International Journal of Astrobiology
·
2021
·Vol. 20
·期 2
·159-177
·
IF 1.673
Binod Prasad,Peter Richter,Nithya Vadakedath,Ferdinand W. M. Haag,Sebastian M. Strauch,Rocco Mancinelli,Achim Schwarzwälder,Emmanuel Etcheparre,Nicolas Gaume,Michael Lebert
The unique environment of space is characterized by several stress factors, including intense radiation, microgravity, high vacuum and extreme temperatures, among others. These stress conditions individually or in-combination influence genetics and gene regulation and bring potential evolutionary changes in organisms that would not occur under the Earth's gravity regime (1 × g). Thus, space can be explored to support the emergence of new varieties of microbes and plants, that when selected for, can exhibit increased growth and yield, improved resistance to pathogens, enhanced tolerance to drought, low nutrient and disease, produce new metabolites and others. These properties may be more difficult to achieve using other approaches under 1 × g. This review provides an overview of the space microgravity and ionizing radiation conditions that significantly influence organisms. Changes in the genomics, physiology, phenotype, growth and metabolites of organisms in real and simulated microgravity and radiation conditions are illustrated. Results of space biological experiments show that the space environment has significant scientific, technological and commercial potential. Combined these potentials can help address the future of life on Earth, part of goal e of astrobiology.
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RSC Advances
·
2021
·Vol. 11
·期 34
·20760-20768
·
IF 3.361
Yue Hu,Salah Ahmed Sarhan Al-Shujaa,Bin Zhen,Yaping Zhang,Xianggao Li,Yaqing Feng
Electrophoretic display (EPD) is a type of flexible display which has attracted wide attention. In this work, blue nanosized crystals of cobalt aluminum oxide (CoAl2O4) were precipitated on silica nanoparticles, and then the nanocomposites were coated with an ionic liquid polymer (PIL) to give blue electrophoretic particles. The blue nanocomposites (SCAs) formed possess an excellent spherical structure, and the average diameter is about 188 nm. The porous silica matrix presents a relative light density, and the blue CoAl2O4 pigment offers excellent color. The outside ionic liquid polymer supplies the PIL/SCAs with a light density of 1.7915 g cm−3, excellent hydrophobicity and dispersion stability in the electrophoretic liquid. The fabricated single-particle EPD prototypes show a response time of 165 ms in the EPD cell with a 0.2 mm thickness, which is much faster than the commercial EPDs, and this is probably because of the unique composite structure.
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Catalysis Science & Technology
·
2024
·Vol. 14
·期 10
·2848-2857
·
IF 4.4
Xingshun Zhao,Yunshuai Mi,Tingwei Cai,Wanming Chen,Xia Dong,Jinxin He,Qiangqiang Zhao
Phloxine B (PHB) exhibited high catalytic efficiency in cross-dehydrogenation coupling (CDC) reactions. However, conventional homogeneous catalytic systems involving organic dyes faced challenges regarding catalyst separation and recovery. In this study, we successfully synthesized a nanofiber-based photocatalyst comprising polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), poly(dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) and phloxine B (PHB). The OHCP nanofiber photocatalyst demonstrated exceptional catalytic performance in CDC reactions upon visible light irradiation. The conversion ratio of N-phenyl-tetrahydroisoquinoline (N-phenyl-THIQ) reached 94% following continuous irradiation with visible light (1 W) for 3 hours. Concurrently, the conversion ratios of N-phenyl-THIQ derivatives ranged from 70% to 96%. Additionally, reusability test indicated that the OHCP nanofiber photocatalyst maintained relative stability after six cycles of the catalytic CDC reaction. The fluorescence intensity of the nanofibers diminished by merely 50% following 12 hours of the catalytic CDC reaction. This suggested that the photocatalyst possessed potential for long-term reuse with minimal reduction in catalytic performance.
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MEASUREMENT SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY
·
2013
·Vol. 24
·期 8
·085010
·
IF 1.435
Shi Qun Hua,Ying Luo
Luminescent photoelastic coating (LPC) methods are used to measure the full-field shear strain and its principal direction. These methods apply a liquid LPC onto the surfaces of the structures to be measured. To correct the effects of coating thickness non-uniformity on the quantitative shear strain measurements, a non-contact method is proposed for coating thickness measurements. The proposed method establishes a linear calibration curve between the thickness and the luminescent signal intensity of the test coating. The results show that the linear calibration curve of the intensity and the thickness of the LPC can be obtained by incorporating an appropriate concentration of the luminescent dye into the photoelastic coating. The correlation coefficient of this linear calibration curve is more than 0.999.
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Polymers
·
2019
·Vol. 11
·期 4
·627
·
IF 3.164
Chuanmei Liu,Jie Liu,Xin Ning,Shaojuan Chen,Zhengqin Liu,Shouxiang Jiang,Dagang Miao
A practical method for preparing multifunctional polypropylene (PP) nonwoven fabrics with excellent stability and durability was explored. First, the PP nonwoven fabric was sputtered by a magnetron sputtering system to form an Ag film on the surface of the fabric. Subsequently, the coated fabric was treated with dopamine. The fabrics were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), electrical conductivity, electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE), antibacterial activity, stability, and laundering durability. The results of the study revealed that the fabric was coated with Ag, and after the treatment with dopamine, the surfaces of Ag-coated fibers were coated with polydopamine (PDA). The fabrics still had a sheet resistance below ~15 Ω/sq and exhibited excellent EMI SE above ~25 dB, though few differences existed from the single Ag-coated sample. After the treatment with dopamine, the antibacterial activity of the fabric was enhanced. Meanwhile, the treated samples exhibited excellent resistance against sodium sulfide corrosion, which could enhance the stability of the Ag-coated fabric. Moreover, the laundering durability of the treated fabric was improved in the same process, whose lowest sheet resistance was ~18 Ω/sq and the EMI SE was ~8 dB more than single Ag-coated PP nonwoven fabrics. In conclusion, this method was considered to be effective in fabricating multifunctional, stable, and durable fabrics.
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PHYTOPATHOLOGY
·
2014
·Vol. 104
·期 10
·
IF 2.746
Amara R. Dunn,Stephen R. Bruening,Niklaus J. Grünwald,Christine D. Smart
Populations of the vegetable pathogen Phytophthora capsici are often highly diverse, with limited gene flow between fields. To investigate the structure of a newly established, experimental population, an uninfested research field was inoculated with two single-zoospore isolates of P. capsici in September 2008. From 2009 through 2012, ≈50 isolates of P. capsici were collected from the field each year and genotyped using five microsatellite loci. The same two isolates were also crossed in the lab. High levels of diversity were detected in the research field, with 26 to 37 unique multilocus genotypes detected each year. Through 2012, genotypic diversity did not decline and no evidence of genetic drift was observed. However, during the 2011 and 2012 growing seasons, four new alleles not present in either parental isolate were observed in the field. Selfing (but not apomixis) was observed at low frequency among in vitro progeny. In addition, evidence for loss of heterozygosity was observed in half of the in vitro progeny. These results suggest that recombination, mutation, and loss of heterozygosity can affect the genetic structure observed in P. capsici populations.
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PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY
·
2012
·
IF 2.627
Chao-Jun Pei,Jinhyuk Lee,Yue-Xiu Si,Sangho Oh,Wei-An Xu,Shang-Jun Yin,Guo-Ying Qian,Hong-Yan Han
We studied the inhibitory effect of gastrodin on tyrosinase using inhibition kinetics and computational simulation. Gastrodin reversibly inhibited tyrosinase in a mixed-type manner with K i = 123.8 ± 20.2 mM. Time-interval kinetics revealed the inhibition to be a first-order process with mono- and bi-phasic components. Using AutoDock Vina, we calculated a binding energy of −6.3 kcal/mol for gastrodin and tyrosinase, and we performed a molecular dynamics simulation of the tyrosinase–gastrodin interaction. The simulation results suggested that gastrodin interacts primarily with histidine residues in the active site. A 10-ns molecular dynamics simulation showed that one copper ion in the tyrosinase active site was responsible for the interaction with gastrodin. Our study provides insight into the inhibition of tyrosinase by the hydroxyl groups of gastrodin. A combination of inhibition kinetics and computational calculations may help to confirm the inhibitory action of gastrodin on tyrosinase and define the mechanisms of inhibition.
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Chemical Science
·
2023
·Vol. 15
·期 3
·896-905
·
IF 8.4
Xiaodong Wang,Huijuan Zhang,Chuanzhen Feng,Yu Wang
Efficient carrier separation is important for improving photoelectrochemical water splitting. Here, the morphology modification and band structure engineering of Ta3N5 are accomplished by doping it with Cu and Zr using a two-step method for the first time. The initially interstitially-doped Cu atoms act as anchors to interact with subsequently doped Zr atoms under the influence of differences in electronegativity. This interaction results in Cu,Zrg–Ta3N5 having a dense morphology and higher crystallinity, which helps to reduce carrier recombination at grain boundaries. Furthermore, the gradient doping of Zr generates a band edge energy gradient, which significantly enhances bulk charge separation efficiency. Therefore, a photoanode based on Cu,Zrg–Ta3N5 delivers an onset potential of 0.38 VRHE and a photocurrent density of 8.9 mA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE. Among all the Ta3N5-based photoanodes deposited on FTO, a Cu,Zrg–Ta3N5-based photoanode has the lowest onset potential and highest photocurrent. The novel material morphology regulation and band edge position engineering strategies described herein provide new ideas for the preparation of other semiconductor nanoparticles to improve the photoelectrochemical water splitting performance.
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Cell Reports Physical Science
·
2024
·
IF 7.9
Desong Fan,Jun Fang,Wenyi Tong,Wenqing Du,Qiang Li
Ultrathin heat pipes (UHPs) have attracted tremendous attention in recent years. However, fabricating UHPs with high heat-transfer efficiency and low thermal expansion remains a challenge. Here, we report a design of an inverse opal complex wick for UHPs. The design enables the wick to have abundant random micropores for the transportation of vapor and ordered nanopores for the return of condensate. With the assistance of a Cu/MoCu/Cu shell, the UHP with a thickness of 0.985 mm can maintain a low coefficient of thermal expansion (7.3E−6 /K) and allow a gallium nitride (GaN) chip to work at a heat flux of 208 W/cm 2 . When the liquid filling ratio reaches 54%, a lower thermal resistance of 0.8 K/W and a higher thermal conductivity of 11,076 W/(m⋅K) are realized. This study demonstrates the successful fabrication of high-performance UHPs, promoting the development of inverse opal wicks from materials to devices.
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International Journal of Electrochemical Science
·
2023
·
IF 1.5
Xiaofeng Xie,Lanshan Liu,Shusheng Chen,Yuanquan Zhou,Xiaohong Hu
Proton electrolyte membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is a promising hydrogen generation method limited by the high cost, such as those costs associated with noble electrocatalysts. Herein, we investigate commercial tungsten carbide (WC), a potential substitute for Pt, as a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalyst in PEMWE. We adopted two sizes of WC, 400 nm and 1 μm, optimized the electrode fabrication method and running conditions. The results show that the smaller WC does not provide stable performance and operating at high current density and low temperature is more competitive with Pt-based electrolysis. In addition, the most serious drawback is the increased cell voltage on restart after long-term power-off due to considerable WC oxidation, which leads to a decrease in the catalytic carbide carbon. Luckily, this can be offset by effective O 2 isolation in the cathode, such as H 2 O sealing or pumping with H 2 . WC is an economic alternative as a HER electrocatalyst in PEMWE with optimized conditions and an O 2 isolation strategy during an interrupted operation. We provide a practical method to reduce the cost of the HER electrocatalyst.
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ACS Omega
·
2020
·
IF 2.87
Fengqing Xiong,Danni Chen,Chenglong Ma,Limei Cao,Ji Yang
Electrochemical oxidation has been considered as an efficient method to degrade pharmaceuticals and personal care products. Maintaining low power consumption while increasing the number of oxidation intermediates is deserving of exploring. Herein, Ti/SnO2–Sb/Zr0.3Ir0.7O2 was prepared by Zr doped into IrO2 and used for Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation. The addition of Zr significantly increased the electrochemically active area and facilitated the catalyst to degrade SMX dramatically at a lower overpotential. The extremely outstanding lifetime of catalysts can reach 800 h during the accelerated life test, which showed excellent stability and developmental prospects. The overpotential at 10 mA·cm–2 is about 329 mV, indicating that this electrode has a high oxygen evolution reaction activity. Furthermore, the electrical efficiency per log order for the electrode is only 8.50 kW h m–3 at 4 V. Our research provides new anode electrochemical catalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants.
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ACS Applied Optical Materials
·
2022
·
IF 0
Yixuan Guo,Damien Boyer,François Reveret,Federico Cisnetti,Geneviève Chadeyron,Fabrice Leroux,Yongjun Feng
Subject to the aggregation-caused quenching mechanism in the solid state, perylene and its derivatives turn out to be fascinating organic fluorophores when separated from each other by their cointercalation within a layered double hydroxide host structure. Such accommodation with surfactant spacers limits their stacking usually caused by π–π interaction between neighboring cores. For each series of fluorophores having substitution in bay or diimide positions, an optimized composition is selected based on optical performances and in particular on the absolute photoluminescence quantum yield. The optimal relative quantity of phosphor is very low from 0.001 to 0.1% of the total anionic capacity. When dispersed into a silicone matrix, the loaded films cover from green (510 nm) to red (625 nm) emission depending on the perylene derivative molecules. With loaded films overlaid on a blue chip, a warm white light (color-correlated temperature = 3890 K) with a color-rendering index as high as 91.1 is reached. In such a light-emitting diode configuration, the superposition of films for each fluorophore is preferred to the powder mixture or to the cointercalation of organic phosphors within the same structure in order to avoid too strong and nonpredictable reabsorption phenomena between emitting centers.
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