PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS
·
2021
·Vol. 46
·期 10
·1598-1610
·
IF 1.887
Xiaoxia Ma,Xi Chen,Yuxiang Li,Zhiqiang Qiao,Guangcheng Yang,Kaili Zhang
The afterburning effect of aluminized explosives makes them have strong damage ability to soft targets, but the aluminum particles in the composition often cannot achieve proper combustion. The high ignition temperature of micron aluminum powder is one of the main reasons. In this work, we introduce nanothermite reaction with low onset temperature (<660 °C) into aluminized explosives by replacing the base explosives with energetic coordination polymers (ECPs). The decomposition products of many ECPs contain corresponding metal oxides that will react with aluminum via thermite reaction. Three kinds of ECPs ([CoC 2 H 4 N 8 O 4 ] n , [NiC 2 H 4 N 8 O 4 ] n and [CuC 2 H 4 N 8 O 4 ] n ) are constructed and compounded with nano-aluminum (nano-Al) particles to form aluminized ECPs. The influence of metal ion species and Al/Metal (Al/Me) molar ratio on their energetic properties are systematically studied. The results show that the exothermic thermite reaction with low onset temperature plays an important role in the combustion propagation of aluminized ECPs, and the possible mechanism is proposed. When the Al/Me molar ratio is 3–4, the aluminized ECPs have the best peak pressure and pressurization rate. At the optimum molar ratio, the pressure and pressurization rate of aluminized ECP(Co) are much higher than those of aluminized ECP(Ni) and ECP(Cu). Among the three kinds of aluminized ECPs, the aluminized ECP(Co) has the best energetic characteristics and can be used as a preferred choice. However, for the applications that require a long-time heat supply, aluminized ECP(Cu) will be suitable.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
·
2019
·Vol. 166
·期 15
·A3539
·
IF 3.12
Handong Jiao,Shuqiang Jiao,Wei-Li Song,Haosen Chen,Mingyong Wang,Jiguo Tu,Daining Fang
Rechargeable Al-ion batteries have attracted great interest due to their advantages in high anode capacity, high safety, etc. However, conventional Al foil negative electrode has critical problems in corrosion and pulverization. Here, we propose a novel Cu-Al composite, which is prepared by a facile electrochemical plating approach, as the negative electrode for addressing above challenges. Remarkably, the plated Cu foil negative electrode delivers excellent stability and long cycle life compared with the Al foil negative electrode, although its thickness and areal mass density are only 30% and ∼76% of that of the Al foil negative electrode, respectively. The essential pulverization problem in bare Al negative electrode would be dramatically reduced attributing to excellent corrosion resistance of Cu foil. Besides, the plated Al is still attached to the Cu foil during repeated charge-discharge processes, resulting in a nearly 100% Coulombic efficiency even after long-term cycling. More importantly, the plated Cu foil negative electrode is convenient for the large-scale practical applications. In view of our results, this work opens an effective approach for configuring low-cost, high energy density, long cycle life and scalable negative electrode of Al-ion batteries.
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高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2021
·
IF 9.229
Wen-Gang Cui,Yan-Ting Li,Lei Yu,Hongbo Zhang,Tong-Liang Hu
Selective hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol is a “two birds, one stone” technology to mitigate the greenhouse effect and solve the energy demand–supply deficit. Cu-based catalysts can effectively catalyze this reaction but suffer from low catalytic stability caused by the sintering of Cu species. Here, we report a series of zeolite-fixed catalysts Cu/ZnOx(Y)@Na-ZSM-5 (Y is the mass ratios of Cu/Zn in the catalysts) with core–shell structures to overcome this issue and strengthen the transformation. Fascinatingly, in this work, we first employed bimetallic metal–organic framework, CuZn-HKUST-1, nanoparticles (NPs) as a sacrificial agent to introduce ultrasmall Cu/ZnOx NPs (∼2 nm) into the crystalline particles of the Na-ZSM-5 zeolite via a hydrothermal synthesis method. The catalytic results showed that the optimized zeolite-encapsulated Cu/ZnOx(1.38)@Na-ZSM-5 catalyst exhibited the space time yield of methanol (STYMeOH) of 44.88 gMeOH·gCu–1·h–1, much more efficient than the supported Cu/ZnOx/Na-ZSM-5 catalyst (13.32 gMeOH·gCu–1·h–1) and industrial Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst (8.46 gMeOH·gCu–1·h–1) under identical conditions. Multiple studies demonstrated that the confinement in the zeolite formwork affords an intimate surrounding for the active phase to create synergies and avoid the separation of Cu–ZnOx interfaces, which results in an improved performance. More importantly, in the long-term test, the Cu/ZnOx(1.38)@Na-ZSM-5 catalyst exhibited constant STYMeOH with superior durability benefitted from its fixed structure. The current findings demonstrate the importance of confinement effects in designing highly efficient and stable methanol synthesis catalysts.
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高影响因子
Nature Communications
·
2024
·Vol. 15
·期 1
·1-14
·
IF 14.7
Zhang Minghao,Sun Chenxi,Chen Guanhong,Kang Yuanhong,Lv Zeheng,Yang Jin,Li Siyang,Lin Pengxiang,Tang Rong,Wen Zhipeng,Li Cheng Chao,Zhao Jinbao,Yang Yang
Rechargeable aqueous zinc-metal batteries, considered as the possible post-lithium-ion battery technology for large-scale energy storage, face severe challenges such as dendrite growth and hydrogen evolution side reaction (HER) on Zn negative electrode. Herein, a three-dimensional Cu-In alloy interface is developed through a facile potential co-replacement route to realize uniform Zn nucleation and HER anticatalytic effect simultaneously. Both theoretical calculations and experimental results demonstrate that this bifunctional Cu-In alloy interface inherits the merits of low Zn-nucleation overpotential and high HER overpotential from individual copper and indium constituents, respectively. Moreover, the dynamical self-reconstruction during cycling leads to an HER-anticatalytic and zincophilic gradient hierarchical structure, enabling highly reversible Zn chemistry with dendrite-free Zn (002) deposition and inhibited HER. Moreover, the improved interface stability featured by negligible pH fluctuations in the diffusion layer and suppressed by-product formation is evidenced by in-situ scanning probe technology, Raman spectroscopy, and electrochemical gas chromatography. Consequently, the lifespan of the CuIn@Zn symmetric cell is extended to more than one year with a voltage hysteresis of 6 mV. Importantly, the CuIn@Zn negative electrode is also successfully coupled with high-loading iodine positive electrode to fabricate Ah-level (1.1 Ah) laminated pouch cell, which exhibits a capacity retention of 67.9% after 1700 cycles.
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高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2020
·
IF 3.99
Xubing Sun,Jiayong Zhang,Yaohui You
Xanthated black wattle tannin gel (XBTG) was prepared by modifying black wattle tannin gel (BTG) with carbon disulfide to improve the performance of Cu(II) removal. Structure characterization demonstrated that xanthate groups were successfully introduced onto BTG and surface morphology of BTG was maintained after CS 2 -modification. Zeta potential measurement showed that XBTG was negative charged at a pH range from 1 to 5. Compared to the BTG, the thermal stability and the surface area of XBTG decreased, but the Cu(II) adsorption rate and adsorption capacity increased. The adsorption kinetics of BTG and XBTG followed pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption isotherms fitted well with Langmuir model, and the calculated maximum adsorption capacity for the XBTG increased to 149.25 mg/g at 298 K, which was 228.95 % higher than BTG. Moreover, the Cu(II) loaded XBTG could be regenerated using 0.1 M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt solution. The adsorption capacity of the regenerated XBTG after five cycles decreased to 58 % compared with the fresh adsorbent, which was equivalent to that of BTG. The adsorption mechanism was attributed to the surface complexation of Cu(II) by adjacent phenolic hydroxyl groups and xanthate groups or to the ion exchange between Na(I) and Cu(II).
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
·
2020
·Vol. 147
·期 1
·04020142
·
IF 1.264
Yuefeng Qiu,Liming Kong,Tonghe Chen,Qin Xu
Cu+-modified SBA-15 (Cu+/SBA-15, SBA-15 refers well-ordered hexagonal mesoporous silica) was prepared for adsorption of tetracycline (TC) by the pH adjusting reduction method. Some Cu+ species (Cu2O) are aggregated on the outside surface of SBA-15, and the other Cu+ species are highly dispersed in SBA-15 via ≡Si-O-Cu. Its adsorption mechanism was firstly studied via comparison with CuO/SBA-15. The TC adsorption kinetic of Cu+/SBA-15 fitted the pseudo-second-order model well. The adsorption isotherms at 293, 303, and 313 K were determined and modeled with Langmuir and Freundlich equations, and the Qmax of Cu+/SBA-15 for TC calculated from Langmuir model could reach 961.54 mg/g at 313 K. Its good adsorption performance for TC is associated with the high surface area of SBA-15, highly dispersed Cu+ species, and mesoporous structure. The adsorption of Cu+/SBA-15 for TC is an endothermic process, and adsorption heat is 66.88 kJ·mol−1, which implies that the adsorption process of Cu+/SBA-15 for TC is weak chemisorption. The adsorption mechanism of Cu+/SBA-15 was mainly explored via comparing with CuO/SBA-15 by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectroscopy analysis. Besides the coordination complexation of Cu+ with NH2 radical of TC, the π-complexation between Cu+, and the benzene ring of TC improved the adsorption capacity of Cu+/SBA-15 for TC comparing with CuO/SBA-15 and showed a dominant role for TC adsorption.
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高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2019
·
IF 5.107
Guichen Gong,Pan Wang,Jie Liu,Yuexin Han,Yimin Zhu
The effect and mechanism of Cu(II) on the flotation separation of cassiterite from fluorite using styrene phosphonic acid (SPA) as a collector were investigated by flotation tests, zeta potential measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis and density function theory (DFT) calculations. SPA showed good collecting ability for both cassiterite and fluorite, and Cu(II) could intensively and selectively depress fluorite. At pH 4.0, using 100 mg/L SPA as the collector and 5 × 10 −4 mol/L Cu(II) as the inhibitor, a tin concentrate with a grade of 92.3% SnO 2 and a recovery of 85.6% was obtained for an artificially mixed sample which contained 47.86% SnO 2 . Zeta potential and XPS analyses indicated that Cu(II) was anchored on cassiterite surface but not on fluorite surface, and Cu(II) hindered the adsorption of SPA on fluorite but had negligible influence on the adsorption of SPA cassiterite. DFT calculations confirmed that the affinity between Cu(II) and SPA is much stronger than that between Cu(II) and fluorite surface, and the adsorption of SPA on cassiterite surface was not weakened by the presence of Cu(II). Consequently, it was inferred that Cu(II) consumed the collector SPA in the pulp, and the flotation of cassiterite was unaffected but fluorite was depressed by Cu(II). Therefore, Cu(II) is an effective inhibitor for the flotation separation of cassiterite from fluorite.
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高影响因子
Journal of Cleaner Production
·
2023
·
IF 11.1
Lujie Zuo,Shufan Yu,Rongjun Zhang,Hongwei Li,Yu Wu,Rufat Abiev,Zhao Sun,Zhiqiang Sun
Methanol is a competitive candidate for in-situ hydrogen supply; however, the techniques of methanol-to-hydrogen production are suffered from high reforming temperatures and catalyst deactivation . In this work, the chemical looping oxidative reforming of methanol is conducted using a Pd–Cu-based catalytic oxygen carrier (PdO–CuO–CuMn 2 O 4 ). Synergistic enhancement of lattice oxygen induction and Pd–Cu alloy activation is confirmed, thereby achieving efficient methanol reforming at a temperature as low as 200 °C. Under such low temperatures, the hydrogen production rate can reach an average of 11.2 times higher than that of CuO/ZnO/Al 2 O 3 . Moreover, the catalytic oxygen carrier remains relatively satisfying redox durability after 30th cycle. SEM and AFM measurements reveal the high degree of roughness at the PdO–CuO–CuMn 2 O 4 surface, in which the methanol activation can be effectively promoted. XRD and XPS measurements verify the formation of Pd–Cu alloy, as proved by the charge transfer from Pd to Cu. During the redox looping, Pd–Cu alloy is formed and re-separated to be PdO and CuO, thus remaining homogenous distribution of the active phase on an atomic scale. Meanwhile, the lattice oxygen also plays a crucial role in methanol activation, synergistically enhancing the low-temperature reforming of methanol. This study provides a new implication for designing functionalized catalytic oxygen carrier materials , which will substantially promote in-situ hydrogen supply for proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
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高影响因子
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
·
2023
·
IF 4.7
Zhichao Yang,Dehui Zheng,Zhen Wang,Tingbin Liang,Shuangbao Wang
Twin-jet electropolishing (TJE) is a well-known method to prepare Cu-containing Al alloys for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation. Previous studies have reported a Cu-rich layer usually formed between Al matrix and outermost alumina layer at the electropolished Al surface. However, characteristics and formation mechanisms of the Cu-rich layer remain largely unexplored. Herein, configurations, formation process and property of the Cu-rich layer formed during TJE of Al alloys are revealed detailly employing aberration-corrected scanning TEM (STEM), STEM image simulations and first-principles calculations. The results reveal a new orientation relationship between the Cu-rich layer (θ’-Al 2 Cu) and Al matrix, which produces a low interfacial Al strain field. Formations of ∼2-nm-thick θ’ layer and its beneath ∼6-nm-thick Cu diffusion zone at the electropolished Cu-containing Al surface are mainly associated with traces of Cu in the electrolyte and anodization. Selective oxidation of elements, Cu-emitting alumina layer and spontaneous solute Cu segregation at the Al surface are also responsible for formations of the θ’ layer and Cu diffusion zone. Further study reveals that the θ’ layer behaves a strong self-healing ability after damaged by high-energy electron beam. The obtained results provide a potential insight into the surface modification of metals and alloys using electrochemical method.
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高影响因子
MINERALS ENGINEERING
·
2020
·
IF 3.795
Hai Yan,Bingqiao Yang,Mengyuan Zeng,Pengliang Huang,Aiping Teng
Molybdenite and chalcopyrite is generally separated through the selective depression of chalcopyrite using potentially toxic depressants such as sodium sulfide and cyanides. In this work, xanthan gum (XG), a polymer polysaccharide, was investigated as a potential molybdenite depressant in copper-molybdenum sulfides separation. Single mineral flotation tests indicated that molybdenite could be effectively depressed by XG, while chalcopyrite was slightly affected. The artificial mixed minerals flotation tests proved that molybdenite and chalcopyrite could be selectively separated with the addition of XG. The adsorption mechanism was studied through zeta potential and infrared spectroscopy measurements. The results revealed that XG mainly adsorbed on molybdenite surfaces other than chalcopyrite. In a word, the experiments results illustrated that XG could be applied as a promising depressant in the selective flotation separation of molybdenite and chalcopyrite, which has the advantage of environment compatibility over conventional copper depressants.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
·
2017
·Vol. 46
·期 10
·5877-5883
·
IF 1.579
Wang Yan,Han Jing,Guo Fu,Ke Xiaoxing
Grain orientations are a significant factor under high-density current stressing, but there are few literature reports about the influence of grain orientation on electromigration in composite solder joints. Most research relating to the electromigration behavior of composite solders have been carried out by adding different kinds of reinforced particles in order to relieve the electromigration phenomena, while the impacts of grain orientation on the electromigration have been neglected. In this paper, Sn-3.5Ag composite solder joints reinforced by 2 vol.% Cu were fabricated to investigate the effects of Sn grain orientation on electromigration. The one-dimensional single-grained solder joints were stressed under a constant current density of 10 4 A/cm 2 for different times at room temperature. The samples, of which the c -axis of the Sn grains was nearly parallel to the electron flow direction, exhibited serious electromigration-induced phenomena after current stressing for 528 h. However, electromigration was not observed in the samples where the Sn grains had their c -axis perpendicular to the electron flow direction. Therefore, the grain orientations have a great influence on the electromigration behavior in composite solders and Cu atoms moved faster along the c -axis of the Sn grains than along the a - and b -axes during current stressing.
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高影响因子
NANOTECHNOLOGY
·
2022
·Vol. 33
·期 28
·285705
·
IF 3.953
Yu Zhang,Qiang Liu,Yu Liu,Jin Tong,Zhongwei Huang,Song Wu,Peilin Liang,Guannan Yang,Chengqiang Cui
A green method for the synthesis of in situ Cu paste is developed. Cu particles are prepared through chemical reduction by selecting a special copper source, reducing agent, and solvent. Then the reaction solution is directly concentrated to obtain an in situ Cu paste. The synthesis of Cu particles and the preparation of Cu paste are conducted simultaneously, and the process of separation, purification, drying, storage, and re-dispersion of powder are reduced. Particles are not directly exposed to air, thus the oxidation of micro/submicron -Cu is effectively prevented, and the agglomeration of particles caused by drying and dispersion operations is simultaneously reduced. Furthermore, the proposed method has a certain universality, and different types of Cu sources can be used to prepare in situ paste with different sizes and morphologies. The entire preparation process is simple, efficient, green, and the yield can reach 99.99%, which breaks through the bottleneck of the application of traditional micro/submicron-Cu materials. Copper acetate-based in situ paste is sintered for 30 min at 260 °C and 2 MPa in a reducing atmosphere. The shear strength, resistivity, and thermal conductivity reach 55.26 MPa, 4.01 × 10–8 Ω·m, and 92.75 W/(m·K), respectively, which could meet the interconnection application of power semiconductor devices.
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高影响因子
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