POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2020
·
IF 4.032
Shicong Ma,Yuling Xiao,Feng Zhou,Bernhard Schartel,Yin Yam Chan,Oleg P. Korobeinichev,Stanislav A. Trubachev,Weizhao Hu,Chao Ma,Yuan Hu
In this work, a series of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) derivative salts containing phosphorus and nitrogen were synthesized, and their effects on mechanical properties, thermal stability and flame retardancy of flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) were investigated. Studies have shown that the addition of DOPO derivatives will increase the tensile strength , compression set, and compression hardness of FPUF, but it will lead to a decrease in elongation at break. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the initial decomposition temperature of FPUF containing DOPO derivatives was reduecd, but the char reside was significantly improved. A series of combustion tests indicated that the addition of DOPO derivative salts can improve the flame retardancy of FPUF, of which 10-hydroxy-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide dicyandiamide salt (D-DICY) exhibited the best flame retardancy. When the load of D-DICY was 20 phr, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of foam reached 24.5%, and the peak heat release rate and total heat release were decreased by 55.7% and 52.9%, respectively. Furthermore, based on the analysis of the gas phase combustion products and the char residue of the condensed phase, the possible flame retardant mechanism was proposed.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Omega
·
2023
·
IF 4.1
Shaobo Dong,Yazhen Wang,Li Liu,Hongge Jia,Yu Zang,Liwu Zu,Tianyu Lan,Jun Wang
The research on intrinsic flame retardant has become a hot topic in the field of flame retardant. The synthesis of reactive flame-retardant monomer is one of the effective methods to obtain an intrinsic flame retardant. In addition, in view of the small molecular flame retardant easily migrates from the polymer during the use process, which leads to the gradual reduction of the flame retardant effect and even the gradual loss of flame retardant performance, and the advantages of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) technology in polymer structure design and function customization, we first synthesized reactive flame retardant monomer 6-(hydroxymethyl)dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine 6-oxide (FAA-DOPO), then synthesized polystyrene bromine (PS148-Br) macromolecular initiator by ATRP technology, and finally obtained block copolymer polystyrene-b-poly{6-(hydroxymethyl)dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine 6-oxide} (PS-b-PFAA-DOPO) by the polymerization of FAA-DOPO initiated by macromolecular initiator PS148-Br by ATRP technology. The chemical structure of FAA-DOPO was characterized by 1D and 2D NMR (1H, 13C, DEPT 135, HSQC, COSY, NOE, and HMBC) spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The chemical structure and molecular weight of PS-b-PFAA-DOPO were characterized by FTIR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The thermal and flame-retardant properties of PS-b-PFAA-DOPO were characterized by thermogravimetry analysis (TG), UL-94, limiting oxygen index (LOI), and microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC). It was found that FAA-DOPO could be used as a monomer for polymerization, although FAA-DOPO had a large steric hindrance from the chemical structure of FAA-DOPO, the UL-94 grade of PS-b-PFAA-DOPO reached the V-0 grade, and the LOI increased by 59.12% compared with PS148-Br.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
·
2023
·
IF 9.5
Xiuling Chen,Lei Wu,Cong Xie,Shan Xu,Yanfang Fan,Nanwen Li
Carbon molecular sieve (CMS), as the gas separation membrane materials, still faces challenges for regulation pore diameter precisely. In this work, we propose to reconstruct the 6FDA-DAM-Br-85% polyimide CMS membranes by introducing 6,6'-(1,4-phenylenebis(((4-hydroxyphenyl)amino)methylene))bis(dibenzo[c,e][1,2] oxaphosphinine6-oxide) small molecule compound (DOPO- p -DP) as crosslinking agent to regulate the pore distribution. The crosslinked precursors were obtained via the reaction between C–Br bond in 6FDA-DAM-Br-85% polyimide and N–H bond in DOPO- p -DP compound, the precursors and CMS membranes (550 °C- 2 h) were characterized with ATR-TFIR, XRD and XPS. The pore size distribution of crosslinked CMS membranes was range in 4.5–8.0 Å from the N 2 adsorption data. The crosslinked CMS membranes exhibited excellent gas separation performance, which was strongly dependent on the mass fraction of DOPO- p -DP, an increasing mass fraction of DOPO- p -DP leaded to improve in gas selectivity, while reduced its permeability. The 6FDA-DAM-Br-85%/DOPO- p -DP-20% CMS membrane showed the impressive permeability and superior gas selectivity, the permeabilities of O 2 , CO 2 , and H 2 are 798, 3018, and 13560 Barrer combined with the O 2 /N 2 , CO 2 /CH 4 , and H 2 /CH 4 selectivities of 7.8, 65.6, and 294.8 respectively, the separation performances surpassed the latest trade-off relationship. In addition, the 20% of the DOPO- p -DP crosslinked CMS membrane revealed the superior aging behaviour than that of the 6FDA-DAM-Br-85% CMS membrane over 480 h aging under vacuum conditions.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2022
·Vol. 33
·期 10
·3490-3500
·
IF 3.348
Wu Zhang,Weikang Xia,Yasheng Shi,Changlin Zhou,Ran Chen,Lei Wang,Jinqing Qu
Flame-retarded epoxy thermosets are highly desirable for electronics-related basic materials in the new-generation information applications. Herein, a DOPO-anchored benzothiadiazole flame retardant, namely DOPO-BTD , is designed and synthesized for P/N/S synergistic flame-retarded epoxy thermosets. DOPO-BTD possesses good thermal stability and excellent compatibility with the epoxy matrix. As reflected by UL 94 test, the DOPO-BTD coated EP passes the V0 rating and achieves a higher LOI value of 34.6% at ultralow P content of 0.39 wt%. The investigation of the DOPO-BTD -triggered P/N/S synergistic flame-retarded effect by thermal images further validated the flame retarded efficacy and dramatic inhibition of the flame. Meanwhile, the incorporation of 4.8 wt% DOPO-BTD into the epoxy matrix, the PHRR, THR, SPR, TSP, and COP are significantly decreased by 37.97%, 27.44%, 25.49%, 19.83%, and 31.70%, respectively. Additionally, the fire growth index (FGI) is sharply dropped 26.06%. Moreover, the TGIR and TGMS results convince the flame-retarded mechanism of DOPO-BTD through the combination of the gas-phase and condensed-phase pathways. The P/N/S synergistic DOPO-BTD can serve as a promising flame retardant for efficiently fabricating the flame-retarded epoxy thermosets, and this study sheds light on the development of multiple elements synergistic flame-retardants for functional polymers with great application potential.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
高分子科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Cui Li,Zhaotian Ba,Bingchen Wu,Xinxin Shi,Hui Liu,Lili Ma,Xin Wen,Pingan Song
The design of environmentally friendly flame retardants to achieve the balanced flame retardancy and mechanical properties of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) is a critical challenge. Herein, inspired by the micropapillae adorned with hydrophobic wax crystals structure of lotus leaf, Mg(OH) 2 /Co-MOF/DOPO hybrids (MH@MOF- g -DOPO) were successfully constructed through in-situ growth of Co-MOF and chemical grafting of DOPO. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the Co-MOF content in MH@MOF was approximately 27.3 wt%, while the grafted DOPO in MH@MOF- g -DOPO was about 19.5 wt%. Owing to the unique microstructure, the water contact angle of MH@MOF- g -DOPO reached to 113.7°, implying its hydrophobic surface. Subsequently, the as-synthesized MH@MOF- g -DOPO was used to prepare PLA composites, which exhibited significantly improved flame retardancy, as indicated by the LOI value of 30.2 %, UL-94 V0 rating, and the reduction on PHRR by 70.1 %. The flame retardant mechanism was attributed to the synergistic effects of multiple flame retardant units (MH, Co-MOF and P) in MH@MOF- g -DOPO hybrids. Furthermore, the flame retarded PLA/20MH@MOF- g -DOPO achieved the brittle-tough transformation via uniaxial pre-stretch process, thus displayed outstanding mechanical properties (good stiffness and excellent toughness). Notably, compared to the pristine undraw PLA, the Youngꞌs modulus, tensile strength and the elongation at break PLA/20MH@MOF- g -DOPO increased by 35 %, 38 % and 1957 %, respectively. This work proposes an innovative and efficient method to achieve the excellent balance on flame retardancy and mechanical properties of PLA composites, benefiting to promoting their real-world applications as functional polymer materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
生物学启发设计
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 2.5
Zhongliang Guo,Yuqin Zhu,Yu Mi,Zhiyong Zhang,Huiying Wen,Lubin Liu,Miaojun Xu,Bin Li
In this study, a phosphorus-containing thermotropic liquid crystal copolyester (p-TLCP) was synthesized via melt polycondensation using 2-(6-oxid-6H-dibenzo<1,2>oxaphosphorin-6-yl)-1,4-benzenediol (DOPO-HQ), terephthalic acid (TPA), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-HBA), and dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) as raw materials with a molar ratio of 3:3:2:2. The flame-retardant p-TLCP was subsequently incorporated into polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) to fabricate composites. The thermal properties, flame retardancy, and mechanical performance of the PBT/p-TLCP composites were systematically investigated through limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning (UL-94), cone calorimetry, dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DMA), tensile/impact testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), coupled with laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS) and Thermogravimetric-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (TG-FTIR). Results revealed that the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of the composites were markedly improved with increasing p-TLCP content. When the p-TLCP addition was 10.0 wt.%, the LOI value of the composite increased from 22.0% (pure PBT) to 27.0%, achieving a UL-94 V-0 rating; at a p-TLCP loading of 12.5 wt.%, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) decreased by 22.4% and 35.8% relative to pure PBT, respectively, while the storage modulus and tensile strength were elevated by 22.8% and 19.4%, with impact strength reaching 30.5% enhancement, demonstrating optimal comprehensive performance.
研究领域:
高分子科学
·
材料工程
·
化学合成
·
热分析
·
阻燃性能
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2025
·
IF 5.4
Cheng Chen,Dongyue Zhao,Zhong Xu,Shibin Nie,Zongquan Zhao,Jingwen Wang,Xinyu Huang,Wei Zhao
The fire accidents caused by coal spontaneous combustion seriously endanger the safety of mine production, and gel foam has been utilized to control coal spontaneous combustion. However, most gel foams exhibit a tendency to rupture under high-temperature conditions, which limit their fire extinguishing efficiency. To address this issue, a novel high-temperature carbonizing intumescent gel foam (ETPSGF) was prepared by introducing an intumescent flame retardants system (ED) based on expandable graphite (EG) and 9,10-Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phospha-phenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO). The results show that ED was successfully incorporated into the gel foam system, with the foam expansion volume reaching 6.3 times and the half-life increasing to 19 days. Furthermore, the ETPSGF can form a foam film with the thickness of 1.52 cm, and it also can form a worm-like intumescent char layer under high-temperature condition. The CO inhibition efficiency of the ETPSGF-treated coal at 200 °C reaches 70.5 %, and the crossing point temperature delayed by 23.6 °C. In the fire extinguishing test, the ETPSGF-treated coal is rapidly cooled from 700 °C to 35 °C within 60 min with no re-ignition phenomenon, indicating that ETPSG exhibits fire extinguishing efficiency under high-temperature conditions. This work provides a new idea for the design of high-performance gel foam, and promotes the development of gel foam technology for preventing and controlling coal spontaneous combustion.
研究领域:
消防安全工程
·
矿山安全
·
材料科学
·
阻燃技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
·
2019
·Vol. 59
·期 10
·2008-2015
·
IF 1.92
Rui Chen,Shensong Dai,Tong Guo,Hao Tang,Yuqi Fan,Hong Zhou
A novel flame-retardant hsaltryptamine phosphaphenanthrene (HTD) was successfully synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. HTD was used to improve flame retardancy of epoxy resin (EP). When the addition content of HTD reached 4 wt%, the EP/HTD thermoset passed a UL-94 V-1 rating and had limited oxygen index value of 29.2%. Compared to neat EP, the release of heat and smoke decreased significantly due to the gaseous-phase and condensed-phase flame-retardant mechanism of HTD. The char residue after cone calorimeter test was analyzed and the results showed that the char residue of EP/8%HTD thermoset exhibited homogeneously crosslinked char layer, which acted as a good barrier for the release of heat and oxygen. The transmittance and mechanical properties of EP/HTD thermosets had been tested. EP/HTD thermoset possessed high transparency and good mechanical properties. In comparison to neat EP, tensile strength, flexural strength, and Izod unnotched impact strength of EP with 8% loading of HTD was improved by 21.9%, 20.5%, and 17.4%, respectively. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:2008–2015, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers
研究领域:
材料科学
·
聚合物化学
·
消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
·
2025
·
IF 8
Gang Tang,Zhen Zhang,Rui Wang,Zicheng Xu,Mengfan Guan,Dan Deng,Shenghua Wu,Kang Dai,Xiuyu Liu
With the continuous growth in demand for flame-retardant materials in the construction and insulation industries, flame-retardant modification of rigid polyurethane foam (RPUFs) has become critical for their safe application in scenarios such as building energy conservation, cold chain refrigeration, and pipeline insulation. However, the high loading levels of traditional flame retardants often result in reduced mechanical strength and/or increased thermal conductivity of RPUFs. To address this issue, this study aims to enhance the flame retardancy, smoke suppression performance, mechanical strength, and thermal insulation properties of RPUFs by synthesizing an organic flame retardant additive containing phosphorus and silicon (PSiFR) and blending it with diatomaceous earth into RPUFs, leveraging the synergistic effects of the two materials. The optimal formulation is RPUFs containing 9.6 wt% PSiFR and 0.4 wt% diatomaceous earth (RPUF-3). Specifically, the peak heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke generation of RPUF-3 are 47.2 %, 40.6 %, and 27.0 % lower than those of unmodified RPUFs, respectively. Compared with the compressive strength of unmodified RPUF (6.12kN·m/kg), the compressive strength of RPUF-3 is increased to 6.72 kN·m/kg. And also, its thermal conductivity (0.044 W/(m·K)) shows a downward trend compared with that of unmodified RPUF (0.044 W/(m·K)). The synergistic addition of PSiFR and diatomite successfully achieved simultaneous improvements in the flame retardancy, smoke suppression capability, mechanical strength, and thermal insulation performance of RPUF. This method provides an efficient and feasible modification strategy for fields such as building energy conservation and cold chain refrigeration.
研究领域:
高分子材料科学
·
阻燃材料
·
建筑材料
·
热功能材料
·
复合材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
·
2025
·
IF 7.3
Kai Wang,Changliang Wang,Jianpeng Zhang,Xun Zou,Feng Rong,Long Xiang,Nannan Song,Xida Zhang,Qingwu Zhang,Zhongwei Chen,Tingting Chen,Yuan Yu,Juncheng Jiang
A novel flame retardant of epoxy resin (EP) containing P/N/B flame-retardant elements, DTA-B, was synthesized by introducing element B into the P/N flame-retardant system through a proton transfer reaction. DTA-B has a high residual carbon content of up to 55.8 wt% at 800 °C. The addition of 5 wt% DTA-B to EP significantly enhanced its flame retardancy, with the limiting oxygen index of the EP/5DTA-B composite increasing to 33.2 %, achieving the UL-94 V-0 rating. Cone calorimeter tests showed that, compared to pure EP, the peak heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke production of EP/5DTA-B were reduced by 40.4 %, 20.7 %, and 27.4 %, respectively. Analysis of the pyrolysis behavior and char formation revealed the flame-retardant mechanism of DTA-B in both the gas and condensed phases. The flexural strength and tensile strength of EP/5DTA-B were 120.4 MPa and 62.3 MPa, respectively, which represent improvements of 18.7 % and 9.9 % compared to pure EP (101.4 MPa and 56.7 MPa). Furthermore, the introduction of DTA-B also improved the adhesive performance of EP, with the shear strength of EP/5DTA-B adhesive bonding steel and wooden bars being 14.38 MPa and 9.29 MPa, respectively, both higher than those of pure EP (7.23 MPa and 5.63 MPa). Compared to EP/5DTA and EP/5DOPO, EP/5DTA-B has the lowest phosphorus content but the best flame retardancy, reflecting the synergistic effect of the P/N/B flame-retardant elements. This study provides new insights into the introduction of element B into the P/N flame-retardant system and the development of DOPO-based flame retardants.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2019
·Vol. 31
·期 3
·461-471
·
IF 2.162
Zhongying Yao,Lijun Qian,Yong Qiu,Yajun Chen,Bo Xu,Jie Li
Based on bio-based furfural, a phosphorus-containing curing agent (FPD) was successfully synthesized, via the addition reaction between 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10 phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and furfural-derived Schiff base. Then, as co-curing agent, FPD was used to prepare flame retardant epoxy thermosets (EP) cured by 4, 4′-diaminodiphenyl methane. The incorporated FPD improved the flame retardancy and toughness of epoxy thermoset, simultaneously. When 5 wt% FPD was added into EP, the FPD/EP achieved 35.7% limited oxygen index (LOI) value and passed UL94 V-0 rating, meanwhile. In FPD/EP thermoset, the incorporated FPD reduced the thermal decomposition rate, increased the charring capacity, and inhibited the combustion intensity of epoxy thermoset. Through gas-phase and condensed-phase actions in weakening fuel supply, suppressing volatile combustion, and enhancing charring barrier effect, FPD decreased the heat release of burning epoxy thermoset, significantly. For the outstanding effectiveness on both flame retardancy and toughness, the study on FPD provides a promising way to manufacture high-performance epoxy thermoset.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2020
·
IF 4.032
Zhiyuan Chi,Zongwei Guo,Zice Xu,Mengjie Zhang,Ming Li,Lei Shang,Yuhui Ao
Searching a renewable and flame-retardant alternative to bisphenol A epoxy resins is a necessary development trend. Diphenolic acid , a plant derivative, has been proven to be one of the sustainable alternatives to bisphenol A. However, how to impart the flame-retardant property to diphenolic acid thermosets is still a challenge to synthesize high performance intrinsic flame-retardant bio-based epoxy resins. A flame-retardant bio-based epoxy resin (TEBA) was designed and synthesized via a three-step synthetic pathway from 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO)、diethanolamine and diphenolic acid (DPA). The chemical structures of the intermediate and final products were confirmed by 1 HNMR and FTIR spectroscopy. TEBA cured with 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) curing agent was compared with a standard bisphenol A epoxy resin (DGEBA). Due to the combination of phosphorus and nitrogen in the main chain, the TEBA-DDM shows superior flame retardancy. Compared with DGEBA-DDM, LOI of TEBA-DDM increased from 25.8% to 42.3%, UL-94 test rating from no rating to V-0 rating, self-extinguishing within 3s. The peak heat release rate (PHRR) in the cone calorimetry test decreased by 67%. total heat release (THR) and total smoke generation (TSP) decreased by 27% and 35%, respectively. In addition, the flame retardant mechanism of TEBA epoxy thermosets was researched by FTIR, residual char photograph, SEM, TG-IR analysis and Raman spectroscopy . Meanwhile, TEBA-DDM and DGEBA-DDM have comparable mechanical properties .
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
高分子科学
·
可持续化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）