FUEL
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2025
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IF 7.5
Yang Ren,Tiancheng Wang,Jing He,Hongyun Hu,Huan Liu,Xian Li,Hong Yao
To tackle the issues of poor thermal conductivity and low-value products in biomass pyrolysis, our previous research investigated molten nitrates as a heat transfer medium, which enhanced efficiency and yielded high-value gases at 350 °C. This study investigates the integration of biomass nitrate pyrolysis with solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology. Experimental results demonstrate stable electrochemical conversion of pyrolysis gas in SOFC, achieving a peak power density of about 100 mW/cm 2 . Following 10,000 s of discharge cycling, no carbon deposition was observed and voltage decreased by only 0.57 %. Nitrogen oxide emissions were analyzed, revealing the role of nitric oxide in the electrochemical conversion process. The primary source of nitrogen oxides stemmed from the oxidation of anions with biomass, particularly NO 2 – . Elevated temperatures promoted nitrogen oxide formation, with cellulose contributing significantly due to reducing sugars from its decomposition. Hemicellulose produced fewer reducing sugars, and lignin, with its predominant aromatic structure, was less reactive. At typical SOFC temperatures, NO decomposed to produce O 2 , facilitating redox reactions with reforming gas, enhancing the anode reaction rate and reducing SOFC polarization resistance by about 1.3 Ω upon NO introduction. This coupling exhibited a denitrification potential, achieving a NO removal rate of arround 75 % after two cycles. These findings facilitate the high-value utilization of biomass nitrate pyrolysis gas and the removal of nitrogen-containing component.
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高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2024
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IF 5.1
Xiumei Wu,Yunping Li,Xiangming Chen,Shu Yu
Ti doping SiTiOC ceramics were prepared by sol-gel method with tetrabutyl titanate (TBT) as modifier. The thermal stability of SiTiOC ceramics with various Ti contents was studied. Meanwhile, the influence of Ti addition on the pyrolysis behavior of SiTiOC xerogel and the structure evolution of SiTiOC ceramics were investigated. The ceramic yield of SiTiOC xerogels were improved greatly by introducing TBT, while the improvement of ceramic yield had an upper limit, for the simultaneous increase of volatile CH 3 O(CH 2 ) 3 OH. At 900 °C pyrolysis, SiTiOC ceramics were amorphous, and Ti existed by oxides. At 1200 °C and 1400 °C pyrolysis, the crystallinity of SiTiOC ceramics increased, TiC phase appeared in ceramics due to the carbothermal reduction of titanium oxides. With increased Ti contents, TiC contents increased in ceramics attributed to the preferentially carbothermal reduction of titanium oxides. The addition of Ti improved the thermal stability of SiOC ceramic system, but such an improvement was sensitive to the Ti contents. 0.05Ti-1400 ceramic exhibited the highest thermal stability with the mass change of 6.51 %. Because the oxide scale of 0.05Ti-1400 ceramic was complete and dense, with lowest thermal stress and oxygen diffusion rate for the least TiO 2 formed in the oxide scale. Concurrently, the TiO 2 particles formed with long rod-like which distributed uniformly in oxide scale that can toughen the oxide scale. While for 0.1Ti-1400 and 0.2Ti-1400 ceramics, the increase of Ti outward diffusion degree damaged the oxide scale and accelerated the oxidation of free carbon.
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高影响因子
APPLIED ENERGY
·
2024
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IF 10.1
Fawei Lin,Chujun Luan,Huiyi Mao,Chenxu Zhong,Xinlu Han,Guanyi Chen,Lei Che
The petroleum industry and pyrolysis of organic solid waste produce a large amount of low-grade fuel oil characterized by high proportions of heavy fractions, unsaturated compounds, and oxygen content. Catalytic hydro-pyrolysis is an effective approach to improve the quality with co-production of valuable pyrolysis gases and high-grade pyrolysis oils. However, exploration of available and low-cost hydrogen donors is the determining factor for the feasibility of this technique. Given that NH 3 is the excellent hydrogen carrier and with an active molecular structure, this work innovatively proposed NH 3 assisted catalytic pyrolysis that could significantly promote hydrogenation and cleavage reactions to acquire high-quality products and efficient utilization of NH 3 energy. HZSM-5 with specific modification by desilicication and phosphorus loading was selected as the optimal catalyst. The abundant hierarchical pore structure and weak acidity mainly contributed to the excellent catalytic performance. Specifically, 3 + rings aromatics (≥3 rings) disappeared, long-chain alkanes decreased by 10.45 %, while short-chain alkanes increased from 0 to 42.05 % for HO pyrolysis at 550 °C. The stability and universality of this approach were respectively investigated. Meanwhile, the heat value of pyrolysis gas increased by 3766 times under the optimal condition mainly due to the distinctly high yield of C 2 -C 4 combustible hydrocarbons, ca. 429.22 mL/g-oil. Accordingly, the pyrolysis gas could reach the target of energy self-supply for pyrolysis process by in-situ combustion with the residual NH 3 . Additionally, simulation calculations demonstrated that co-combustion of NH 3 and pyrolysis gases increased the laminar burning velocity and enhanced the combustion efficiency of NH 3 . Approximately 37,675 kJ/kg-oil energy could be produced in gas during NH 3 assisted catalytic pyrolysis to provide sufficient heat in pyrolysis with zero natural gas input. Extremely low production of CO 2 , zero natural gas input, and abundant C 2 -C 4 hydrocarbons jointly promoted the negative carbon effect, ca. 948.65 L CO 2 -eq./kg-oil. This study aims to propose NH 3 as a hydrogen donor so that low-grade fuel oil can be upgraded with energy self-supply.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
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2024
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IF 5.8
Zijun Dong,Yi Wei,Yujie Chen,Li Zhang,Deliang Xu,Guiying Lin,Bin Li,Shu Zhang,Juntao Wei,Muhammad Asif Akhtar,Jun Sun
Investigating how cellulose, xylan, and lignin affect nitrogen’s migration and transformation during pyrolysis is valuable, as lignocellulose pyrolysis can markedly alter these processes. This paper studied the co-pyrolysis of cellulose/xylan/lignin with urea formaldehyde (UF) using a thermogravimetric (TG) analyzer to assess their interactions. Furthermore, co-pyrolysis experiments of cellulose/xylan/lignin with UF at different temperatures were conducted in a fixed-bed reactor. TG analysis indicated that UF co-pyrolyzing with cellulose/xylan enhanced lower-temperature reactions, while it inhibited reactions when co-pyrolyzed with lignin. Co-pyrolysis studies showed xylan addition significantly enhanced char nitrogen retention, whereas lignin promoted nitrogen volatilization. Cellulose, xylan, or lignin incorporation yielded chars with more stable heterocyclic-N. Nitrogen preferentially migrated into the tars within a temperature range of 400 °C to 600 °C, and heterocyclic-N synthesis was efficient between 400 °C and 500 °C. The addition of cellulose or xylan significantly affected the transformation of nitrogenous compounds in tars, while lignin exhibited a relatively weaker influence on this process.
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高影响因子
Surfaces and Interfaces
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2024
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IF 5.7
Bin Liu,Penghui Liu,Zhan Ma,Musenge Chola,Mo Chen,Hongying Guo,Jie Li,Fangli Sun,Jinhan Lu,Peng Jiang,Weiwei Huan,Luming Li
Biomass-based flame retardants are characterized by readily available raw materials and are environmentally friendly, making the design of green and efficient biomass-based flame retardants a critical direction in the development of flame-retardant technology. In this study, a novel biomass-based flame retardant (Acc) was developed using ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as a raw material in combination with the biomass materials carrageenan (CAR) and collagen (COL). Flame-retardant wood was prepared via ultrasonic impregnation. Via various analytical and testing methods, such as the Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI), thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, cone calorimetry, and thermogravimetric–infrared coupling, the combustion performance of biomass-based flame retardants on wood was investigated to elucidate the flame-retardant mechanism. The results indicated that the flame retardant with a CAR:COL:APP ratio of 1:1:3 exhibited the best flame-retardant effect, with an LOI of 31.8 %. The peak heat release rate was reduced to 53.8 % compared with that of untreated wood, and both the peak smoke release rate and total smoke release were reduced by 63.2 % and 49.2 %, respectively, demonstrating a significant smoke-suppression effect. Analysis of the mechanism revealed that APP, COL and CAR generated non-combustible gases such as ammonia and gases containing P and S when exposed to fire. These gases dilute oxygen and eliminate •H and •HO radicals in the gas phase, thereby exerting flame-retardant effects. Acc promotes the formation of a dense crosslinked carbon layer containing N=C, N-C/P-N, N-H, and C-O-P. This carbon layer acts as a physical barrier, isolating oxygen (O 2 ), blocking gas emissions, and slowing heat exchange. This study provides a new avenue for the development of green and sustainable flame retardant wood.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
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2024
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IF 5.8
Yingna Li,Muhammad Sajjad Ahmad,Mudassir Hussain Tahir,Maryam Bashir,Arif Muhammad Khan,Rana Muhammad Irfan,Imran Riaz Malik,Boxiong Shen
This study investigates the selective production of aromatics through the co-pyrolysis of cabbage waste and plastics followed by catalytic reforming with Ni-modified ZSM-5. Co-pyrolysis significantly improves the inflection point (a parameter for determining thermal stability) to 251.3 °C from 232.7 °C. This process also enhances the relative yield of olefins and phenols , which are precursors for aromatic production to 25.46 and 17.23 respectively, up from 13.87 to 12.05. Furthermore, catalytic pyrolysis elevates the relative yield of aromatics to 53.4, as confirmed by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Thermogravimetric-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) analyses. GC-MS confirms the enhanced formation of valuable chemical precursors via co-pyrolysis such as phenols and olefines to 18.67 % and 22.13 % leading to a 63.81 % selective yield of aromatics in the final oil with 10Ni/ZSM-5. Ni modification of ZSM-5 is influential in decreasing PAH formation (7.26 % from 20.37 %), indicating that this two-step process is an effective method for transforming waste into high-quality bio-oil with enriched aromatic content.
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高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2024
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IF 8.1
Yifei Niu,Jinjin Qian,Hongfang Hao,Dandan Zhao,Zichuan Ma,Xiaolong Ma
The application of carbon composite materials (CCMs) spans across various fields, and their preparation primarily involves the non-oxygen pyrolysis of non-volatile macromolecular precursors, which poses challenges in tailoring their composition and microstructure. Here, we propose a binary co-pyrolysis approach for the synthesis of CCMs, utilizing small organic molecules such as Phenanthroline (Phen), o -Phenylenediamine ( o PD), and Melamine (Mel) as precursors, along with Co(II) salt as a catalyst. We conducted a thermogravimetric analysis of these three binary systems, aiming to synthesize CCMs at moderate temperatures (330 − 460 °C). Subsequently, we characterized the CCMs in terms of their bulk structure, composition, and surface properties. Finally, we assessed their decontamination performance through catalytic H 2 O 2 degradation of methylene blue and adsorption of Pb(II)/phosphate. The results revealed that Co(II) can promote the preferential formation of thermally stable intermediate polymeric structures and inhibit the direct evaporation of the precursors. The prepared CCM-Phen-Co, CCM- o PD-Co, and CCM-Mel-Co exhibit a lamellar and (N, O, Co)–co-doped amorphous structure. Furthermore, both CCM-Phen-Co and CCM- o PD-Co demonstrate complete removal efficiency for methylene blue at a concentration of 10 mg/L, while the maximum adsorption capacity of CCM- o PD-Co for Pb(II) and CCM-Phen-Co for phosphate are 58.0 mg/g and 13.6 mg/g respectively. The CCMs demonstrate promising efficacy in environmental catalysis and adsorption for decontamination purposes.
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高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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2024
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IF 10.8
Fengyin Zhou,Hongya Wang,Shiyu Wang,Jingjing Zhao,Xin Qu,Danfeng Wang,Yuqi Cai,Zhiyu Zheng,Dihua Wang,Huayi Yin
Waste biomass is one of the promising feedstocks to supply syngas that can be used as fuels, chemicals, reductants, etc. However, the relationship between the component of biomass and the constituent of pyrolysis gas remains unclear. Here, we study the pyrolysis behaviors of various biomasses and reveal the relationship between the biomass components and gas compositions. Further, different pyrolysis gases are applied for the reduction of spent lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) below 500 °C. The pyrolysis gas with a higher concentration of CO has a higher reductivity to convert LiCoO2 to CoO and Li2CO3 with a conversion rate close to 100% in 1 h at 500 °C. The biomass rich in cellulose and with a lower content of lignin tends to produce pyrolysis gas with a high concentration of CO, which comes from the deliberate breakdown of carboxyl, carbonyl, ether, and ester linkages. Moreover, LiCoO2 exerts catalytic functions over the deoxygenation and enhancement of oxygenates and single-ring aromatics. Overall, this paper offers a tailored approach to regulating biomass pyrolysis gases, enabling highly efficient battery recycling and syngas production.
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
THERMOCHIMICA ACTA
·
2024
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IF 3.1
Xuebai Guo,Cuixia Liu
In this work, the pyrolysis behaviors and kinetics of two bamboo ( Bambusa texlitis ) wastes were investigated via thermogravimetric analysis. The weight loss behaviors of pyrolysis were studied by curvature of the conversion (α) curves. The curvature of α can depict the characteristic temperatures of pseudo component (hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin) pyrolysis. Model-free model was applied to estimate the apparent activation energies of the pure components for comparison with other kinetic models. Three parallel reaction (TPR) and parallel finite number first-order reaction (FNFOR) models were used for kinetic studies. The first-order TPR model underestimates the apparent activation energies of pseudo components. The n th-order TPR model underestimates the apparent activation energy of lignin and obtains characteristic temperatures that are inconsistent with those of pure lignin. The parallel FNFOR model is more reliable for simulating the kinetics of lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis. The apparent activation energies of pseudo components depend on the variety of lignocellulosic biomass.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
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2024
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IF 5.8
Kai Li,Wan-zhao Huang,Dong-hong Nan,Qi Niu,Xi Luo,Bin Hu,Dan Yan,Qiang Lu
A new method for the sustainable utilization of waste lithium-ion battery separators was developed, involving the hydrochloric acid washing to partially remove the Al 2 O 3 coating, followed by catalytic pyrolysis to produce aromatic hydrocarbons with HZSM-5. The separators composed of polyethylene as base film were selected as the feedstock. The effects of acid washing pretreatment on the physicochemical properties and pyrolysis characteristics of the separators were studied. The results showed that the partial removal of Al 2 O 3 coating not only enhanced the heat and mass transfer, improving the primary thermal decomposition of organic matter and increasing the formation of volatiles, but also promoted the contact between volatiles and Al 2 O 3 , resulting in the cracking of large molecular substances into small molecular olefins. This pretreatment process was conducive to the production of aromatic hydrocarbons during the catalytic pyrolysis over HZSM-5. The aromatic hydrocarbons yield, calculated based on the ash-free separator, reached a maximum value of 83.20 wt% under conditions of 1.5 mol/L hydrochloric acid concentration and a catalyst/separator ratio of 12 at 650℃. This yield surpassed the yields of 59.24 wt% from untreated separator and 64.39 wt% from pure polyethylene separator.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE
·
2024
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IF 5.6
Shunnian Xu,Zhiguo Sun,Kaijun Hou,Gang Wang,Meijia Liu,Yahong Zhang,Chenwei Zhang,Zhongdong Zhang
Undesirable side reactions often occur during the catalytic pyrolysis of olefins in FCC gasoline to produce light olefins. We proposed a method to maximize light olefin selectivity by suppressing these side reactions. In this study, P-ZSM-5 and Ce–P-ZSM-5 were prepared by the pore volume impregnation method to investigate the regulatory relationship between their acidity/alkalinity and catalytic pyrolysis. The study found that acid sites could promote the olefin conversion and adjust the cracking pathway. Furthermore, the densities of strong B acid sites and base sites could regulate olefin adsorption, affecting hydrogen transfer activity. Acid strength was crucial in controlling the aromatization reaction. It showed that thermal cracking played a minor role in catalytic pyrolysis, with methane generation mainly resulting from acid sites promoting the cracking of terminal C–C bonds. Loading phosphorus strengthens the acidity of ZSM-5, while loading cerium weakens its acidity and enhances its alkalinity. By optimizing the acidity and alkalinity of ZSM-5, side reactions were suppressed, maximizing the selectivity of light olefins. The results showed that the light olefin selectivity of Ce–P-ZSM-5 increased from 33.2% to over 80%, while the side reaction selectivity decreased from over 60% to below 10%. This work will lay a good foundation for developing catalysts for catalytic pyrolysis of olefins to produce light olefins.
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高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
·
2025
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IF 4.3
Yilong Xu,Shihao Fu,Yuxin Wen,Wenqing Lv,Liangyan Ma,Haoquan Hu,Lijun Jin
Limonene is significant feedstock and how to abundantly acquire or convert into high-value chemicals is crucial. Waste tire pyrolysis oil (TPO) rich in limonene provides an alternative route. To address its difficult separation from other compounds in TPO, especially p -cymene, a new route to convert limonene into α-terpinyl methyl ether (TME) with high boiling point was proposed by alkoxylation over heteropolyacid-modified Hβ zeolite. Strong Brønsted acid centers can attain high efficiency in alkoxylation in limonene- p -cymene binary compounds. 89.24 % conversion was achieved after 5 h at 60 °C while TME yield is the highest (71.70 %) after 3 h with no reaction of p -cymene. Above 80 % limonene is transformed in real fraction of 160–180 °C of TPO and TME yield exceeds 60 %. Initial separation of TME and aromatic was achieved by vacuum distillation. The possible mechanism of limonene alkoxylation was proposed. This work provides a new approach to efficient utilization of limonene.
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高影响因子
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