Foods
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2026
·Vol. 15
·期 15
·2690
·
IF 6
Wenjuan Li,Jing Sun,Yang Yang,Wei Zhao,Zhao Dang,Yaping Xie,Yanni Qi,Xingrong Wang,Yanjun Zhang,Gang Wang,Nan Lu,Yaming Niu,Zuyu Hu,Limin Wang,Jianping Zhang
Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimumL.) is widely recognized as a functional food due to its rich nutritional composition; however, the metabolic basis underlying seed coat color variation remains unclear. In this study, we performed a broad-targeted metabolomics analysis of six flaxseed varieties (three brown and three yellow) grown at two distinct geographical locations. A total of 1456 metabolites were identified, among which flavonoids and phenolic acids were the most abundant differentially accumulated compounds. Eight metabolites consistently exhibited the largest differences across all comparison groups, and thus warrant further investigation as candidate markers in genetically controlled populations. Correlation analysis further indicated that these metabolites are associated with seed coat pigmentation and other developmental processes. Pathway enrichment revealed that the biosynthesis of caffeic acid derivatives, ferulic acid derivatives, and flavones/flavonols was differentially regulated between yellow and brown seeds. Collectively, our findings provide a comprehensive metabolomic landscape of colored flaxseeds and provide a foundation for future studies aimed at breeding flaxseed varieties with targeted color and nutritional traits.
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TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
·
2026
·
IF 7.6
Luyuan Xia,Zhongfan Luo,Hui Hong,Yuxin Wang,Xin Feng,Jiahua Zhu,Liwen Mu
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are emerging as promising sustainable lubricants. However, most reported DESs, particularly those based on choline chloride, exhibit limited biodegradability due to the presence of halide ions. Herein, halogen-free, fully biomass-derived DESs were synthesized from L -proline and glycolic acid. Among various molar ratios, Pro 1 -GA 2 exhibits moderate viscosity, excellent thermal stability, and the strongest hydrogen bonding interactions. Consequently, under a high contact pressure of 0.43 GPa and entrainment velocity of 250 mm·s −1 , it achieves stable macroscopic superlubricity ( μ = 0.0037) on K9 glass/GCr15 tribopairs, corresponding to an 81.86% reduction in friction compared with PAO 10. The lubrication films were monitored and measured, revealing that an optimal film thickness ratio leads to the superior tribological performance. Combined with worn surface analysis, the performance is attributed to the synergistic effect of opportune fluid lubrication films and interfacial tribofilms. This work demonstrates excellent friction-reduction performance in a fully biomass-derived DES, providing new insights for the development of next-generation green lubricants.
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POLYMER
·
2026
·
IF 5.1
Dong Chen,Yu Zhou,Meiyin Wang,Mei Wu,Junjie Tan,Hongxiang Chen,Hongye Yan
To improve the inherent brittleness of poly( l -lactide) (PLLA) and obtain a kind of UV-curable bio-based PLLA with excellent adhesion and ductility, castor oil (CO) was used to modify PLLA by a novel and simple pathway. After a series of castor oil-poly( l -lactide) oligomers (COPLLA) were prepared via the ring-opening polymerization of l -lactide (LLA) with CO as the initiator, a kind of bio-based castor oil-modified PLLA with chemical cross-linked network and PLLA branched chain (CCPLLA) was obtained through UV-initiated thiol-ene reaction between COPLLA and pentaerythritol tetra(mercaptoacetate) (PETMA) as the crosslinker. CCPLLA was respectively measured by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and extraction, showing the good UV-curing effect. With increasing the molecular weight of PLLA branched chain, the glass transition temperature of CCPLLA rose, meanwhile CCPLLA gradually transformed from an amorphous state to having crystalline behavior, which determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized optical microscopy (POM). The mechanical and adhesive properties of CCPLLA first increased significantly and then slightly decreased with increasing the length of PLLA branched chain. Among them, CCPLLA-18 exhibited the best comprehensive performance such as tensile strength, ductility, adhesive property, water resistance, thermal stability and optical transmittance. Therefore, the UV-curable bio-based castor oil-modified PLLA has application potential in the field of adhesive, particularly for bonding of heat-sensitive substrates and those requiring high transparency.
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APPLIED CLAY SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 5.2
Yi Wei,Lu Chen,Yichun Wang,Yanqi Xu,Linjiang Wang,Wenbin Yu,Cunjun Li
The low bioavailability of nutraceuticals, due to chemical instability and non-targeted release, remains a major delivery challenge. To address this, biodegradable core-shell hydrogel microspheres with controllable diameters ranging from 800 to 2850 μm were fabricated via an extrusion method for the co-delivery of hydrophilic and hydrophobic nutraceuticals. These microspheres employ Fe 2 O 3 -loaded montmorillonite (Fe Mt) as the reinforcing scaffold, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as the core, and chitosan (CS) as the shell. They were co-loaded with hydrophilic l -glutamine (L-Gln) and hydrophobic curcumin (Cur) as model nutraceuticals. The incorporation of Fe Mt overcomes the low encapsulation efficiency and mechanical weakness of polymer microspheres. Meanwhile, at Fe Mt contents of 6.00 wt% (for L-Gln) and 5.00 wt% (for Cur) relative to the CMC weight, the encapsulation efficiencies reach up to 75.42% and 63.16%, respectively. The CS shell thickness increases from 10.83 to 16.05 μm as the CS concentration rises from 10.0 to 25.0 g/L. This thickness governs the release kinetics and pH-responsive behavior, wherein the microspheres contract in acidic environments and swell under neutral/alkaline conditions to facilitate targeted delivery in the gastrointestinal tract. In simulated digestion, cumulative release of nutraceuticals from the microspheres was 93.02% for L-Gln and 88.37% for Cur within 12 h. Additionally, the microspheres exhibited good storage stability (ca. 1.03% loss after 45 days). This work presents a highly promising and versatile platform for the co-delivery of hydrophilic and hydrophobic nutraceuticals with controlled release profiles.
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Biology-Basel
·
2026
·Vol. 15
·期 14
·1124
·
IF 4.3
Zhe Wang,Zhenguo Liu,Ge Zhang,Hongfang Wang,Xuepeng Chi,Ying Wang,Baohua Xu
Simple SummaryHoneybees are essential for crop pollination and ecological balance, yet their health is increasingly compromised by environmental stressors such as heavy metals and pesticides. These stressors induce oxidative stress, a cellular imbalance that damages tissues and impairs bee survival. This study investigated whether leucine, a common amino acid in pollen, can enhance the natural antioxidant defenses of honeybees. Our experiments showed that supplementing bees with leucine significantly increased their capacity to counteract oxidative stress, reduced cellular damage, and improved survival under stress conditions. Further analysis revealed that leucine acts by activatingsestrin, which serves as a key regulator of antioxidant responses. Notably, the protective effect of leucine did not primarily depend on the previously recognized TOR pathway. Whensestrinwas experimentally silenced, bees became highly susceptible to stress and developed gut damage, confirming its essential role. Importantly, leucine partially restored resilience even whensestrinwas absent, suggesting additional protective mechanisms. These findings demonstrated that dietary leucine supplementation offers a feasible nutritional strategy to strengthen honeybee health and stress resistance.Environmental stressors such as heavy metals and pesticides pose significant threats to honeybee health by inducing oxidative stress. Enhancing nutritional supply has emerged as a potential strategy for honeybees to enhance stress resistance. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study investigated the role of leucine (Leu) in regulating antioxidant responses in honeybees (Apis melliferaL.), with a focus on the involvement ofsestrinand the Target of Rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway. The results showed that Leu supplementation activated the TOR signaling pathway and upregulatedsestrinexpression, leading to enhanced antioxidant capacity and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Silencingsestrindisrupted antioxidant homeostasis, increased stress susceptibility, and caused midgut damage, confirming its essential role in oxidative stress resistance. Notably, inhibition of TOR did not prohibit the protective effects of Leu, suggesting thatsestrin, rather than TOR, serves as a key mediator. Furthermore, Leu fine-tuned antioxidant responses under different stress conditions throughsestrin. Overall, this study demonstrates that Leu andsestrinplay a central role in maintaining antioxidant homeostasis and provide a theoretical basis for nutritional strategies to improve honeybee health and stress resilience.
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MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE
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2026
·
IF 2.2
Wang Yun,Zhang Qiang-qiang,Liu Zi-yin,Xie Zhuang-dong
The synthesis of 2-aryl-2,3-dihydroquinolin-4(1 H )-ones from aromatic aldehydes and and 1-(2-aminophenyl)ethanone catalyzed by l -proline in ionic liquids was achieved for the first time. High yields up to 88.7% were achieved. Mild reaction conditions, enhanced rates, improved yields, and reagents’ reactivity, which is different from that in standard organic solvents, are the remarkable features observed in ionic liquids. In addition, the reaction mechanism was studied using computational methods, and the results were consistent with experimental findings. Graphical abstract
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Natural Product Communications
·
2026
·
IF 1.5
Wen Zhang,Yunuo Ren,Xiaoxi Liu,Xingmiao Liu,Weiwei Tang,Yingjie Ju,Wei Yu,Zhimou Guo,Huanhuan Qiao,Xiaoli Yu,Suxia Ren,Tianxiang Li,Yuqing Dong,Zengyi Huang,Youxin Li,Zhiguang Yuchi,Dong Li,Yiwen Wang
Background/ObjectivesLycium barbarum L. (Gouqi, GQ) is a prominent component of traditional Chinese medicine with well-established medicine-food homology properties. Owing to its high nutritional profile, GQ is widely recognized for its diverse pharmacological benefits, including protective effects on the kidney. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-urolithiatic activity of GQ aqueous extract and to elucidate its underlying therapeutic mechanisms in the context of calcium oxalate (CaOx) nephrolithiasis (Kidney stone).MethodsThe anti-kidney stone activity of the GQ extract was assessed in a Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) model of CaOx kidney stones induced by dietary sodium oxalate (NaOx). Oxidative stress levels were quantified via dihydroethidium (DHE) staining. The expression profiles of key enzymes involved in endogenous oxalate synthesis—namely, agxt (the ortholog of human alanine-glyoxylate transaminase, AGT) and daao1/daao2 (encoding two D-amino acid oxidases, DAOs)—were analyzed using RT-qPCR technology. Excretory function was evaluated by counting fly fecal deposits. In vitro crystallization assays were performed to examine evolution of CaOx crystal morphology and explore the regulatory activity of the GQ extract during crystal formation.ResultsOur results demonstrated that the GQ extract effectively attenuated CaOx kidney stone formation through multiple interconnected mechanisms. Specifically, GQ extract mitigated NaOx-induced oxidative stress, improved urinary excretion, reduced endogenous oxalate biosynthesis, and directly altered the morphological dynamics of CaOx crystallization.ConclusionsThese findings substantiate the significant stone-preventive potential of GQ, whose therapeutic effects are mediated via a pleiotropic mode of action. Collectively, our data suggest that GQ may serve as a valuable dietary supplement or potential therapeutic agent for the prevention and management of CaOx kidney stones.
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LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 7.1
Binbin Li,Haizhi Tian,Ningning Shen,Longquan Xiao,Jing Li,Lin Zhou,Zhengnan Ren,Xinhui Wang
Synergistic co-fermentation enhanced antioxidant capacity of C. aurantium juice. • Co-fermentation increased β-glucosidase activity and flavonoid accumulation. • Probiotic co-fermentation reshaped aroma profiles and volatile composition. • Co-fermentation promoted volatile and non-volatile metabolic remodeling. • Co-fermentation enriched flavone and flavonol biosynthesis pathway. Citrus aurantium L. ( Citrus aurantium ) is rich in flavonoids and bioactive phytochemicals, but its industrial utilization is limited by suboptimal flavor quality and instability during processing. Herein, monoculture fermentation using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (a lactic acid bacterium) or Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (a lactic acid bacterium), together with their synergistic co-fermentation, was employed to investigate flavor and functional modifications in C. aurantium juice. Compared with monoculture fermentation, co-fermentation increased total flavonoid and phenolic contents by 23.7-50.4% and 43.6-65.0%, respectively, while β-glucosidase activity, ABTS and DPPH radical-scavenging activities increased by 10.9-27.3%, 12.6-24.4%, and 12.7-26.4%, respectively. Electronic-nose and headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses revealed that co-fermentation generated a distinct volatile profile characterized by enrichment of aroma-related compounds and altered representation of compounds associated with earthy and camphor-like notes. Untargeted metabolomics revealed extensive remodeling of phenolic, amino acid, and lipid metabolism. The relative abundance of limonin showed a marginal, non-significant decrease of 3.9%, while indoline and L-tyrosine increased by 3.9% and 3.8%, respectively ( p < 0.001). These changes were accompanied by significant enrichment of the flavone and flavonol biosynthesis pathway ( p = 0.0082). Correlation analysis further revealed strong associations between key differential metabolites and functional indicators. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that synergistic probiotic co-fermentation drives metabolic remodeling and flavonoid biotransformation in C. aurantium juice, providing a promising strategy for developing high-value functional citrus beverages. Future studies should further evaluate sensory acceptability, storage stability and industrial feasibility to facilitate commercial application.
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Catalysts
·
2026
·Vol. 16
·期 2
·129
·
IF 4
Jing Yan,Junbing Tao,Fengxu Xiao,Guiyang Shi,Youran Li
This study systematically characterized the L-cysteine biosynthetic pathway inBacillus licheniformisand demonstrated that exogenous serine supplementation significantly upregulated the expression of pathway-associated genes, confirming serine as the primary precursor driving L-cysteine synthesis. Through targeted gene deletions, we generated knockout strains BL2ΔglyA, BL2ΔsdaAA, BL2ΔmetC, BL2Δ2, and BL2Δ3 to minimize precursor diversion and product degradation. Combinatorial overexpression of the feedback-resistant mutantcysEfand the transportereamAyielded an engineered strain achieving 1.075 g/L L-cysteine in shake-flask fermentation with an 18.69% molar conversion yield. These findings highlight the potential ofB. licheniformisas a platform for sulfur metabolic engineering and provide a sustainable fermentation strategy to replace traditional high-pollution hydrolysis-based L-cysteine production. Additionally, this work reveals fundamental differences in sulfur metabolism networks between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, elucidating microbial metabolic diversity and the cross-regulatory mechanisms linking sulfur, carbon, and nitrogen metabolism.
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ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
·
2026
·
IF 7.2
Shuaihao Liu,Hongyi Xue,Guoguang Wang,Yana Wang,Jiameng Hou,Jingya Zhang,Haixia Wang,Yu Liu
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and tributyl phosphate (TnBP) are the typical organophosphate esters (OPEs), and detected in high concentrations and frequencies in environment. Nitrate, as an essential plant nutrient, can regulate the environmental behaviors and fates of pollutants within plants. However, the underlying mechanisms of mediation of nitrate on environmental behaviors of OPEs in plants remained unclear. This study integrated compound-specific stable isotope analysis, transcriptomics, and molecular docking simulations to systematically investigate the effects of nitrate on the uptake and translocation of TCEP and TnBP in wheat. Results showed that nitrate with low (LN, 40 mg/L NaNO 3 ) and high levels (HN, 100 mg/L NaNO 3 ) significantly inhibited the root uptake and translocation to shoots of TCEP and TnBP, with the higher inhibition effects for LN than HN. Compound-specific stable isotope analysis revealed that nitrate reduced TCEP uptake via aquaporins in wheat roots, specifically inhibiting the transmembrane transport of TCEP molecules with heavy carbon isotopes. Transcriptomic and molecular docking simulations consistently demonstrated that the nitrate-specific transporters of SLAH2 and NRT1 were involved in mediating the transmembrane transport of TCEP, and nitrate inhibited TCEP transport via the downregulation of gene expression of SLAH2 and NRT1 and competitive binding to active sites of these two transporters with TCEP. Overall, this study clarified that nitrate could effectively suppress the root uptake of TCEP and TnBP in wheat, providing a basis for developing application of nitrate to mitigate OPE contamination in crops.
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Nano-Micro Letters
·
2026
·Vol. 18
·期 1
·358
·
IF 38.5
Ding Han,Li Yibo,Wang Yu,Song Weikang,Wang Xuan,Han Xijiang,Xu Ping,Du Yunchen
This work employs a configurational-entropy control strategy to progressively enhance lattice distortion in multi-principal element alloys, thereby reconstructing their electronic structure and balancing electromagnetic parameters under high electromagnetic loss.
Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that entropy-induced lattice distortion further drives asymmetric electron cloud reconstruction, thus forming numerous dipolar polarization centers, which enhances low-frequency dielectric attenuation of high-entropy alloy (HEA).
HEA exhibits excellent low-frequency electromagnetic absorption, radar stealth, and corrosion resistance, while metamaterial structural design further broadens its absorption bandwidth.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
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2026
·
IF 5
Lihe Zhang,Yongjuan Li,Yuhang Bao,Jie Feng,Runyu Chen,Wenjing Zhang,Yixuan Zhu,Liwen Zhang,Yin Zhang,Feng Liang,Huimin Chen,Xinhua Luo,Guoqiang Tan,Wu Wang
D-Cycloserine (DCS) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat drug-resistant tuberculosis. It exerts its antimicrobial effects by inhibiting a variety of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes. Recent studies indicate that cycloserine targets cysteine desulfurases, which are essential for iron–sulfur (Fe–S) cluster biogenesis. However, the mechanistic details of its effect on Fe–S cluster assembly are unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that L-Cycloserine (LCS), but not its enantiomer DCS, inhibits the cysteine desulfurase activity of Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) IscS, resulting in impaired Fe–S cluster biosynthesis. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS) analysis showed that LCS converts the IscS-bound PLP cofactor into pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate (PMP). Importantly, LCS significantly inhibited the growth of the uropathogenic E. coli strain CFT073, and remained effective against experimentally-evolved DCS-resistant strains in synthetic human urine medium. Our work highlights Fe–S cluster biosynthesis as a novel antimicrobial target and proposes LCS as a promising alternative therapeutic agent to counteract DCS resistance.
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