JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
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2018
·Vol. 54
·期 2
·1171-1183
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IF 2.993
Tang Weiwei,Wang Baogang,Li Junting,Li Yangzheng,Zhang Yin,Quan Hongping,Huang Zhiyu
Carbon dots (CDs) were facilely synthesized by one-pot pyrolyzing a lactic acid-ionic liquid (IL) gel with a relatively high yield of 34.9 wt%. The CDs, with a mean particle size of 4.4 nm and high thermal stability, were almost amorphous and capped by IL groups. The CDs-IL in water exhibited an obvious excitation-, concentration-, pH-dependent and high salt-tolerant photoluminescence property. Specifically, the CDs-IL emitted the strongest blue fluorescence at 454 nm under 365 nm excitation with a quantum yield of 16%. In addition, the CDs-IL, as a kind of water-based lubricant additives, greatly improved the tribological properties of base liquid. The loading capability of base liquid for steel–steel pair increased from 50 N to at least 80 N when only 0.015 wt% of CDs-IL was added. Meanwhile, the mean friction coefficient and wear volume of base liquid reduced by 57.5% and 64% at the load of 40 N, respectively. In addition, the friction-reducing and antiwear performance of CDs-IL was far superior to the CDs and IL, reflecting a synergetic lubrication effect between the IL groups and carbon cores. Based on the worn surface analyses, the CDs were prone to be squeezed out of the rubbing surfaces during the boundary shear friction process, while the CDs-IL were prone to quickly form ordered absorption layers on rubbing surfaces by electrostatic interaction between the IL groups and steel surface, which is of key importance for the formation of effective lubrication film to largely reduce friction and wear.
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Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering
·
2012
·Vol. 8
·期 4
·567-577
·
IF 0.758
Ying Gu,Xiaowei Liu,Bo Zhao,Wenqiang Liu,Minghou Xu
Nitrogen species distribution during coal pyrolysis with Ca addition in N 2 , CO 2 and Ar was studied at 1000 °C using a horizontal tube furnace. In particular, the effect of Ca on the distribution of nitrogen species in N 2 and CO 2 atmospheres, which were closer to pyrolysis processes of conversional air and oxy-fuel combustion in comparison with inert Ar environment, was investigated for the first time in this work. It was found that Ca has a great effect on nitrogen species distribution during both coal and demineralized coal pyrolysis; on the other hand, CO 2 causes the formation of NO. Demineralization increases the formation of HCN and char nitrogen, but there is little effect on NH 3 formation during pyrolysis in N 2 , in contrast to pyrolysis in Ar atmosphere, which decreases NH 3 formation. A significant reduction in char yield was found after char gasification in CO 2 at 1000 °C. With two different Ca-based additives, i.e., (CH 3 COO) 2 Ca and Ca(OH) 2 , char yield decreases with the increasing amount of Ca additives in both cases. The effect of Ca on HCN and NH 3 formation during pyrolysis depends on both the form of Ca and the amount of addition. In most cases, HCN and NH 3 formation decreases with Ca addition in Ar, but increases in N 2 . Ca addition slightly promotes HCN formation during pyrolysis in CO 2 . There is no NH 3 detected during pyrolysis in CO 2 because of the reaction of NH 3 and CO 2 in the background. In addition, NO concentration decreases sharply with increasing the amount of Ca addition in the atmosphere of CO 2 , which means that Ca has an effect not only on pyrolysis, but also on gasification of char in CO 2 . In most cases, char nitrogen increases with Ca addition in N 2 or Ar. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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RSC Advances
·
2015
·Vol. 5
·期 69
·56286-56292
·
IF 3.84
Bo Zhang,Zhaoping Zhong,Qinglong Xie,Paul Chen,Roger Ruan
In order to reduce coke yield during catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass, MgO and 2,4-dimethylquinoline (2,4-DMQ) were selected to reduce the number of external acid sites of HZSM-5. Both MgO and 2,4-DMQ deposition could cause a reduction in total acid sites (both weak acid sites and strong acid sites) and external acid sites of HZSM-5. The modified catalysts were used for the catalytic conversion of bio-derived furan. For the MgO/HZSM-5 catalyst, the effects of amount of MgO deposited and deposition time were studied. The carbon yields of aromatics, C2–C5 olefins, total chemicals, CO2 and CO increased at first and then decreased slightly when the deposited amount increased, while the carbon yield of coke decreased first and then increased gradually. Furthermore, as the deposited time increased, the carbon yields of petrochemicals, CO2 and CO increased greatly, whereas that of coke decreased. For the 2,4-DMQ/HZSM-5 catalyst, the effects of 2,4-DMQ treatment amount and treatment time were investigated. The experimental results showed that an increase in 2,4-DMQ treatment amount or treatment time could retard the generation of the target products, CO2 and CO but promote coke formation.
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Nano Energy
·
2017
·
IF 12.343
Long Kuai,Erjie Kan,Wei Cao,Marko Huttula,Sami Ollikkala,Taru Ahopelto,Ari-Pekka Honkanen,Simo Huotari,Wenhai Wang,Baoyou Geng
Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the key reaction in various electrochemical energy devices. This work reports an inexpensive mesoporous LaMnO 3+δ perovskite for ORR with remarkable activity, synthesized by a facile aerosol-spray assisted approach. The mesoporous LaMnO 3+δ material shows a factor of 3.1 higher activity (at 0.9 V vs. RHE) than LaMnO 3 obtained from co-precipitation method (LMO-CP). Based on results of x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, we conclude that the chemical state of surface Mn and the high surface area are the sources to the notably enhanced activity. The study of Zn-air batteries device further confirmed a Pt/C comparable performance in the practical devices with the novel mesoporous LaMnO 3+δ catalyst, where the power density at 200 mA/cm 2 is only 2.1% lower than in the battery with same-loaded Pt/C catalyst. Therefore, the high mass activity and low-cost of Mn/La may make LaMnO 3+δ further approach to the application of electrochemical devices .
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JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
·
2016
·
IF 3.652
Qiang Lu,Zhi-bo Zhang,Xiao-ning Ye,Wen-tao Li,Bin Hu,Chang-qing Dong,Yong-ping Yang
A new technique was proposed to selectively produce 4-ethyl guaiacol (4-EG), a valuable phenolic compound, via low-temperature catalytic fast pyrolysis of softwood biomass using the Pd/SBA-15 catalyst. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) experiments were performed to compare 4-EG production from three biomass materials with different lignin types (pine wood, poplar wood and bagasse) and two catalytic patterns (in-situ and ex-situ). Further experiments were performed to reveal 4-EG formation affected by the pyrolysis temperature, catalyst-to-biomass ratio and Pd content of the Pd/SBA-15 catalyst. The results indicated that 4-EG could be selectively produced from pine wood by the in-situ catalytic pattern. 4-EG was a very minor pyrolytic product in the non-catalytic process, while it could be selectively produced in the catalytic process, via the decomposition and hydrogenation of lignin. Our results suggested that several holocellulose-derived pyrolytic products could serve as the hydrogen-donors (H-donors) for the formation of 4-EG, without any extra H-donors. The highest 4-EG yield of 18.44 mg/g from pine wood was obtained at the temperature of 350 °C and catalyst-to-biomass ratio of 2, and the corresponding peak area% (calculated by GC/MS) was 38.34%.
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JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2024
·
IF 12.2
Huachuan Feng,Yilin Wang,Nan Li,Zishu Qian,Tao Chen,Xiaoming Chen,Qing Wang,Wenkun Zhu
Uranium-stressed soil caused by nuclear industry development and energy acquisition have attracted extensive attentions for a long time. This study investigated the effects of biochar application with different pyrolysis temperatures (300 ℃, 500 ℃ and 700 ℃) on remediation of uranium-stressed soil. The results showed that higher pyrolysis temperature (700 ℃) was benefit for ryegrass growing and caused a lower uranium accumulation in plants. At the same time, uranium immobilization was more effective at higher biochar pyrolysis temperature. Careful investigations indicated that activities of soil urease and sucrase were promoted, and bacterial diversity was strengthened in C700 group, which may contribute to uranium immobilization. The biochar application could activate metabolic of lipids and amino acids , organic acids and derivatives, and organic oxygen compounds. Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, and Benzoxazinoid biosynthesis were unique metabolic pathways in the C700 group, which could enhance the uranium tolerance from different perspectives. Based on these results, we recommend to use biochar with 700 °C pyrolysis temperature when processing remediation of uranium-stressed soil. This study will facilitate the implementation of biochar screening and provide theoretical helps for remediation of uranium-stressed soil.
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INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2024
·
IF 5.6
Xiaoran Li,Kehui Cen,Jinjin Li,Chu Wang,Dongxia Jia,Dengyu Chen
In this study, cellulose and lignin were subjected to co-pyrolysis for the production of syngas. For the pyrolysis experiments, three influencing factors were selected using a response surface method: pyrolysis temperature (400–800 °C), residence time (5–30 min), and lignin mass percentage (0–100 wt%). At a pyrolysis temperature of 477.4 °C, a residence time of 30 min, and a lignin mass percentage of 50 wt%, the actual syngas yield was 77.2 % higher than the theoretical value for the co-pyrolysis. In addition, the hydrogen volume fraction was improved by up to 24.87 % because of the interaction between cellulose and lignin during their co-pyrolysis (pyrolysis temperature of 800 °C, residence time of 17.5 min, lignin mass percentage of 80.65 wt%). Finally, the hydrogen formation process was simulated, using reactive force field molecular dynamics. The results showed that hydrogen molecules began to appear at a simulation time of 0.479 ns and then gradually increased in number with progressing simulation time. In addition, the hydrogen generation pathways were obtained by this simulation method. This study provides a data foundation for optimizing syngas and hydrogen production from biomass.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
·
2024
·
IF 8.1
Leping Cheng,Yuwei Liu,Die Li,Wenjie Xu,Jingbo Jia,Runduo Zhang,Ying Wei,Maria A. Goula,Vagelis G. Papadakis
Thermochemically upcycling waste plastics to value-added products is emerging to alleviate the waste crisis. This study aims to develop highly active and stable Ni-based catalysts for coupling pyrolysis and catalytic reforming of waste plastics to produce syngas. A series of confined NiO@S-1 catalysts with various Ni loadings (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) were constructed by employing dissolution-recrystallization strategy. They were in situ reduced and 15%NiO@S-1 sample showed the highest catalytic activity in terms of yield of syngas with high CO selectivity and was superior to 15%NiO/S-1 and 15%NiO/SiO 2 samples prepared by impregnation method. The TEM images of 15%NiO@S-1 catalyst after reaction showed that metallic Ni nanoparticles with average size of 10.1 nm were kept dispersive due to the confinement effect. In contrast, the apparent agglomeration of Ni nanoparticles with average size of 54.9 nm were found on the surface of 15%NiO/S-1 after reaction. This provides an effective strategy for design robust Ni-based confined catalysts for thermochemically upcycling waste plastics.
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JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
·
2024
·
IF 5.8
Haihan Huang,Jie Zheng,Kaiyue Wu,Jian Lin,Xin Lin,Quan Yao,Qianyu Fan,Dechao Wang,Yuanbo Huang,Jianchun Jiang,Zhifeng Zheng
Catalytic pyrolysis technology is one of the most environmental and efficient approach in converting biomass waste into high-value chemicals and fuels. In this study, the ex-situ catalytic pyrolysis of cellulose to produce furans and olefins was reported using various metal-loaded TS-1 as catalysts. The experimental results showed that the Au/TS-1 exhibited an exceptional catalytic activity in the production of furans and olefins, achieving a selectivity of 49.17 % and 40.65 %, respectively. Ni/TS-1 effectively promoted the formation of ethylene, yielding a selectivity of 97.49 % and a yield of 6.11 C-mol%. Under the optimized conditions: pyrolysis temperature of 550 ℃, catalytic temperature of 600 ℃, and catalyst to cellulose mass ratio of 20:1, the Au/TS-1 catalyst achieved a furans selectivity of 41.91 % with a yield of 11.94 C-mol%, while olefins selectivity and yield were 49.84 % and 18.99 C-mol%, respectively. At this condition, Au/TS-1 still has excellent catalytic activity after 10 cycles and has good catalytic effect towards different biomass feedstocks. Furthermore, the possible mechanism to produce furans and olefins was revealed. This research offers valuable insights for guiding the directed conversion of biomass into value-added chemicals, paving the way for a more sustainable future.
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FUEL
·
2024
·
IF 6.7
Li Wang,Jixiang Guo,Yu Zhou,Xiaojun Zhang,Chenhao Gao,Ruiying Xiong,Hanxuan Song,Xiangwei Chen,Junjie Luo
Current oil shale extraction technologies face significant challenges, including high heating costs, slow pyrolysis reaction rates, and low efficiency, which hinder effective resource exploitation. To address these issues, this study synthesized three types of metal-doped carbon quantum dot (M/CQD) catalysts—Co/CQDs, Ni/CQDs, and Mn/CQDs—and tested their effects on the pyrolysis of oil shale. The introduction of these catalysts resulted in a notable enhancement of the pyrolysis process, reducing the required activation energy by approximately 40 % and lowering the initiation temperatures for Co/CQDs, Ni/CQDs, and Mn/CQDs by 64 °C, 62 °C, and 94 °C, respectively. Consequently, the yield of shale oil increased significantly by 23.1 %, 13.3 %, and 19.8 % for each catalyst. Kinetic and product analyses indicate that these catalysts facilitate electron transfer from organic molecules, promoting the formation of free radicals and the cleavage of C–C bonds. This enhancement leads to an increased production of short-chain hydrocarbons and a reduction in oxygenates and esters, thereby improving the quality of the shale oil. Further insights from Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the catalysts enhance pyrolysis by promoting the formation of carbocations and synergizing with radicals released from the shale, intensifying the pyrolysis process. This study not only elucidates the catalytic mechanisms that enhance oil shale pyrolysis but also offers a promising approach to overcome technological challenges in shale resource recovery, such as high heating costs and low efficiency, paving the way for more efficient and cleaner shale oil production.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Jiaxing Song,Jiabao lv,Yuhan Pan,Jingyu Wang,Jun Wang,Ang Cao,Angjian Wu,Paul T. Williams,Qunxing Huang
Conventional catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics for H 2 production faces challenges due to excessively high reaction temperatures. This study introduced a NiCeOx/β catalyst for low-temperature H 2 production from polyethylene (PE), aiming to enhance H 2 yield through nonthermal plasma (NTP) and catalytic active sites. Experimental results confirmed the efficacy of NTP in promoting collision between high-potential-energies active species and plasma-catalyst interactions, identifying acidic sites as primary catalytic active sites. Both experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed NiO and CeO 2 particles as metallic active sites, exhibiting thermodynamic and kinetic benefits for primary products from PE pyrolysis. Under optimal conditions, the highest H 2 yield and selectivity respectively reached 32.71 mmol/g and 82.10 % at a PE/(NiCeOx/β) ratio of 1:4, reaction temperature of 400 °C, and NTP discharge power of 210 W. The NiCeOx/β catalyst facilitated low-temperature pyrolysis of waste plastics, enhancing H 2 selectivity and yield.
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Frontiers in Chemistry
·
2024
·
IF 3.8
Zhao Xuebin,Wang Qiuling,Ai Dan,Tian Haiying,Zhang Zhan,Cao Ke,Wang Yixuan,Qi Wei,Li Bo,Niu Yapeng,Meng Lingchuang,Gao Beibei,Li Bin
Development of low temperature catalytic pyrolysis technology for heated tobacco sheets is expected to increase the aroma of heated tobacco products and improve their overall smoking quality. In this study, the low temperature pyrolysis performances of heated tobacco sheets catalyzed by various anionic sodium salts were investigated using TG-DTG, Py-GC-MS technology and smoke routine chemical composition analysis. The results showed that the total weight loss between 100°C and 300°C increased by 7.8%–13.15% after adding various anionic sodium salts, among which, sodium acetate and sodium tartrate showed a relatively higher weight loss. The relative content of free hydroxyacetone, furfuryl alcohol, butyrolactone and megastigmatrienone in the pyrolysis gas increased, while the relative content of free nicotine decreased. With the change of anionic species, the catalytic decomposition ability of cellulose, lignin, and other substances may change, resulting in the distribution alteration of compounds in the pyrolysis gas. After adding sodium acetate and sodium citrate, the release of total particulate matter (TPM), glycerol, and nicotine in flue gas increased. Overall, the addition of sodium acetate and sodium citrate showed a higher low temperature pyrolysis performance of heated tobacco sheets. The research results in this paper provide data support for changing the low temperature catalytic pyrolysis performance of heated tobacco sheets by adjusting the type of anions in sodium salts.
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