WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·Vol. 41
·期 8
·1-13
·
IF 4.2
Jiang Cheng,Li Luli,Li Jialu
Chitinolytic enzymes are capable of hydrolyzing the cell walls of pathogenic fungi, disrupting the exoskeletons of insect pests, and producing N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine oligomers or monomers. In this study, a new β-N-acetylhexosaminidase gene encoding an enzyme from glycoside hydrolase family 20 (GH 20) was identified from the biocontrol fungus Chaetomium globosum W7. The corresponding protein was designated CgNagase20 and was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli . The molecular mass of the protein was approximately 66.7 kDa, and this enzyme exhibited maximal activity at 55 °C and pH 4.0. Heavy metal ions, particularly Fe 3+ , Ag + , and Hg 2+ , were found to strongly inhibit CgNagase20 activity. CgNagase20 exhibits typical substrate specificity of β-N-acetylhexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.52), acting on N-acetylglucosides and N-acetylgalactosides, with monosaccharides as the sole end products. The Vmax and Km values for CgNagase20 when acting on 4-nitrophenyl N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide (pNP-βGlcNAc) were calculated to be 118.85 µmol/min/mg protein and 1.59 mM, respectively. Additionally, CgNagase20 demonstrated antifungal activity, significantly inhibiting spore germination and hyphal growth of Fusarium sporotrichioides , the causative agent of potato dry rot. In conclusion, CgNagase20 represents the first β-N-acetylhexosaminidase identified and characterized from C. globosum , with potential applications in both the industrial and agricultural sectors.
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PLANT JOURNAL
·
2026
·Vol. 127
·期 1
·e71016
·
IF 6.2
Mengying Guo,Jing Xu,Yongjiang Zeng,Huili Huang,Weiran Kong,Zhaomei Qi,Huiquan Liu,Ming Xu
SUMMARY Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum , poses a significant threat to global wheat production. F . graminearum -mediated suppression of host immunity is critical for infection, yet the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Fungal chitin deacetylases (CDAs) are known to modify cell wall chitin, a potent microbe-associated molecular pattern, to evade plant defenses. Here, we investigated the CDA family in F. graminearum and identified four secreted paralogs, FgCDA1-4, that are highly induced during wheat infection. Functional analyses confirmed that all four are potent virulence factors, protecting fungal hyphae from degradation by host proteins and suppressing chitin-triggered immunity, including ROS production and callose deposition. Crucially, genetic analysis of single, double, and quadruple deletion mutants revealed a non-additive functional relationship; the virulence defect in multigene mutants was no greater than that of single-gene mutants, pointing to a coordinated mechanism rather than functional redundancy. We subsequently showed through yeast two-hybrid assays, co-immunoprecipitation, and AlphaFold-based structural modeling that FgCDA1-4 physically interact and are likely to assemble into hetero-oligomeric complexes. Our findings uncover a sophisticated immune evasion strategy where F. graminearum deploys a multi-subunit enzymatic complex to ensure robust virulence. This FgCDA complex represents a novel, high-value target for developing durable FHB resistance.
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2017
·
IF 3.154
Xiya Zhang,Xuezhi Yu,Kai Wen,Chenglong Li,Ghulam Mujtaba Mari,Haiyang Jiang,Weimin Shi,Jianzhong Shen,Zhanhui Wang
The detecting labels used for lateral flow immunoassays (LFAs) have been traditionally gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and, more recently, luminescent nanoparticles, such as quantum dots (QDs). However, these labels have low sensitivity and are costly, in particular, for trace detection of mycotoxins in cereals. Here, we provided a simple preparation procedure for amorphous carbon nanoparticles (ACNPs) and described multiplex LFAs employing ACNPs as labels (ACNP-LFAs) for detecting three Fusarium mycotoxins. The analytical performance of ACNPs in LFA was compared to GNPs and QDs using the same immunoreagents, except for the labels, allowing for their analytical characteristics to be objectively compared. The visual limit of detection for ACNP-LFAs in buffer was 8-fold better than GNPs and 2-fold better than QDs. Under optimized conditions, the quantitative limit of detection of ACNP-LFAs in maize was as low as 20 μg/kg for deoxynivalenol, 13 μg/kg for T-2 toxin, and 1 μg/kg for zearalenone. These measurements were much lower than the action level of these mycotoxins in maize. The accuracy and precision of the ACNP-LFAs were evaluated by analysis of spiked and incurred maize samples with recoveries of 84.6–109% and coefficients of variation below 13%. The results of ACNP-LFAs using naturally incurred maize samples showed good agreement with results from high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, indicating that ACNPs were more sensitive labels than and a promising alternative to GNPs used in LFAs for detecting mycotoxins in cereals.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
分析化学
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Processes
·
2020
·Vol. 8
·期 12
·1674
·
IF 2.753
Xinxin Li,Xiuhong Wang,Xiangyuan Shi,Baoping Wang,Meiping Li,Qi Wang,Shengwan Zhang
The present study focuses on the inhibitory effect of volatile metabolites released byBacillus velezensisCT32 onVerticillium dahliaeandFusarium oxysporum, the causal agents of strawberry vascular wilt. The CT32 strain was isolated from maize straw compost tea and identified asB. velezensisbased on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Bioassays conducted in sealed plates revealed that the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by the strain CT32 possessed broad-spectrum antifungal activity against eight phytopathogenic fungi. The volatile profile of strain CT32 was obtained by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 30 volatile compounds were identified, six of which have not previously been detected in bacteria or fungi: (Z)-5-undecene, decyl formate, 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol, dodecanenitrile, 2-methylpentadecane and 2,2’,5,5’-tetramethyl-1,1’-biphenyl. Pure compounds were tested in vitro for their inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth ofV. dahliaeandF. oxysporum. Decanal, benzothiazole, 3-undecanone, 2-undecanone, 2-undecanol, undecanal and 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol showed high antifungal activity, with benzothiazole and 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol being the most potent compounds. These results indicate that the VOCs produced byB. velezensisCT32 have the potential to be used as a biofumigant for management of vascular wilt pathogens.Keywords:biocontrol;Bacillus velezensis;volatile organic compounds;vascular wilt pathogens
研究领域:
植物病理学
·
微生物学
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
·
2019
·Vol. 20
·期 11
·2849
·
IF 4.183
Songwei Li,Yijie Dong,Lin Li,Yi Zhang,Xiufen Yang,Hongmei Zeng,Mingwang Shi,Xinwu Pei,Dewen Qiu,Qianhua Yuan
Panama disease, or Fusarium wilt, the most serious disease in banana cultivation, is caused byFusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense(FOC) and has led to great economic losses worldwide. One effective way to combat this disease is by enhancing host plant resistance. The cerato-platanin protein (CPP) family is a group of small secreted cysteine-rich proteins in filamentous fungi. CPPs as elicitors can trigger the immune system resulting in defense responses in plants. In this study, we characterized a novel cerato-platanin-like protein in the secretome ofFusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubenserace 4 (FOC4), named FocCP1. In tobacco, the purified recombinant FocCP1 protein caused accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), formation of necrotic reaction, deposition of callose, expression of defense-related genes, and accumulation of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) in tobacco. These results indicated that FocCP1 triggered a hypersensitive response (HR) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in tobacco. Furthermore, FocCP1 enhanced resistance tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) disease andPseudomonas syringaepv.tabaci6605 (Pst.6605) infection in tobacco and improved banana seedling resistance to FOC4. All results provide the possibility of further research on immune mechanisms of plant and pathogen interactions, and lay a foundation for a new biological strategy of banana wilt control in the future.Keywords:Fusarium oxysporum;cerato-platanin;elicitor;FocCP1;immune response;systemic acquired resistance
研究领域:
植物病理学
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分子生物学
·
农业科学
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Horticulturae
·
2023
·Vol. 9
·期 9
·1024
·
IF 3.1
Xian Zhou,Hui-Hui Ma,Shi-Jie Xiong,Ling-Ling Zhang,Xue-Dong Zhu,Yong-Xing Zhu,Li-Rong Zhou
Fusariumwilt, mainly caused byFusarium oxysporum, affects ginger yield and quality worldwide. To explore a safe and sustainable method of preventing and controllingFusariumwilt, the inhibitory effects of eugenol onF. oxysporum FOX-1were analysed in this study. The results showed that eugenol inhibited the reproductive and vegetative growth ofF. oxysporum FOX-1in vitro. Microscopic observations revealed that eugenol disrupted the hyphal morphology ofF. oxysporum. In addition, eugenol destroyed the cell membrane integrity of the pathogenic fungi, resulting in the leakage ofF. oxysporum FOX-1intercellular contents, including electrolytes, soluble proteins, nucleic acids, and malonydialdehyde. Results of an in vivo inoculation test showed that eugenol exerted a strong inhibitory effect onFusariumwilt in ginger seedlings. In summary, eugenol had an inhibitory effect on the growth ofF. oxysporum FOX-1and controlledFusariumwilt in ginger seedlings. These findings provide a foundation for future development of botanical antifungal agents to manageFusariumwilt.Keywords:Fusariumwilt;eugenol;essential oil;antifungal activity;Zingiber officinale
研究领域:
植物病理学
·
农学
·
植物化学
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POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 7
Lingling Zhang,Ying Yang,Yongxing Zhu,Haijun Hu,Qie Jia,Chong Sun,Xuedong Zhu,Yiqing Liu
Postharvest rot caused by Fusarium solani ( F . solani ) results in enormous economic loss to the global vegetables industry. Chitosan has been shown to be effective in control postharvest diseases of vegetables, but the specific mechanism of chitosan on F . solani has not been studied. In this study, we evaluated antifungal activity of chitosan against F . solani caused soft rot in vitro and in vivo. Antifungal assay results showed that chitosan significantly inhibited the mycelial growth and spore germination of F . solani . Simultaneously, chitosan showed disruptive activity on the mycelial morphology and cell membrane, which were achieved by decreasing intracellular sugars, proteins and lipids content. Furthermore, chitosan treatment significantly decreased tricarboxylic acid (TCA)-related enzymes activity , reducing the number of metabolites in the TCA cycle . UPLC-Triple-TOF/MS-based metabolomics analysis showed that chitosan interferes with fungal metabolic pathways, mainly related to energy metabolism, lipid metabolism and sugar metabolism. Exogenous α-D-glucose and linoleic acid treatment promoted mycelia growth, verifying the sugar catabolism and TCA cycle was involved in the inhibition of chitosan against F . solani . The in vivo study showed that chitosan treatment effectively reduced disease rate and severity of postharvest soft rot through activating the biochemical defense response and modulating the expression of phytopathogenic responses LysM genes. These results contribute to explore the underlying mechanisms of chitosan against F . solani .
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
·
2022
·Vol. 23
·期 18
·10208
·
IF 6.208
Chen Gong,Daiying Xu,Daiyuan Sun,Xue Zhang
For optimal proteolytic function, the proteasome core (CP or 20S) must associate with activators. The cAMP-PKA pathway is reported to affect the activity of the proteasome in humans. However, the relationship between the proteasome and PKA is not well characterized. Our results showed that the major catalytic subunit Cpk1 was degraded without the protection of Pkr. Eleven (out of 67)pkrsuppressors had FgBlm10 C-terminal truncation, one suppressor had an amino acid change mutation in thePRE6 ortholog (FGRRES_07282), and one in thePRE5 ortholog (FGRRES_05222). These mutations rescued the defects in growth and conidial morphology, Cpk1 stability, and PKA activities in thepkrmutant. The interaction of FgBlm10 with FgPre5 and FgPre6 were detected by co-immunoprecipitation, and the essential elements for their interaction were characterized, including the FgBlm10 C-terminus, amino acid D82 of FgPre6 and K62 of FgPre5. Additional FgBlm10-interacting proteins were identified in the wild type andpkrmutant, suggesting that PKA regulates the preference of FgBlm10-mediated proteasome assembly. In addition, PKA indirectly affected the phosphorylation of FgBlm10, and its localization in the nucleus. The truncation of the FgBlm10 C terminus also enhanced nuclear import and bleomycin resistance, suggesting its role in proteasome assembly at DNA damage sites. Collectively, our data demonstrated that regulation between PKA and proteasome degradation is critical for the vegetative growth ofF. graminearum.Keywords:FgBlm10;26S proteasome;PKA;degradation;Fusarium graminearum
研究领域:
分子生物学
·
微生物学
·
植物病理学
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Food Bioscience
·
2026
·
IF 6.2
Xin Yang,Luzhou Cai,Yueling Luo,Lianqun Wu,Xinyue Wang,Yanping Wu,Kai Zhong,Hong Gao
Fusarium graminearum poses a major threat to global grain production due to its pathogenicity and mycotoxin contamination. This study explored the antifungal effects and characterized molecular alterations of eugenol, a plant-derived phenolic compound, against F. graminearum . An integrated multi-omics strategy combining transcriptomic and lipidomic analyses was employed to characterize stage-specific responses of conidia and mycelia to eugenol, complemented by phenotypic and biochemical assays. Eugenol exhibited pronounced dose-dependent antifungal activity, accompanied by compromised cellular integrity and disruption of lipid homeostasis. Notably, its mode of action displayed clear developmental specificity. In the conidial stage, eugenol may interfere with phosphatidylcholine transport and membrane lipid remodeling, potentially limiting the membrane supply required for polarized growth. In contrast, during the mycelial stage, eugenol exposure correlated with the induction of peroxisome-associated lipid catabolism and stress responses, likely resulting in metabolic imbalance and growth suppression. Collectively, these findings delineate a stage-specific landscape of F. graminearum responses to eugenol and propose a hypothetical model centered on lipid metabolic disruption, supporting the further development of eugenol-based antifungal strategies for controlling F. graminearum .
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2026
·
IF 10.4
Yuxin Wang,Jianxin Lv,Xuwen Wang,Chuang Wang,Mengyue Guo,Kun Miao,Meihua Yang,Jiaoyang Luo
Malt, a key food industry ingredient, faces safety risks from Fusarium mycotoxins and masked derivatives. While malt's agricultural role is clear, biotransformation pathways of masked mycotoxins during barley malting remain poorly understood. This study assesses mycotoxin contamination in commercial malt and links fungal communities to mycotoxin metabolism. Deoxynivalenol dominated, detected in 55% beer and 70% malt samples, with low adult exposure risk. Using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and internal transcribed spacer sequencing, natural malting showed biphasic dynamics: toxigenic fungi and masked mycotoxins first declined, then resurged. Artificial trials revealed deoxynivalenol converted to deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside with 30% efficiency (based on deoxynivalenol loss), while zearalenone derivatives fluctuated. This study provides the first systematic evidence demonstrating the conversion of deoxynivalenol to deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside during the malting process of barley, offering actionable insights for the development of tailored mycotoxin mitigation strategies in industrial malt production and beer brewing.
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2026
·
IF 6.7
Zikuo Li,Haoxue Xia,Yaru He,Xuheng Gao,Songbai Zhang,Wende Liu,Guangfei Tang
Abstract Maize ear rot and stalk rot are mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum, which severely reduces maize yield. This pathogen produces DON mycotoxin to contaminate maize and threaten food safety. Fludioxonil exhibits high control efficacy against this fungus, while its regulatory mechanism remains poorly understood. This study elucidates the molecular mechanism of transcription factor FgHOY1 in response to fludioxonil. FgHOY1 regulates hyphal growth, conidiation, pathogenicity and DON biosynthesis, and ΔFgHOY1 strain shows markedly enhanced fludioxonil resistance. Fludioxonil treatment significantly downregulates the expression of FgHOY1. Meanwhile, FgHOY1 directly binds to the OS1 promoter to modulate transcription and regulates Hog1 phosphorylation. This study clarifies the FgHOY1-mediated regulatory pathway of fludioxonil resistance, providing a theoretical basis for exploring fungicide-resistance networks, disease green prevention and rational fungicide application.
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Fermentation-Basel
·
2026
·Vol. 12
·期 9
·437
·
IF 4.1
Yao Yan,Xinyi Mao,Fen Liu,Shan Li
Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the first-line therapy for primary biliary cholangitis and an important active constituent of bear bile. Whole-cell microbial conversion of inexpensive lithocholic acid (LCA) offers a promising alternative to conventional chemical synthesis owing to its high regioselectivity and mild reaction conditions, yet the fermentation process ofFusarium equisetiHG18 (CCTCC M2023160), a natural fungal catalyst for LCA 7β-hydroxylation, has not been systematically engineered for scalable production. This study developed a whole-cell process for UDCA production byF. equisetiHG18. Systematic optimization by single-factor experiments, Plackett–Burman design and Box–Behnken response surface methodology raised the shake-flask UDCA titer from 0.19 to 0.59 mg mL−1. Scale-up in a 3 L stirred-tank bioreactor shortened the fermentation time from 144 h in shake-flask cultivation to 96 h in the bioreactor under optimized operating conditions (pH 8.5, aeration 2.5 L min−1, and agitation 200 rpm). Experiments across a range of initial LCA loadings revealed a progressive decline in UDCA molar yield at elevated substrate concentrations, consistent with substrate-related inhibitory effects, and this loading-dependent behavior was used to design a two-stage fed-batch feeding strategy. Under the optimized condition (2.0 mg mL−1LCA fed at 0 and 48 h), UDCA titer reached 1.71 mg mL−1, corresponding to a volumetric productivity of 17.8 mg L−1h−1and a UDCA molar yield of 41%. This study establishes a laboratory-scale whole-cell bioprocess for UDCA production from LCA using a wild-type fungal catalyst, integrating statistical medium optimization, bioreactor process development, and substrate-feeding strategies. The findings provide a practical framework for improving fungal whole-cell steroid biotransformation and highlight the potential of wild-type fungal platforms for scalable biocatalytic production.
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危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）