toluenesulfonic acid at 150 °C for 30 min pretreatment. This research provided a potential strategy for the industrial production of xylose and xylooligosaccharide from bamboo and for the future conversion and utilization.
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COLLOID AND POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2023
·Vol. 301
·期 5
·445-453
·
IF 2.4
Li Bin,Hao Wenrui,Xu Xiaojia,Liu Jizhen,Fu Dandan,Zhou Mengjing,Hu Zhigang
Choline chloride (ChCl) was used as the hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) as the hydrogen bond donor (HBD), and the three materials were mixed in a certain molar ratio to obtain deep eutectic solvent (DES). Subsequently, P(IA-co-AA-co-AM) composite hydrogels were prepared by adding itaconic acid (IA) to DES using the frontal polymerization (FP) method. The hydrogels were characterized by Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the influence patterns of IA content on the mechanical properties, swelling properties, and pH responsiveness of the composite hydrogels were investigated. The results showed that the composite hydrogel exhibited a homogeneous porous structure. The elongation at the break of the composite hydrogel gradually increased with the increase of IA content, and the elongation of the FP4 sample reached 167%. The addition of IA increased the number of hydrophilic groups, resulting in a 2.14-fold increase in the equilibrium swelling of the composite hydrogel in distilled water. P(IA-co-AA-co-AM) composite hydrogels exhibit different swelling patterns in acidic and alkaline environments, making them promising for acid–base indicators, biosensors, and other applications. In this study, a simpler and greener method was proposed to prepare P(IA-co-AA-co-AM) composite hydrogels with pH responsiveness.
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Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery
·
2023
·
IF 4
Zhang Hao,Zhang Xia,Li Wenzhi,Wu Wenjian,Tang Bingyue,Zhu Chen
Efficient extraction of lignin from intricate lignocellulose is a challenge for the high-value utilization of lignocellulosic biomass in sustainable biorefinery. In this work, a p -toluene sulfonic acid-coupling ethylene glycol (PTSA/EG) pretreatment was developed to extract lignin from cornstalks. The results showed that the synergistic effect between p -toluene sulfonic acid and ethylene glycol resulted in an increase in the delignification ratio from 43.43 to 85.37% compared with PTSA aqueous pretreatment. When the concentration of PTSA was 5 wt.%, the delignification ratio reached 85.37% at 383.15 K under the PTSA/EG pretreatment. Moreover, the lignin fractions obtained by water precipitation have high purity (>90%) and a low molecular weight (1777~2271 Da). The fractionated lignin was depolymerized with Ru/C catalyst and methanol at 508.15 K for 3 h. When the pretreatment temperature is 368.15 K, the fractionated lignin has a good depolymerization performance, and the detected monomers yield reaches 17.46%. Overall, pretreatment using PTSA and EG could realize the disruption of the degradation barrier of lignocellulose and fractionate lignin with specific structures by adjusting the pretreatment conditions, which was conducive to commercial applications in biomass refining.
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RSC Advances
·
2023
·Vol. 13
·期 9
·5957-5969
·
IF 3.9
Dai Yongheng,Yuan Huayu,Li Jiang,Su Qi,Yi Qianwen,Zhang Yuntao
The construction of direct Z-scheme heterojunctions with high photocatalytic degradation ability is important for wastewater treatment, but there are still many unsolved challenges. In this article, we report the fabrication of a Z-scheme P–TiO2/g-C3N4 (CNPT-X) heterostructure by the calcination method. Under simulated sunlight, CNPT-X composites are found to show excellent degradation performance against sulfonamide antibiotics sulfadiazine (SD), sulfamethazine (SM2), sulfamonomethoxine (SMM), and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ). CNPT-3 (400 mg L−1) can be used to degrade four sulfa antibiotics within 90 min, with a degradation rate as high as 99%, which is higher than that for P–TiO2 and g-C3N4 alone. The internal electron transfer paths and mechanisms for the composites are revealed by ESR radical detection experiments, XPS energy spectrum shifts, valence band positions and active material quenching experiments. Furthermore, the degradation products are analyzed by GC-MS, and four possible degradation pathways for sulfonamide pollutants are proposed. This photocatalyst provides new insights into the fundamental aspects of the photocatalytic degradation mechanism for composite pollutants, as well as new ideas for practical environmental applications.
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
·
2018
·Vol. 30
·期 3
·2501-2511
·
IF 2.324
Zhang Zhao,Yang Hui,Wang Hao,Ding Xingeng,Zhang Qilong,Zhu Zhicai
In this work, KTa 0.2 Nb 0.8 O 3 –BaTiO 3 (KTN–BT) hybrid nanoparticles were synthesized via a facile one-pot hydrothermal method. Flexible nanocomposite films comprised of poly (vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene) P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) matrix and KTN–BT hybrid fillers of different molar ratio were prepared by solution-casting. It is revealed that the introduction of BT to the KTN causes decreased grain size and homogenous morphology, improving the dielectric constant, breakdown strengthen and energy density of nanocomposite films. Typically, the nanocomposite film containing 40 vol% KTN–BT possesses a dielectric constant of 322 at 100 Hz, which is 8.7 times than that of pure polymer. Also, nanocomposite film with < 10 vol% of filler could achieve high breakdown strength of over 300 MV m −1 . The energy density of the film containing 2 vol% KTN–BT filler is 61.4% higher than that of pure P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) polymer. (7.1 J cm −3 compared to 4.4 J cm −3 .) In addition, the nanocomposites also displayed good flexibility and kept excellent dielectric properties after bending and folding. All the improved performance enables these composites to meet the requirements of many flexible electronic devices and energy storage devices.
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
·
2018
·Vol. 54
·期 6
·4589-4600
·
IF 2.993
Tan Jiabin,He Xiaobo,Yin Fengxiang,Liang Xin,Chen Biaohua,Li Guoru,Yin Huaqiang
In this study, a β-Mo 2 C/N, P-co-doped carbon (NPC) catalyst with a porous structure of β-Mo 2 C nanoparticles loading on NPC matrix was prepared by vacuum-rotary evaporation and followed by a facile pyrolysis process for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The porous structure is beneficial for exposing more active sites and the mass transfer during the HER. In addition, the carbon matrixes with the highly doped N and P heteroatoms also provide their positive contributions to its high catalytic activity for HER. Owing to the advantages mentioned above, the optimized catalyst shows a small overpotential of 181 mV for driving a cathodic current density of 10 mA cm −2 , a low Tafel slope of 65.3 mV dec −1 and a high exchange current density of 1.5 × 10 −2 mA cm −2 during HER processes in acid electrolyte. The excellent performance of the β-Mo 2 C/NPC makes it a great potential candidate as the HER electrocatalyst.
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DALTON TRANSACTIONS
·
2018
·Vol. 48
·期 3
·891-897
·
IF 4.099
Bing Chang,Yingchun Yang,Zhixiang Ye,Shengyu Liu
Hydrogen is the most attractive source of energy in the 21st century. However, high-efficiency mass production of hydrogen still faces many challenges. Although electrochemical water splitting is an ideal way to produce hydrogen, it requires low-cost and efficient electrocatalysts. In this work, a hybrid shell/core Co–P/CuO nanowire array was fabricated by Co–P film electrodeposition on a CuO nanowire array. Because of the synergy between Co–P and CuO nanowire arrays, Co–P/CuO shows remarkable activity toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). This bifunctional electrocatalyst achieving 20 mA cm−2 requires a cell voltage of only 1.645 V, and has superb long-term electrochemical stability and high faradaic efficiency.
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IONICS
·
2019
·Vol. 25
·期 7
·3189-3196
·
IF 2.289
Wang Ping,Zhou Yiyang,Xu Pei,Ding Yunsheng
Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS) was used to investigate the effect of morphological evolution on conductivity behavior of PLA/PCL blends containing P[MPEGMA-IL]. The morphology of blends changes from sea-island morphology into co-continuous morphology with increasing P[MPEGMA-IL] content. P[MEPGMA-IL] could mainly localize in PCL domains and expand to the interface layer between the PLA and PCL phase because of the low viscosity of PCL phase and the high affinity of MEPGMA groups for both polymer phases. The dielectric results were discussed in terms of α relaxation that corresponds to normal and segmental mode movement, interfacial polarization that corresponds to interfacial aggregation of charge carriers, and ac conductivity that originates from conductive network of mobile charge carriers. Co-continuous morphology and high ions concentration lead to the enhancement of segment movement and ion conductive channel in PCL phase, which correspond to high conductivity and low activation energy of PLA/PCL/8P[MEGMA-IL] blend.
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MICROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2019
·Vol. 186
·期 6
·1-8
·
IF 5.479
Li Chunmei,Zheng Youkun,Ding Hongwei,Jiang Hui,Wang Xuemei
We report on the synthesis of chromium(III)-doped carbon dots (Cr-CDs) by one-pot hydrothermal pathway using tris(2, 4-pentanedionato) chromium(III) and polyethyleneimine as precursors. The Cr-CDs have a graphene-analogous structure and display blue-green fluorescence with excitation/emission maxima at 350/466 nm, a 20% quantum yield, and excitation-independent emissions. Their cytotoxicity is low. The Cr-CDs were used as a fluorescence probe for p -nitrophenol ( p -NP). The assay has a linear working range that extends from 0.8~150 μM and a 0.27 μM lower detection limit. The assay was applied to the detecting of p -NP in spiked human urine, and conceivably may be extended to a method for the determination of parathion.
Schematic presentation for the synthesis of Cr-CDs (chromium(III)-doped carbon dots) and their application to the fluorometric determination of p -NP ( p -nitrophenol) based on an inner filter effect.
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Frontiers in Materials
·
2019
·
IF 2.689
Xie Lijuan,Li Zhong,Sun Linchao,Dong Baoxia,Fatima Qawareer,Wang Zhe,Yao Zhengjun,Haidry Azhar Ali
Titanium dioxide is considered as one of the potential candidates for high-temperature gas sensing applications due to its excellent sensitivity and stability. However, its practical use as a gas sensor under elevated conditions is limited on account of its selectivity and insufficient understanding of response conversion from n- to p-type. To this context, the present work is intended to prepare and understand the p-type response of anatase TiO2 toward H2 gas (20–1,000 ppm) at elevated temperature (500°C). Sol-gel route is adopted to facilely synthesize powders containing pure and chromium (1–10 at.%) doped TiO2 nanoparticles, which are then brushed onto substrates with already patterned inter-digitated platinum electrodes. In this work, even, the undoped TiO2 samples showed p-type gas sensing response, which then decreased with Cr doping. However, in comparison to previously reported work, the sensing characteristics of all sensors is improved. For instance, 5 at.% Cr-TiO2 showed high response (147), fast response and recovery (142/123s) time, and good selectivity to hydrogen against monoxide and methane. Despite better response values, the TiO2 based samples show instability and drift in baseline resistance; such issues were not observed for Cr-doped TiO2 samples (≥3 at.%). The powders were further analyzed by XRD, SEM, TEM, and XPS to understand the basic characteristics, p-type response and stability. Further, a plausible sensing mechanism is discussed on basis of results obtained from aforementioned techniques.
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JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
·
2019
·
IF 4.561
Kui Wu,Yajun Li
The solid-liquid equilibrium data and solution thermodynamics of chemicals are indispensable for the synthesis and purification of crystalline products in industry. The selection of a solvent directly influences the yield and purity of a product. In this work, the solubility of p -toluenesulfonamide ( p -TSA) in 16 pure solvents, methanol, ethanol, n -propanol, isopropanol, n -butanol, isobutanol , n -pentanol, isopentanol, acetone, ethyl acetate , acetonitrile , cyclohexanone , cyclopentanone , methyl acetate , ethyl formate and dichloromethane , was determined by a static gravimetric method at temperatures ranging from 273.15 to 324.75 K under atmospheric pressure. The results indicate that the mole fraction solubility of p -TSA increased with increasing temperature in all 16 solvents. The solubility value in the selected alcohols ranks in the following order: methanol > ethanol > n -propanol > isopropanol > n -butanol > n -pentanol > isopentanol > isobutanol , and the polarity of a solvent seems to be an important factor influencing the solubility of p -TSA in alcohols. In the other eight solvents, the solubility sequence is cyclopentanone > acetone > cyclohexanone > (acetonitrile, methyl acetate) > ethyl acetate > ethyl formate > dichloromethane , which strongly deviates from the order of solvent polarities. Then, the measured solubility data were correlated with four thermodynamic models, i.e., the modified Apelblat equation, λh equation, non-random two-liquid (NRTL) equation and the Wilson equation. Overall, the NRTL model provided the most satisfactory fitting results. Furthermore, the dissolution thermodynamic parameters, Gibbs energy (△ dis G ), molar enthalpy (△ dis H ) and molar entropy (△ dis S ) were calculated according to the Wilson model. The values of △ dis H and △ dis S are positive in all selected solvents, showing that the dissolution process of p -TSA in the selected solvents is endothermic and entropy-driven. The △ dis G values are negative in all selected solvents and decrease with increasing temperature, which demonstrates that dissolution of p -TSA in the selected solvents is favorable and spontaneous.
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