Journal of Cleaner Production
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2023
·
IF 11.1
Guanting Liu,Yuanjia Ma,Xiao Yang
White phosphorus (P 4 ) is an essential raw material for the production of phosphorus chemicals. The conventional carbothermal reduction process used to extract P 4 from phosphate rock is known as energy intensive and environmentally polluting, posing obstacles to meeting the urgent global demands for clean production and carbon neutrality . Moreover, the low product purity restricts its application in high-value industries. This paper presents an original approach that is both simple and coke-free for extracting high-purity P 4 . The method involves electrolyzing dissolved phosphate rock in molten CaCl 2 at a mild temperature. We undertake an in-depth investigation into the dissolution behavior of phosphate rock in molten CaCl 2 and the electrolysis behavior of the melt. The experiments demonstrate the rapid dissolution of phosphate in the rock when exposed to molten CaCl 2 , reaching saturation within a short time (e.g., within 10 min at 850 °C). The dissolution of phosphate shows a preference over silicates present in the phosphate rock. The electrochemical reduction of PO 4 3− in molten CaCl 2 is electrochemically reversible, as observed at potential scan rates not exceeding 0.20 V s −1 . The obtained P 4 product through electrolysis is of higher purity compared to the industrial-grade commercial product produced via carbothermal reduction. The implementation of pre-electrolysis can further improve the purity of the product and the current efficiency of the electrolysis process. The theoretical electricity and carbon consumption in the electrolysis method are estimated to be 9.12 kWh and 0.53 kg, respectively, for every 1 kg of P 4 produced. These values are lower than the conventional carbothermal reduction process. This cutting-edge electrolysis method represents a paradigm shift towards a more sustainable development of the phosphorus chemical industry, thereby showcasing its potential for revolutionizing the field.
研究领域:
化学工程
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环境科学
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材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Food Chemistry-X
·
2024
·
IF 6.5
Weiling Chen,Xingtian Chen,Wenjing Liang,Huiqing Liao,Haisang Qin,Bangdong Chen,Minmin Ai
In this study, the moderation–excess interaction of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) to the gelation performance of transparent egg white protein (EWP) gel (EWG) was explored. The oxidation of EGCG introduced a yellowish-brown EWG, whereas the weakening of Ca 2+ ionic bonds caused a notable reduction in the hardness of EWG, from 120.67 g to 73.57 g. Achieving the optimal EGCG-to-Ca 2+ ratio in EWG conferred enhanced water-holding capacity to 86.98%, while an excess of EGCG attributed to the creation of a three-dimensional structure within the void “walls”. The elevated presence of EGCG influenced the ionic bonds and hydrophobic interactions, thereby presenting a moderate–excess relationship with sulfhydryl and disulfide bonds, β-sheet, and α-helical structures. Notably, EGCG reduced the digestibility of EWG to 50.06%, while concurrently fostering the creation of smaller particle sizes. This study provides a scientific basis for the controllable preparation and quality regulation of transparent EWG.
研究领域:
食品科学
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材料科学
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化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
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2021
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IF 6.901
Na Li,Yaru Peng,Zeng Chen,Wenjuan Xiong,Jiaqi Sun,Yiming Chen,Putao Zhang,Meiyue Liu,Shengjun Li
The electro-deoxidation of MgO does not proceed efficiently due to the electrical insulation properties of MgO and large molar volume of metallic magnesium. In this experiment, an attempt was done to prepare Mg-Zr alloy from their oxides using the method of electro-deoxidation. The electrochemical mechanism of the deoxidation process of MgO, ZrO 2 and MgO-ZrO 2 composite was studied through cyclic voltammetry using metallic cavity electrode (MCE). There was an intermediate phase (Zr 3 O) in the reduction process of ZrO 2 . The electro-deoxidation of MgO occurred for MgO-ZrO 2 composite in CaCl 2 -NaCl molten salt. Moreover, the electro-deoxidation of MgO was promoted by the addition of polyvinyl butyral (PVB). The formation of metal phase Mg was confirmed by XRD, EDS, Raman spectroscopy, and inductively-coupled plasma spectroscopy. The electro-deoxidation products showed significant differences with the concentration of PVB and the ratio between MgO and ZrO 2 . The electro-deoxidation of MgO and ZrO 2 was favorable when the PVB concentration was 5.0% (wt.%). Pure metal phase of Mg-Zr alloys was formed when the molar ratio of MgO and ZrO 2 was 1:2. The atomic fraction of Mg in the electrolytic product was ca. 28.0 mol.%. This work shows that MgO could be directly electro-deoxidized to Mg without the formation of intermediate phase oxide.
研究领域:
材料科学
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冶金工程
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无机化学
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电化学
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金属合金制备
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
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2018
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IF 2.196
Haijun Han,Xiang Ji,Junjie Ma,Zhifeng Xu,Lijiang Guo,Dongdong Li,Yan Yao
Water activities for the CaCl2–SrCl2–H2O ternary system and its sub-binary system were elaborately determined using an isopiestic vapor-pressure method at 323.15 K. The solubility of the titled ternary system at 323.15 K was also determined by the isothermal equilibrium method. The Pitzer–Simonson–Clegg (PSC) model was used for correlating the determined water activity and solubility data, simulating the thermodynamic properties, and predicting the solubility isotherm of the titled system. The reliability of the determined solubility results in this work was evaluated by comparing with the solubility isotherms calculated with the PSC model. The model simulation results showed that the thermodynamic properties and solubility can be predicted with binary parameters only. The experiment and simulation results showed that the equilibrium solid phase in the CaCl2–SrCl2–H2O ternary system are pure salts, and no solid solution was found at 323.15 K.
研究领域:
化学热力学
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无机化学
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溶液化学
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相平衡
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DOI
高影响因子
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
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2019
·Vol. 50
·期 2
·940-949
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IF 1.952
Ma Xue,Xie Hongwei,Qu Jiakang,Song Qiushi,Ning Zhiqiang,Zhao Haijia,Yin Huayi
Molten salts can provide a high-temperature and oxygen-water-free environment, and the electrochemical polarization is able to reduce the oxide scale on the surface of Ti and Ni particles in molten salts and, thereby, enhance the sintering and accelerating atom diffusion between Ti and Ni. Thus, an electro-assisted powder metallurgical (EPM) approach was developed to prepare porous Ti and NiTi from metal powders in molten salts, where the porous pellet cathode made of the mixture of Ni and Ti powders is electrochemically polarized to facilitate the generation of the porous Ti and NiTi at a temperature lower than 1000 °C. The electrolytic product obtained under a cell voltage of 3 V for 12 hours is nearly pure NiTi with a tiny amount of undesired Ni 3 Ti and NiTi 2 phases. Overall, the EPM route could be a straightforward and general way to prepare porous Ti and Ti-alloys for implants and other applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
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冶金学
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电化学
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生物医学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
ENERGY & FUELS
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2021
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IF 3.605
Siyu Wei,Wei Zhou,Rui Han,Junfeng Li,Jihui Gao,Guangbo Zhao,Yukun Qin
The sorption heat storage based on composites with salt hydrates enables the efficient utilization and trans-seasonal storage of solar energy. Nevertheless, the limitation of heat and mass transfer of salt hydrates has restricted the implementation of this technology. Here, a novel strategy is proposed to synthesize a multistage core–shell sorbent, where salt hydrates are dispersed in the macropores of the expanded perlite (EP) before being coated with a carbon layer outside the EP/Ca particles. The abundant macropores in the matrix are beneficial to the high salt loading and efficient mass transfer. Moreover, the carbon shell significantly enhances the light-to-heat conversion performance of the sorbent, and the heat can be directly transferred from the shell to the internal salt hydrates for desorption, thus realizing the absorption, conversion, and storage of solar energy in the multistage core–shell sorbent. The sorption capacity of EP/Ca@C-0.25 is determined to be 1.22 g-H2O/g-sorbent under the conditions of 20 °C and RH 80%, and 84% of the water can be desorbed after irradiation under the 1 kW/m2 simulated sunlight for 2 h, with a heat storage density of 1698 J/g-sorbent in the heat storage process. Additionally, we also studied the performance of EP/Ca@C-0.25 in a solar-driven thermal energy storage system. In summer, the sorbent is placed outdoors and desorbed under sunlight within 2 h to achieve heat storage. In winter, the sorbent is placed in a fixed bed for adsorption, and the heat released during adsorption increases the air temperature by 5 °C for 10 h. Typically, the multistage core–shell sorbent demonstrates a potential sorbent for large-scale use in solar-driven thermal energy storage for practical purposes.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源工程
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太阳能技术
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
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2022
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IF 7.305
Siyu Wei,Wei Zhou,Rui Han,Jihui Gao,Guangbo Zhao,Yukun Qin,Chunhao Wang
Thermochemical heat storage has been successfully employed as a reliable solution for enhancing the utilisation of renewable energy. In this paper, we report novel composite sorbents fabricated by impregnating CaCl 2 into porous minerals with different structural properties. Sepiolite (SP), diatomite (DT), and expanded perlite (EP) were chosen as the mesoporous , macroporous , and foamed macroporous matrices, respectively. The pore structure of the matrix exerts a vital influence on the loading of salt hydrates and the performance of the composite material. EP/Ca had the highest energy storage density of 2166 J/g with a water exchange amount of 1.20 g/g, while the energy storage densities of SP/Ca and DT/Ca were 1026 J/g and 1520 J/g, respectively. The foamed macropores of EP provided more space for salt hydrate loading, whereas DT and SP only possessed mesoporous pores with limited pore volumes , thus contributing to lower salt hydrate content. Moreover, EP/Ca exhibited good structural stability during heat storage cycles because of the foamed macroporous structure. In contrast, the restrictive effect of the holes of DT on the salt solution was low, thus causing DT/Ca leakage and caking. Therefore, EP was chosen as the most suitable matrix for supporting salt hydrates. Moreover, this work presents an excellent perspective for exploring new sorption heat-storage materials with low cost, mass production, and high performance.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
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2017
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IF 2.323
Dan Li,Shanshan Li,Lingzong Meng,Tianlong Deng,Yafei Guo
The solubility data, composition of the solid solutions, and refractive indices of the LiCl–LiBr–H2O and CaCl2–CaBr2–H2O systems at 288.15 K were studied with the isothermal equilibrium dissolution method. The solubility diagrams and refractive index diagrams of the two systems were plotted at 288.15 K. There is no invariant point, one univariant solubility curve saturated with solid solution, and one crystallization field of the solid solution in the phase diagrams. The two systems belong to the solid solution type, and no double salts formed in the systems. The refractive indices calculated with an empirical equation agree well with the experimental data. By combining the composition equations and solubility equilibrium constant equations of the solid solutions, the solubilities of the two systems at 288.15 K were calculated on the basis of the Pitzer and Harvie–Weare models. The calculated solubilities agree well with the experimental results.
研究领域:
化学
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物理化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ENERGY
·
2022
·
IF 8.857
Yan Wang,Jiahao Sui,Zijie Xu
As a cost-effective phase change thermal storage material, calcium chloride hexahydrate exhibits high heat capacity and holds tremendous promise in building energy savings . However, as a kind of hydrated salt , it also suffers from the issues of phase stratification and high degree of supercooling. Thus, present work has studied the inorganic mixtures of hydrated chloride salts and prepared a novel kind of binary eutectic phase change thermal storage material via replacing calcium chloride hexahydrate by various mass ration of magnesium chloride hexahydrate. The initial research results showed that both the components liquefied simultaneously during melting and the phase stratification of eutectic system could be effectively alleviated. Nucleating agent led to a good restrain to the supercooling of inorganic eutectic and the subcooling degree could be found as small as 1 °C.Meanwhile, the small amount of additive would little affect the melting point and enthalpy of fusion of energy storage material. The thermal cycling tests showed that our as-prepared eutectic salts exhibited good thermal reliability with fixed phase transition temperature and almost no diminution of enthalpy, which indicated that this novel binary eutectic material possessed excellent and stable performance suitable for heat storage in building energy savings.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Omega
·
2021
·
IF 3.512
Ruohan Yang,Xinyu Lu,Xiaoli Gu
Cellulose is the most abundant natural biopolymer material, which has been widely used in film making and food packaging in recent years. However, lignin, a natural bioaromatic material, is always applied as a waste resource due to its low utilization efficiency. In this study, a ZnCl2/CaCl2/cellulose mixed system was used to prepare film materials via a regeneration method. The chemical structure and corresponding properties were characterized. The thermal decomposition process of film materials showed that with an increase of the heating rate, the maximum weight loss temperature gradually shifted to the higher-temperature region. Additionally, the combination of lignin with cellulose as composite films can effectively improve thermal stability. Furthermore, kinetics methods such as Kissing–Akahira–Sunose (KAS), Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO), and Friedman were used to calculate the average activation energy (E). This study proposed a facile method for preparing biobased multifunctional composite films using two kinds of naturally renewable materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
热分析
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ADVANCED POWDER TECHNOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 4.2
Chen Jixi,Jia Jinqing,Zhu Mengyu
Water film thickness (WFT) has been discovered to significantly affect the performance of cement-based materials in previous studies. The purpose of this study is to apply the WFT theory to cement-based materials with early-strength agents. To this end, calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) and triethanolamine (TEA) were used to prepare 32 groups of fresh pastes with varying water-cement ratios and different dosages of CaCl 2 /TEA. These pastes were tested for flow performance, setting time, and hardening performance. The comprehensive effects of WFT and early strength agents on the mobility and hardened properties of cement-based materials were discussed from the obtained results. Results show that WFT is still one of the main elements affecting the performance of cement-based materials in the presence of early strength agents. CaCl 2 increased the packing density of the paste, enhancing the excess water between particles and enlarging the WFT, which positively impacted the performance of the paste. In contrast, TEA decreased the WFT, increased the cohesion between particles, and declined the fluidity. Furthermore, as the water-cement (w/c) ratio raised, the WFT of the paste also increased. This caused cement particles to be enveloped in excess water, improving slip capacity and consequently increasing fluidity but reducing strength. Overall, WFT and admixture dosage can effectively predict the fluidity and mechanical properties of the paste.
研究领域:
土木工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Advanced Science
·
2026
·
IF 14.1
Xinglin Zhou,Lei Huang,Yan Zhou,Xiaohui Ning
Calcium-based liquid metal batteries are promising for large-scale energy storage due to calcium abundance and low cost, yet their practical applications are impeded by high operating temperatures, severe self-discharge, limited coulombic efficiency, and rapid capacity fading. Here, we develop a machine learning (ML)-assisted optimization framework, integrating data-driven analysis, ML prediction, and experimental verification to design a high-performance ternary molten-salt electrolyte. Through multi-parameter evaluation of thermodynamic stability, melting behavior, density, and cost, KCl was identified as an optimal third component for CaCl 2 -LiCl based systems. A multidimensional descriptor-performance dataset was constructed to develop a random forest model for precise electrolyte composition optimization. Guided by this model, the KCl-CaCl 2 -LiCl electrolyte (13:35:52 mol%) was experimentally verified to enable stable operation at 480°C, delivering a coulombic efficiency >99.5%, an ultralow self-discharge current density of 0.31 mA cm −2 , >91% capacity retention after 100 cycles, while maintaining a low material cost of 0.81$ kg −1 . This optimized ternary electrolyte suppresses calcium dissolution through cooperative multi-cation effects, significantly improving low-temperature electrochemical performance and cycling stability. This work not only provides a viable pathway toward practical Ca-based LMBs but also establishes a generalizable ML-assisted paradigm for accelerated electrolyte design in advanced electrochemical energy storage.
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
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