Science Advances
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2026
·Vol. 12
·期 13
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IF 13.9
Jiansong Zhao,Tian Yin,Yaxin Deng,Hongbing Liu,Mingli Wei,Chenxiao Chu,Xinxin Liang,Xiaoshuang Bi,Haibing He,Jingxin Gou,Xing Tang,Yu Zhang
Exosomes, despite their promise as drug carriers for crossing biological barriers, remain underexplored for noninvasive posterior ocular delivery. Here, we demonstrate that semen-derived exosomes (SEVs) penetrate ocular barriers effectively, owing to their epidermal growth factor expression, which mediates reversible tight-junction disruption. SEVs reach the posterior segment via dual corneal and conjunctival routes. Using this, we engineered FA-SEVs@CMG eye drops, where SEVs are modified with folic acid (FA) and loaded with a nanozyme system (CMG) composed of carbon dots, manganese dioxide, and glucose oxidase. This eye drop leverages SEVs’ excellent penetration ability and FA’s targeting effect to enhance drug delivery to retinoblastoma (RB) cells. Internalized CMG induces intense oxidative stress, disrupts the autophagy-apoptosis balance, and triggers RB cell self-destruction. In vivo, FA-SEVs@CMG effectively inhibits RB growth while preserving retinal function. This work establishes the first SEV-based platform for noninvasive posterior segment delivery, offering a transformative strategy for treating posterior ocular diseases.
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Nature Communications
·
2026
·
IF 18.1
Liu Zheyang,Mao Liang,Liu Yifan,Nie Kaiqi,Zhou Min,Yan Binhang,Jiang Zhifeng,Shi Weidong,Liu Bin
Photocatalytic CO 2 -to-ethanol conversion offers an interesting route for intermittent solar energy utilization. However, the performance is impeded by slow mass-transfer and high dimerization barrier (>1.0 eV) of *CO intermediates, coupled with a kinetic mismatch between the short-lived carriers and the 12 e⁻ reaction. Herein, we develop a Z-scheme Cu δ+ O/floral-like BN photocatalyst that achieves CO 2 -to-ethanol conversion with near 100% selectivity. The photocatalyst utilizes the three-dimensional structure and alkaline surface of BN to concentrate CO 2 and directs transfer of long-lived carriers to unsaturated Cu⁺ sites, stabilizing them for flexible electron donation to the π* orbital of CO 2 . Enhanced ethanol photosynthesis activity/selectivity stems from a new pathway: CO 2 is first reduced to HCOOH at Cu δ+ O sites, lowering the C–C coupling barrier to 0.44 eV. Liquid formate is then concentrated and protonated to C 2 precursor, minimizing side reactions for high selectivity. Here, we show the feasibility of selective ethanol photosynthesis and uncovers a new formate intermediate pathway.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2026
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IF 12.5
Yijie Zhang,Kean Chen,Caixia Zhu,Yanxia Wang,Yongjin Fang,Zhongxue Chen,Yuliang Cao
Hard carbon is currently the most widely used anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), but its practical application is still limited by low Coulombic efficiency and the difficult trade-off between high capacity and low-cost production. As a light element, boron is an attractive candidate for SIB anodes owing to its high theoretical capacity, low cost, and non-toxicity. However, boron has shown intrinsically low Na-storage activity in previous studies. Herein, we propose a ternary synergistic activation strategy to activate the electrochemical Na-storage activity of a boron-rich carbon‑oxygen hybrid composite. In the hybrid network, synergistic B–O–C and B–C bonds construct a continuous three-dimensional framework that integrates high electronic conductivity, strong ion affinity, abundant defect sites, and hierarchical mesoporosity, thereby providing sufficient active sites and fast ion-transport pathways. Benefiting from this activation strategy, the boron-rich carbon‑oxygen hybrid framework (BBaC) delivers a high reversible capacity of 333.4 mAh g −1 and excellent rate capability (107.8 mAh g −1 at 4.0 A g −1 ) in SIBs, together with excellent cycling stability over 800 cycles. Notably, BBaC also exhibits superior electrochemical performance in lithium-ion batteries. This work provides a new ternary synergistic activation strategy for developing boron-rich composites as advanced anode materials for alkali-ion batteries.
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JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
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2026
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IF 8.8
Hongya Jiang,Zhiyi Xia,Qianzhi Sun,Dejian Chen,Yukun Qian,Ying Li,Yinjia Jin,Zhikan Yao,Lin Zhang
Tailoring the structure of polyamide thin film composite (TFC) reverse osmosis (RO) membranes prepared via interfacial polymerization (IP) remains a formidable challenge due to the intrinsically rapid nature of polycondensation reaction, impeding the further enhancement of membrane separation performance. In this work, a new strategy for polyamide structural manipulation is proposed, wherein the reaction-zone amine concentration is finely modulated thanks to the surface chemistry reconstructed substrate (SCRS). Distinct SCRSs, characterized by their exquisitely engineered surface chemical environments, spans a broad spectrum of the interaction force with amine monomers, enabling the on-demand control over the reaction-zone amine concentration. Such modulated reactant concentration tunes the H + and heat production and thus the nanobubble generation during IP process, thereby facilitating to form homogeneous polyamide selective layers with tailorable surface morphologies based on the established correlation between reaction-zone amine concentration and polyamide surface morphologies, contributing to the impressive improvement in separation performance (a 2.1-fold flux enhancement alongside competitive NaCl rejection) and anti-fouling propensity (a flux recovery ratio of 99.4%). Our current strategy demonstrated the capability for continuous tuning of the proportion of surface structural constituents across an extensive range by engineering the surface chemical environment of SCRS, providing mechanical insights for customized design and fabrication of high-performance, application-oriented polyamide membranes towards efficient water treatment.
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JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS
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2026
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IF 3.5
Haoran He,Wanli Ma,Zhiqiang Fan,Kai Xu,Zhiqiang Kang,Wei Zhao,Le Zhang,Xiaojun Qiao,Wenping Geng
With the advancement of micro-nano manufacturing technologies, microheaters have demonstrated significant application value in fields such as sensing, ignition, and self-destruction systems. This paper designs and fabricates a parallel necked Ni microbridge microheater based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), employing a Ti/Cu/Ni metal multilayer structure on a SiO2/Si/SiO2 substrate to achieve a compact, integrable device configuration. Finite element simulations revealed the temperature distribution and evolution patterns under different current conditions, which were subsequently validated experimentally. Test results demonstrated that the device rapidly heats up under constant current drive, reaching a maximum temperature exceeding 600°C at 1.8 A drive conditions, exhibiting excellent electrothermal response characteristics. Further integrated validation demonstrates that the proposed microheater structure can achieve stable and controllable triggering under system-level packaging conditions. Under a driving current of 3 A, the device completes the self-destruction process within 1 s, accompanied by pronounced current drop and voltage surge characteristics, indicating that the designed electrothermal structure can satisfy the ignition requirements of porous silicon energetic chips at the system level, thereby reflecting favorable structural compatibility and design rationality. [2025-0234]
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CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
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2026
·
IF 7.1
Luyong Zhang,Jianyi Zuo,Guangsheng Xu,Jinbin Fan,Xue Bai,Zhihua Yang,Fangfang Zhang,Shilie Pan
Deep-ultraviolet (DUV) birefringent crystals are essential for modern optical technologies, yet achieving a balance between large birefringence and a wide bandgap remains challenging. Although conventional borosulfates with alternating [BO4] and [SO4] tetrahedra connected by sharing corners possess a wide bandgap, they suffer from small birefringence due to weak optical anisotropy resulting from the presence of only tetrahedral groups. This work introduced advantageous “genes” [BO2(OH)] groups to modify the common [B(SO4)4] supertetrahedra for the first time and ultimately produced two borosulfates, Na3B3S2O11(OH)2 and K3B3S2O11(OH)2, striking the balance. Isolated fundamental building block (FBB) [B3O3(OH)2(SO4)2] was observed in the two compounds. Additionally, three conventional borosulfates featuring isolated [B(SO4)4] supertetrahedra, Na4KB(SO4)4, Na4RbB(SO4)4, and Na3Cs2B(SO4)4, were also obtained for comparison. Structural analysis and theoretical calculations reveal that the directional alignment of [BO2(OH)] groups significantly enhances the birefringence of the borosulfates. The calculated birefringence at 1064 nm increases by approximately 10-fold, specifically from 0.0035–0.0047 for the three conventional borosulfates to 0.043–0.044 for the two hydroxylated ones. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of employing [BO2(OH)] groups in optimizing the optical anisotropy of borosulfates, providing a design paradigm for exploring advanced DUV birefringent materials in borosulfates.
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Metals
·
2026
·Vol. 16
·期 3
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IF 3.1
Wenbo Wang,Xinyang Luo,Zhen Pei,Shengchi Bai,Wen Wen,Huidi Yu,Xiaoqi Wang,Xingzhong Guo
Nickel foam filtration layers used in sand control screens for petroleum extraction often suffer from insufficient mechanical strength and poor corrosion resistance and wear resistance. In this work, a two-stage electroplating strategy using the same metal was employed to construct hierarchical nickel coatings on nickel foam substrates. The effects of key process parameters, including electroplating time, temperature, and pretreatment, on the microstructure, mechanical properties, electrochemical corrosion behavior, and tribological performance of the coatings were systematically investigated. Electroplating time was found to directly regulate grain size and coating uniformity, while electroplating temperature significantly influenced nickel deposition behavior and electrolyte stability. In addition, UV pretreatment markedly improved the brightness and homogeneity of the deposited layers. Under optimized conditions (UV pretreatment for 10 min, electroplating at 60 °C for 8 min), a dense and uniform nickel coating with a well-ordered crystalline structure was obtained, leading to significantly enhanced hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. This study presents a practical and highly reliable approach for fabricating high-performance nickel-based coatings on nickel foam filter layers. Anticipated for application in the oil extraction industry, this method is set to enhance the performance of foam metal sand control layers.
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Journal of Building Engineering
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2026
·
IF 8.1
Xi Deng,Kaiyuan Li,Yongqiang Ye,Xinke Huo,Wei He,Fei Xiao
The inherent combustibility of wood represents a critical vulnerability, compromising the structural integrity and fire safety of wooden buildings. This work reports on a highly fire-safe P/N/B wood composite. This material was fabricated based on the freeze-thaw strategy, involving the co-impregnation of amino trimethylene phosphonic acid (ATMP) and boric acid (BA) into the wood substrate. Benefiting from the pore size changes caused by freeze-thaw cycles, the total loading of ATMP and ATMP/BA in wood increased by 37.5% and 21.9%, respectively, as compared the untreated sample. The freeze-thawed wood composite exhibited an ultra-high limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 87.9 % and a V-0 rating was reached in the UL-94 vertical burning test (5 mm). The peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release rate (THR) decreased by 57% and 91%, respectively, as compared to untreated wood. The results showed that the improved fire retardancy performances were attributed to the char layer formed during the combustion, which acts as a thermal barrier, preventing the transfer of heat and mass. SEM, Raman, XPS, FTIR, and XRD results confirmed that phosphates and borophosphates species were formed during burning and acted as reinforcing substances to enhance the strength and stability of the char layer. In summary, this study provides a simple and effective approach for modifying the fire safety of wood, with great potential for construction applications.
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SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
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2026
·
IF 8.3
Faxun Wang,Junyi Lin,Yuxuan Huang,Jiguang Zhao,Bing Tian,Liang Zhao,Bofeng Luo,Zhenliang Ye,Hao Yang,Guotao Duan
Reliable, drift-resistant monitoring of SF 6 enrichment in air near gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) leak points remains challenging for compact and low-cost sensing nodes. Here we report a thermal-conductivity-differential sensor enabled by a materials-circuit co-design: a hierarchical AlN@h-BN/MWCNT nanocomposite coating is integrated onto a Pt-coil element and read out by a Wheatstone bridge with a sealed reference arm and differential amplification. The ternary architecture exhibits a well-developed mesoporous framework with a high BET surface area (111.03 m 2 ·g −1 ), promoting efficient gas transport within the sensing layer and strengthening the thermal-conductivity-induced perturbation of the bridge balance. Under synthetic dry air (21% O 2 /79% N 2 ) at 25 ± 1℃, the output is monotonic over 0.1–5.0% SF 6 , with a recommended linear regime of 0.1–1.0% for quantitative readout; the baseline noise (σ air = 0.16 mV) yields an estimated LOD (3σ) of 0.0654% (∼654 ppm), while 0.1% is the lowest experimentally validated concentration. The optimized excitation voltage (3.0 V) maximizes response by balancing gas-phase modulation against increased non-gaseous heat losses at higher temperatures. The sensor shows reversible cycling (52/23 s response/recovery), humidity-tolerant operation (± 8% deviation over 20–80% RH), and < 5% degradation over 90 days; as expected for a TCD-type mechanism, cross-responses are governed by thermal conductivity rather than chemical selectivity.
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PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
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2026
·
IF 7.9
Xiaoxiao Zheng,Ming Lei,Miaomiao Yang,Hongjie Wu,Jipeng Chen,Fengcai Lin,Donghui Wang,Guocai Zheng,Yanlian Xu,Qi Lin
To address the dual challenges of traditional rare-earth luminescent materials (poor moisture resistance, aging stability) and conventional coatings (environmental hazards, insufficient corrosion protection) for industrial applications, a novel waterborne composite coating with persistent luminescence and excellent anticorrosion performance was developed. Using APSA-UTPCZrP (AUZ), a surface-modified 2D layered nanomodifier validated in previous work to enhance anticorrosion while retaining waterborne polyurethane (WPU)’s environmental friendliness; urushiol titanium polymer (UTP), strontium magnesium silicate (Mss) and strontium aluminate (As) phosphors were efficiently dispersed in WPU via amphiphilic sodium alginate (APSA), which ensures WPU compatibility through hydrophilic segments and phosphor adsorption via hydrophobic moieties. The 5Mss@AUZ/WPU exhibited synergistically enhanced performance: 8 h post-excitation luminescence duration (via AUZ-sensitized rare-earth ion energy-level transitions), alongside improved thermal stability, hydrophobicity, and chemical resistance. Crucially, it demonstrated outstanding anticorrosion performance: impedance modulus of 2.64 × 10 6 Ω∙cm 2 , corrosion rate of 1.38 × 10 −5 mm/year, and protection efficiency of 99.56%, stemming from AUZ's physical barrier (layered structure) and rare-earth ions' chemical inhibition (dense passive oxide layers). The As-modified counterpart achieved a higher impedance modulus (3.99 × 10 6 Ω∙cm 2 ) due to stronger As ions chelation. Notably, the 5As@AUZ/WPU coating maintained bright and stable luminescence under harsh conditions (acid/alkali/salt immersion, UV irradiation), attributed to its robust corrosion-resistant barrier protecting internal luminescent crystals. This study elucidates the synergistic dual-functional mechanism between AUZ and rare-earth phosphors, enabling long-afterglow luminescence and robust corrosion protection, thus offering a sustainable materials platform for underwater detection and marine engineering.
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PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
·
2026
·
IF 7.9
Jiangsheng Chen,Yitong Jiang,Zhenyang Yin,Ping Wang,Yumei Qin,Hongbo Dai,Yaqin Fu,Chen Qian
Flame-retardant coating treatment is a simple and effective fire prevention strategy. However, the development of functional waterborne flame-retardant coatings that combine self-healing capability with high flame-retardant efficiency remains challenging. In this study, a self-healing waterborne coating featuring boron‑phosphorus synergistic flame‑retardant is developed. The coating is fabricated by incorporating ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as a flame retardant, piperazine and tartaric acid as carbonized crosslinking agents into a self-healing film-forming system composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), tapioca starch, and boric acid. The formation of dynamic borate ester bonds between boric acid and PVA imparts self-healing ability to the coating. Furthermore, the synergistic interaction between boric acid and APP promotes the in-situ generation of BPO₄ as a catalytic species during combustion, which accelerates carbonization and cross-linking reactions among PVA, piperazine and tartaric acid, thereby significantly enhancing the flame-retardant efficiency of the coating. The coating was applied to highly flammable rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) to evaluate its flame-retardant performance. The test results indicate that a 64 μm-thick coating increases the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of RPUF from 18.9% to 54.3%, achieving a V -0 rating in vertical burning tests. The total heat release and total smoke production are reduced by 21% and 20%, respectively, indicating a substantial improvement in fire safety performance. Additionally, benefiting from the abundant hydroxyl groups in the system, the coating exhibited strong adhesion to polar substrates, effectively improving its durability. This study presents a rationally designed waterborne flame-retardant coating that integrates both self-healing and self-catalytic functionalities through formulation optimization, offering new insights into the development of advanced functional flame-retardant coatings.
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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
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2026
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IF 5.4
Niu Niu,Ying Zhang,Dong Sun,Jialong Zhang,Chuqi Zhang,Xiumin Li,Weiliang Tian,Feng Gao
The interfacial state of electrode materials critically governs catalytic analyte detection. This study introduces single-atom platinum (Pt) decorated tungsten trioxide (Pt-WO 3 ) nanomaterials for the ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of luteolin, a pharmacologically significant flavonoid. The atomic dispersion of Pt within the WO 3 lattice, achieved via oxygen vacancy anchoring, optimizes the interfacial state and catalytic performance, overcoming Pt nanoparticle agglomeration limitations. The optimized Pt-WO 3 modified electrode demonstrates exceptional performance with an ultra-low detection limit (0.13 nM), superior sensitivity (10.1 μA μM −1 ), and a broad linear range (0.0001–5.6 μM). Systematic mechanistic studies reveal a two-electron/double-proton reaction pathway for luteolin oxidation, with Pt single atoms synergistically accelerating interfacial electron transfer. The sensor exhibits outstanding selectivity, long-term stability, and reproducibility. Successful application in detecting luteolin in complex matrices (apple juice, lemon juice) validates its practical utility. This work highlights the significant potential of single-atom synergistic catalysis in advancing electrochemical sensor performance for pharmaceutical analysis and functional food quality control.
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