Nanoscale
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2025
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IF 5.1
Xiangmei Wang,Huimin Zhang,Hubing Li,Zhiling Qiu,Xin Xiao
In light of the escalating severity of water pollution, the development of innovative and efficient photocatalytic materials has emerged as an urgent requirement. In this study, P-doped ultrathin g-C3N4 was successfully synthesized using the chemical vapor deposition technique, specifically to enhance the photocatalytic degradation of the antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) and the dye rhodamine B (RhB). The purpose of P doping was to modify the electronic structure of g-C3N4 and increase its photocatalytic efficiency. The microstructure, chemical state, and light absorption properties of the material were extensively analyzed using advanced characterization techniques such as high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS). The study revealed that P doping not only enhanced the structural stability of the nanosheets but also effectively broadened the material's light-responsive range by creating new band structures. Photocatalytic tests showed that under visible light irradiation, P-doped ultrathin g-C3N4 demonstrated outstanding degradation efficiency against TC and RhB. Specifically, the doped catalyst reduced the concentrations of TC and RhB by more than 90% within 60 minutes, markedly surpassing the performance of undoped graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets. Moreover, the phosphorus-doped materials retained high catalytic activity and stability after repeated usage cycles. From a theoretical perspective, this research applied density functional theory (DFT) based on first principles to deeply investigate the electronic properties of P-doped ultrathin g-C3N4. The calculations disclosed that phosphorus doping led to modifications in the band structure, particularly an increase in localized states at the valence band top, which is vital for facilitating the effective separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. Additionally, the doping significantly altered the charge distribution on the material's surface, enhancing the catalyst's capacity to adsorb and activate molecules of TC and RhB. Overall, this research not only provided an efficient photocatalytic material for addressing persistent pollutants in aquatic environments but also explored the fundamental mechanisms by which P doping improves the photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4, thereby offering theoretical and experimental bases for the design of novel photocatalysts.
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ACS Applied Nano Materials
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2025
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IF 5.5
Muhammad Bilal,Zia Ur Rehman,Faheem K. Butt,Yu Cao,Kewang Zheng,Jawad Ahmad Jrar,Zhaoyong Zhang,Jianhua Hou
The development of photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensors for biosensing has become challenging due to the significant involvement of the recombination of electron–hole pairs, which affects the sensor’s sensitivity. Moreover, conventional PEC systems also suffer due to drawbacks in the photoactivated materials; generally, they have limited active sites, significant band gaps, limited light absorption, and fast charge recombination, resulting in a weak photocurrent response. In this work, a nanocomposite of 2D graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and zinc vanadates (ZnVO) has been synthesized, which has a unique hierarchical nanoflower structure, where the nanopetals are the primary building blocks of the composite. The thin nanopetals provide large active sites for the adsorption of biomolecules on the nanocomposites, and their thin shape provides a short charge diffusion length. The experimental analysis reveals that the nanocomposite has more mesopores, which have a better charge transportation ability. Moreover, the band gap of the composite was calculated as 2.48 eV, and its light absorption ability at 481.45 eV makes it a promising candidate for PEC sensors. The PEC sensing of dopamine was conducted under light irradiation, and the photocurrent was recorded as continuously increasing. In contrast, the dopamine concentration increased, and the linear working range was 10–100 μM, with a small detection limit of 18.5 nM. The selectivity of the PEC sensor toward targeted dopamine was excellent in the presence of other species, and its reproducibility for 30 days showed satisfactory results. This research could provide valuable insights into developing a highly sensitive and selective PEC platform for biomolecule detection.
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CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN
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2025
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IF 3.4
Aerzigu Xukeer,Jin Li
The ternary nanocomposite ZnO/MnO2/g-C3N4 was synthesized for room-temperature ammonia gas detection. Incorporation of g-C3N4 into the ZnO/MnO2 heterostructure significantly improved the composite’s sensing sensitivity at ambient conditions. g-C3N4 facilitated electron migration across the heterojunction interface, boosting conductivity, and provided abundant adsorption sites for ammonia molecules due to its layered structure. The ZnO/MnO2/g-C3N4 composite material exhibits outstanding ammonia sensing performance, with its detection sensitivity being 2.4 times that of the ZnO/MnO2 system. Notably, this material demonstrates rapid response and recovery characteristics, with recorded times of 7.3 and 1.6 s, respectively, thereby optimizing its functional performance and expanding its range of operational applications. The study found that the optimal doping ratio of ZnO/MnO2/g-C3N4 can effectively enhance the material’s specific surface area and electron mobility, thus improving its ammonia adsorption capacity and optimizing the sensor’s response and recovery characteristics. The synthesis employed a sequential two-step strategy: initial formation of a ZnO/MnO2 heterostructure followed by g-C3N4 integration. This approach effectively mitigated limitations of pure ZnO, including sluggish desorption kinetics and low response magnitude. Density functional theory (DFT) computations were employed to elucidate the atomic-level sensing mechanism, revealing significant charge redistribution at the ZnO/MnO2/g-C3N4 heterojunction interfaces upon ammonia adsorption.
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DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS
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2025
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IF 5.1
Xinyuan Li,Yuehui Liu,Jiaxin Li,Xia Li
The g-C 3 N 4 /BiOI composite photocatalysts were synthesized by a mechanically mixing method using BiOI with carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) as raw materials at room temperature. The crystal phase and micro-morphology of as prepared samples were characterized by XRD, TEM, XPS, UV–Vis, PL techniques, and so on. The efficiency of the prepared photocatalysts were evaluated by RhB degradation under visible light irradiation. Photocatalytic tests revealed that the g-C 3 N 4 -20 %/BiOI composite has the highest photocatalytic activity with a 97 % RhB degradation for 2.5 h. This attributed to efficient charge separation at the heterojunction interface: photogenerated electrons from BiOI's conduction band recombined with holes from g-C 3 N 4 's valence band as well as the remaining holes (BiOI) and electrons (g-C 3 N 4 ) drove redox reactions. These results provide a foundation for further exploration of bismuth iodide-based composites in wastewater treatment.
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JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES
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2025
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IF 1.8
Chenxi Zhang,Jingyi Wang,Sile Liu,Yue Han,Jinyu Wang,Hailong Wang
The widespread use of antibiotics has led to significant water pollution. Photocatalysis can effectively degrade antibiotics, but the performance is greatly limited by the photogenerated carrier recombination in the photocatalytic material g-C3N5. Constructing heterojunctions can enhance interfacial charge transfer, leading to more stable and efficient photocatalysis. This study synthesized a Fe2O3/g-C3N5 heterojunction using the solvothermal method. The Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism facilitated efficient separation of photogenerated carriers, preserving photoelectrons and holes with high redox activity. This process generated a substantial amount of highly reactive free radicals such as ·O2− and ·OH, enabling the efficient degradation of tetracycline (TC). Under the optimal conditions of initial concentration of TC was 200 mg/L, the quality ratio of Fe2O3 and g-C3N5 was 1:2, the catalyst dosage was 50 mg and pH = 7.0, the TC degradation rate reached 92.46% within 60 min of visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic activity’s enhancement was attributed to broad spectral absorption and effective photogenerated carrier separation. Furthermore, the photocatalytic performance can be affected by the presence of inorganic salt ions such as HCO3− and CO32−.
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SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
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2024
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IF 8.2
Yadong Yu,Shanshan Wang,Shaopeng Lv,Laiyou Wang,Shuxian Guo
The utilization of solar energy and fast-growing heterotrophic microbes for biofuel production has been recognized as a promising approach to achieve carbon neutrality and address energy crisis. In this work, we synthesized different kinds of photocatalysts based on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ). We found that carbon dots modified-graphitic carbon nitride (CDs-g-C 3 N 4 ) showed the highest photocatalytic activity. Subsequently, we developed a photocatalyst-microbe hybrid (PMH) system by combining CDs-g-C 3 N 4 with an oleaginous yeast strain, Cutaneotrichosporon dermatis ZZ-46. Under visible light irradiation, the lipid yield of this PMH system reached 1.70 g/L at 120 h, representing a 36 % increase compared to the control. The photocatalytic reaction-induced ROS and the reductive photogenerated electrons facilitated ZZ-46 cells to synthesize more lipids. Furthermore, the fermentation residual of this PMH system was reutilized to prepare biochar via pyrolysis. The biochar generated at 550 °C (BC-550) demonstrated exceptional adsorption capabilities, particularly with a 57 % adsorption rate for methylene blue (MB), and maintained its perfect adsorption efficacy even after five regeneration cycles. These results offer promising avenues for addressing energy shortages and environmental contamination.
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TALANTA
·
2025
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IF 6.1
Wenchao Ran,Chi Xu,Xiaomei Pan,Xiaojun Huang,Chong Wang,Xianggui Chen,Jie Tang,Imran Mahmood Khan,Yukun Huang
Ofloxacin, a synthetic antimicrobial drug, exhibits significant therapeutic potential in combating various bacterial infections. The exploration of ofloxacin's antimicrobial properties and the unique catalytic activity of G-triplex(G3) DNAzymes demonstrate the continuous efforts to develop cutting-edge biosensors for bacterial detection. G3 outperforms G4 due to a short, easily generated and dissociated sequence, which allows G3 multimeric sequences to fold more accurately than G4 ones of equivalent length, resulting in higher activity for the formed G3/hemin. This study constructed a novel colorimetric DNAzyme biosensor based on G3/hemin for ofloxacin in food. Aptamer-functionalized Fe 3 O 4 magnetic nanoparticles acted as magnetic separation and detection probes, while G3/hemin served as DNAzyme. Under the optimum condition, the presence of ofloxacin initiated the catalytic oxidation to yield a colored product to quantify the ofloxacin concentration with the linear range of 50–300 nmol/L. Under the optimized conditions, a limit of detection of 15.25 nmol/L was obtained by directly detecting the fluorescent signals, which shows obvious superiority over the previously reported methods. This method offers the advantages of simplicity, rapid detection, and high recovery rates in standardization experiments involving actual samples such as beef jerky and ham sausage, paving the way for its widespread implementation in the fields of biomedical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food safety.
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ACS Applied Electronic Materials
·
2025
·
IF 4.7
Xiaogang Li,Chuanguo Tang,Yanfei Liao,Fengping Li,Yunfeng Nie,Sanzhao Song,Guanjun Bao
Flexible pressure sensors play an essential role in wearable electronics, human–machine interfaces, and physiological monitoring systems. Achieving both high sensitivity and a wide dynamic range remains a major challenge. Here we report a piezoresistive flexible pressure sensor based on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) that addresses this longstanding trade-off through multiscale dimensional engineering of silver (Ag)-based sensing materials. Three Ag-based materials with distinct dimensional characteristics, Ag single atoms, Ag single atom cluster hybrids, and Ag nanoparticles, were synthesized and their piezoresistive behaviors were evaluated across different pressure regimes. The sensor exhibits an ultrafast response and recovery time of 0.5/0.4 s and high reproducibility. Sensing performance shows pronounced size-dependent behavior with nanoparticles providing a robust response at high pressures (>4.5 kPa), single atom cluster hybrids showing optimal sensitivity in the intermediate range (3–4.5 kPa), and single atom sites exhibiting comparable behavior to single atom cluster hybrids at low pressures (<3 kPa). Integration into a robotic hand demonstrates the sensor’s practical applicability, enabling precise tactile control under low pressure (0.85 kPa). This work establishes a generalizable strategy for decoupling sensitivity and dynamic range by engineering Ag from atomic to nanoscopic scales, offering broad applicability in wearable electronic and robotic tactile systems.
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Industrial Chemistry & Materials
·
2025
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IF 11.9
Xuehua Zhang,Chunlei Su,Rui Shi,Mingming Li,Lili Fu,Rongji Liu,Yong Chen,Bin Li,Guangjin Zhang
To enhance the charge separation efficiency of g-C3N4 and facilitate electron transfer between photosensitizer and molecular catalyst, polarization and coordination strategies are taken by grafting pyridine rings onto the edge of g-C3N4 framework. Herein, electron-withdrawing pyridine edge-functionalized g-C3N4 (g-C3N4-Px) was synthesized via a facile one-step thermal polymerization of urea and 4-aminopyridine, and employed as visible-light photosensitizer hybridized with cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) for efficient photoreduction of CO2. Both experimental and theoretical results confirm that electron-withdrawing pyridine grafting facilitates in-plane charge separation and directs electron migration toward the edge of g-C3N4, narrows its band gap for enhanced visible-light absorption, and provides dynamic coordination sites that significantly boost interfacial electron transfer from g-C3N4-Px to CoPc. A significant enhancement in CO yield was achieved with the optimized CoPc/g-C3N4-P1.5 hybrid, reaching 14.95 mmol g⁻¹ after 6 hours of visible-light irradiation—a 6.1-fold improvement over the unmodified CoPc/g-C3N4 (2.47 mmol g-1). This work paves a facile approach for developing highly efficient hybrid photocatalysts for CO2 reduction and improving the charge separation and visible light absorption in organic semiconductors.
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CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
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2025
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IF 8
Jun Zhang,Naisheng Guo,Shichao Cui,Jiayu Liang,Hang Su,Hongbin Zhu,Yiqiu Tan
Styrene–maleic anhydride copolymer-grafted thermoplastic polyurethane (SMC-g-TPU) modified binders with various dosages were prepared through an in-situ grafting synthesis approach. The high- and low-temperature performances of the modified asphalts were systematically evaluated using conventional tests, dynamic shear rheometry (DSR), and bending beam rheometry (BBR). In addition, the modification mechanism of SMC-g-TPU was elucidated through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), fluorescence microscopy (FM), and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). The results demonstrated that the rigid SMC segments effectively enhanced the thermal stability of the modified asphalt while maintaining the low-temperature toughness imparted by TPU. The incorporation of SMC enhanced the polarity of TPU, thereby improving its compatibility with asphalt and strengthening its self-healing capability. Meanwhile, the resulting grafted structure reduced the high-temperature aging sensitivity of the modified asphalt, although slight increases were observed in its low-temperature aging sensitivity and in the fatigue factor after long-term aging. Notably, when the SMC-g-TPU dosage reached 5 wt%, uniformly dispersed microaggregates formed within the asphalt matrix, providing a microstructural basis for the enhanced functional performance of the modified binder.
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ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
·
2025
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IF 6
Lu Lin,Mengmeng Lv,Jiangtao Ren,Jin Wang,Erkang Wang
Background G-quadruplex DNAzymes, known for their peroxidase-like activity and ease of rational design, have emerged as promising tools in biosensing applications. Despite the fundamental importance of structural topology, investigations into how the split mode of intramolecular split G-quadruplex (IntrSG)-based DNAzymes modulates their catalytic properties, as well as their implications for the development of DNAzyme-based probes, remain scarce. In this work, eleven IntrSG strands of different split modes were engineered with a classical parallel G-quadruplex sequence ( PW17 ). The catalytic activity of IntrSG-hemin mixtures was systematically investigated via various techniques. Results Most IntrSG strands incubated with hemin exhibited apparent catalytic activity, which was influenced by split modes and hybridization of inserted spacer. Interestingly, the mixture of hemin and IntrSG of split mode 5:7 (IntrSG(5:7)) exhibited drastic catalytic activity response after hybridization between its spacer and target, and the underlying mechanism was disclosed, which was hybridization-facilitated G-quadruplex assembling and catalytic enhancement. The IntrSG(5:7)-hemin system can be utilized as an effective “signal-on” signal transducer, owing to its simpleness and universality. Subsequently, influence of sequence context changes on the catalytic response was explored by extending and truncating the target sequence. Ignorable effect of protruding DNA was validated, and robust hybridization was critical for catalytic responses, which were unrelated to hybridization location. Finally, an IntrSG(5:7)-based catalytic probe was employed for quantitative analysis of miRNA ( Let-7a ), and favorable performance was achieved. Significance Taken together, a mechanistic framework for topological control of G-quadruplex DNAzyme catalysis was established, highlighting the potential of IntrSG as a versatile platform for biosensing and molecular diagnostics.
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TALANTA
·
2025
·
IF 6.1
Lifang Gao,Yuheng Wang,Jixuan Zhang,Haoran Wang,Yue Zhang
Herein, a zwitterionic hybridization approach is engineered to develop a functional hybrid framework (MPC) for the efficient separation of immunoglobulin G (IgG). The in-situ polymerization of octa-carboxyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OCPOSS)-chitosan polymer on Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene effectually enables the formation of local zwitterionic hydrophilic microregions in MPC, and meanwhile actuates its affinity ability and recognition selectivity toward IgG. When 1 mg of MPC serves as adsorbent to treat IgG solution (100 mg L −1 , 1 mL), an adsorption efficiency of approximately 99.0 % is facilely reached. Superior adsorption performance of MPC is well demonstrated by satisfactory enrichment factor (119.3) and high binding capacity (866.4 mg g −1 ). MPC is further employed for the separation of IgG from complex biological samples, achieving a protein purity of 97.9 %. Experimental characterization and molecular docking simulation successfully affirm the prominent role of multiple components in MPC in the collaborative contribution to the selective affinity separation of IgG. This study not only affords a highly efficient pretreatment platform for specific biomarker detection and antibody purification, but also illuminates the huge prospects of zwitterionic MXene-based frameworks in the field of proteomics research.
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