ENERGY & FUELS
·
2023
·
IF 5.3
Lihan Fei,Mengxiao Qin,Zuohua Huang,Chenglong Tang
The hypergolic ignition behaviors of three ionic liquids [BMIm][DCA], [EMIm][DCA], and [EMIm][CDB] reacting with white fuming nitric acid (WFNA) were investigated using the drop test approach. Two high-speed cameras with/without a long-distance microscope and a time-resolved infrared camera were used to simultaneously record the hypergolic ignition process and the reaction region temperature evolution. Results showed two distinct hypergolic ignition modes. Specifically, for [BMIm][DCA] and [EMIm][DCA], some “vapor smoke” is generated after the fuel droplet contacts the WFNA pool, followed by sudden ejection of liquids induced by microexplosion. The measured temperature in the observation window is found to first increase, then decrease, and rise again. For [EMIm][CDB], no microexplosion is observed and the temperature monotonically increases before hypergolic ignition. It is inferred that microexplosion is caused by sufficient accumulation of gaseous intermediates or products underneath the liquid surface, and the monotonic or nonmonotonic increasing temperature is a characteristic of ignition modes. A conceptual model is proposed to illustrate the two ignition modes. In addition, the droplet impact velocity (U0) was varied from 1.1 to 2.1 m/s in the experiment. It is found that the vapor delay time (VDT), explosion delay time (EDT), and ignition delay time (IDT) are all reduced with U0 by at most 50%. For a given U0, the three time scales decrease in the order [BMIm][DCA], [EMIm][DCA], and [EMIm][CDB] (IDT as low as 14.4 ms).
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Scientific Reports
·
2023
·Vol. 13
·期 1
·1-9
·
IF 4.6
Zhang Yige,Xie Xiaowen,Liu Jianliang,Tang Boyuan,Fang Can,Liu Xiaoming,Dai Zhifeng,Xiong Yubing
Stimulus-responsive ionic liquids have gained significant attention for their applications in various areas. Herein, three kinds of azobenzimidazole ionic liquids with reversible photo-induced conductivity regulation were designed and synthesized. The change of electrical conductivity under UV/visible light irradiation in aqueous solution was studied, and the effect of chemical structure and concentration of ionic liquids containing azobenzene to the regulation of photoresponse conductivity were discussed. The results showed that exposing the ionic liquid aqueous solution to ultraviolet light significantly increased its conductivity. Ionic liquids with longer alkyl chains exhibited an even greater increase in conductivity, up to 75.5%. Then under the irradiation of visible light, the electrical conductivity of the solution returned to its initial value. Further exploration of the mechanism of the reversible photo-induced conductivity regulation of azobenzene ionic liquids aqueous solution indicated that this may attributed to the formation/dissociation of ionic liquids aggregates in aqueous solution induced by the isomerization of azobenzene under UV/visible light irradiation and resulted the reversible conductivity regulation. This work provides a way for the molecular designing and performance regulation of photo-responsive ionic liquid and were expected to be applied in devices with photoconductive switching and micro photocontrol properties.
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CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
·
2023
·
IF 3.8
Kun Wang,Guoquan Zhang,Linye Li,Yuzhang Li,Xiangxin Liao,Pu Cheng,Mingzhi Luo
With the vigorous development of the electronics industry, the consumption of lithium continues to increase, and more lithium needs to be mined to meet the development of the industry. The content of lithium in the solution is much higher than that of minerals, but the interference of impurity ions increases the difficulty of extracting lithium ions. Therefore, we prepared an imidazole-based ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylImidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) imide) (IL) for efficient lithium extraction from aqueous solutions by solvent extraction. Using an extraction consisting of 10% IL, 85% tributyl phosphate (TBP), and 5% dichloroethane and an organic to aqueous phase ratio (O/A) of 2/1, over 64.23% of Li were extracted, and the extraction rate after five-stage extraction could reach more than 96%. The addition of ammonium ions to the solution inhibited the extraction of Ni, and the separation coefficient between lithium and nickel approached infinity, showing a very perfect separation effect. FTIR spectroscopy and slope methods were used to analyze the changes that occurred during extraction, revealing possible extraction mechanisms. In addition, the LiCl solution generated during the preparation of ionic liquids was mixed with the stripping solution, and the battery-grade lithium carbonate was prepared by Na 2 CO 3 precipitation, with a purity of 99.74%. This study provides an efficient and sustainable strategy for recovering lithium from the solution.
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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2023
·
IF 5.2
Wei Rong,Meili Ding,Pan Ma,Chen Ling,Xi Liu,Jianfeng Yao
Ion exchange adsorption has demonstrated great promise for the removal of toxic ion contaminants from wastewater. Here, by combining in situ polymerization and quaternization , we successfully fabricated a series of poly(ionic liquids)/aluminum-based metal-organic framework composites, DUT-5-(X)I. The optimized DUT-5-(60)I possesses relatively large surface area and abundant exchangeable free iodide ions, which endow this composite with highly efficient adsorption of anionic pollutants. Specifically, over 90% of permanganate, methyl blue and methyl orange can be removed within 10 min. In addition, effects of pH and coexisting ions on the removal of adsorbates were examined. Pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm model can well describe the adsorption results. The Langmuir isotherm model based maximum adsorption capacities of DUT-5-(60)I for permanganate, methyl blue, and methyl orange reached up to 1132, 1548, and 1474 mg/g, respectively. Adsorption mechanism studies suggest that the removal of these adsorbates was mainly controlled by electrostatic adsorption. This study will provide new insights for the development of MOF-based materials for environmental remediation.
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Small
·
2022
·Vol. 18
·期 44
·2204198
·
IF 15.153
Mengyan Cao,Zhilin Li,Xiujian Zhao,Xiao Gong
Lead-free perovskites have gained much interest for photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications. But instability and low quantum efficiency significantly limit their prospects for future applications. Here, a general route is reported to synthesize highly stable lead-free perovskites on a large scale with remarkably enhanced quantum efficiency. Two typical vacancy-ordered double perovskites (Cs 2 ZrCl 6 and Cs 2 SnCl 6 ) and their corresponding Bi 3+ or Sb 3+ doped samples are synthesized in ionic liquids (ILs) solutions via a simple solution method. These prepared perovskite samples all exhibit high-quality crystalline structures and their photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) all show an increase close to 200% compared to the samples prepared in the hydrochloric acid system. The PLQY of Sb-doped Cs 2 ZrCl 6 with excellent thermal stability can reach up to 90.2%, which is the highest value reported for this system (Cs 2 ZrCl 6 :Sb). Density functional theory calculations reveal that the corresponding interaction between the ILs and the samples can effectively improve the crystal quality and reduce energy loss. The potential applications of the prepared samples for high-performance white light-emitting diodes and optical anti-counterfeiting are also demonstrated. The findings provide a straightforward way to obtain ultrahigh quantum efficiency vacancy-ordered double perovskites with good thermal stability and excellent optoelectronic properties.
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Journal of Environmental Sciences
·
2022
·
IF 6.796
Kaihang Zhang,David Kujawski,Chris Spurrell,Bing Wang,John C. Crittenden
Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) using ionic liquids (ILs)-based methods to remove perfluoroalkyl chemicals (PFACs), such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), from wastewater, is an important strategy. However, the lack of physicochemical and LLE data limits the selection of the most suitable ILs for the extraction of PFACs. In this work, 1763 ILs for PFACs extraction from water were systematically screened using COSMOtherm to estimate the infinite dilution activity coefficient ( ln γ ∞ )of PFOA and PFOS in water and ILs. To evaluate the accuracy of COSMOtherm, 8 ILs with various ln γ ∞ values were selected, and their extraction efficiency ( E ) and distribution coefficient ( D exp ) were measured experimentally. The results showed that the predicted ln γ ∞ decreased as the increase of experimental extraction efficiency of PFOA or PFOS, while the tendency of predicted distribution coefficient ( D pre ) was consistent with the experimental ( D exp ) results. This work provides an efficient basis for selecting ILs for the extraction of PFACs from wastewater.
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Polymers
·
2022
·Vol. 14
·期 17
·3435
·
IF 4.967
Chenjing Zhu,Yi Ning,Yizhi Jiang,Guangji Li,Qiwei Pan
Solid-state polymer electrolytes have become promising candidates for high-energy-density lithium metal batteries (LMBs). However, they suffer from low ionic conductivities at room temperature. In this work, two types of composite polymer electrolytes based on a double-network polymer, an ionic liquid (IL) of 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (Pyr14TFSI) or 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl) imide (EmimTFSI), and bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide lithium salt (LiTFSI) were prepared by a facile one-pot method. The two types of CPEs possess good mechanical properties, excellent thermal stability, and high ionic conductivities greater than 10−4S cm−1at 20°C with 26 wt% IL. The performance diversity of the CPEs was also carefully investigated through a series of electrochemical measurements. Although the CPEs containing EmimTFSI show higher ionic conductivities than those of CPEs with Pyr14TFSI, the latter ones have wider electrochemical stability windows and better resistance to the growth of lithium dendrites. Moreover, CPE with 34 wt% Pyr14TFSI leads to Li/LiFePO4batteries with favorable rate capability and cycling stability and a columbic efficiency of 98.8% at 20 °C, which suggests that CPEs are promising for practical application in solid-state LMBs.Keywords:double-network polymer;ionic liquid;composite polymer electrolyte;lithium metal batteries;lithium dendrites
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PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
·
2023
·Vol. 25
·期 45
·31444-31456
·
IF 3.3
Yiwei Zhu,Jian Kang,Die Gao,Bingtong Chen,Yi Nie,Hui Wang,Xiaowen Wu
Ionic liquid based technology is promising in the pretreatment of lignocelluloses. More efforts are still being made to intensify the separation of the main components in this biomass and to inhibit biopolymer degradation, especially in the fabrication of functional materials where excellent mechanical properties are often requisite. In this study, additives with amino and/or hydroxyl groups were proposed to improve the dissolution of lignocellulosic biomass in ionic liquids and to inhibit the degradation of cellulose. Among the tested additives (i.e., urea, L-2-aminobutyric acid, DL-aminopropanol, 3-aminopropanol and ethanolamine), 3-aminopropanol showed the best performance in enhancing wheat straw dissolution and cellulose recovery in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM]Ac). Further study revealed that this additive could also inhibit cellulose degradation in [EMIM]Ac. The interactions between the ionic liquid and additive were revealed by NMR and IR analysis. It was found that the formation of hydrogen bonds between 3-aminopropanol and [EMIM]Ac changed the interactions between ionic liquids and biomass, resulting in improved dissolution efficiency and inhibition of cellulose degradation. Optimization investigation showed that when using the 3-aminopropanol/[EMIM]Ac composite system as the solvent and pine as the raw biomass, the cellulose content in the recovered cellulose-rich material was increased from 33.3% (for the raw pine) to 66.9%. Correspondingly, the regenerated cellulose spinning in the composite system exhibited improved mechanical properties, with the elongation at break reaching 15.6% and the tensile fracture strength of 184.1 N per tex (in comparison with 9.6% for elongation at break and 99.7 N per tex for tensile fracture strength for the sample obtained in neat [EMIM]Ac).
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FUEL
·
2023
·
IF 7.4
Zhiwen Ma,Tao Lu,Yali Pan,Yupeng Yuan,Yingqiang Sun
Ionic liquids (ILs) catalyzed in-situ transesterification (IST) of microalgae is a promising strategy to improve biodiesel yield through enhancing cellulose solubility and catalyzing transesterification. Effect of anions of ILs on biodiesel has been widely investigated previously. However, how do cations of ILs affect IST of microalgae is still unclear. On this basis, ILs composed of alkyl-imidazolium cations with different length, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Emim][BF 4 ]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim][BF 4 ]), and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Hmim][BF 4 ]) catalyzed IST of microalgae are experimentally and theoretically investigated. The results indicate that increasing alkyl chains of cations weakens interactions of ILs-cellulose, and reduces acidities of ILs, subsequently leads to decrease of cellulose extraction yield and biodiesel yield. Although cellulose extraction yield and biodiesel yield are affected by reaction temperature, dosage of methanol, and MILs: Algae, however, H-bonding interactions of ILs-cellulose and acidities of ILs are still dominate parameters affecting cellulose extraction yield and biodiesel yield, respectively, leading to their unchanged sort under variable reaction conditions as following: [Emim][BF 4 ] > [Bmim][BF 4 ] > [Hmim][BF 4 ]. This work reveals that short alkyl chain of cation is favorable to both cellulose extraction and biodiesel yield, providing theoretical guides for screen and design of benign ILs to further improve biodiesel of in-situ transesterification of microalgae.
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2021
·
IF 9.229
Zhiwu Chen,Naiwei Gao,Yanji Chu,Yonglin He,Yapei Wang
Electronic tattoos as an emerging epidermal electronic are alluring in the field of wearable electronics for their lightweight and noninvasive properties. However, the combination of flexibility, skin biocompatibility, adhesion, repairability, and erasability remains a challenge for fabricating electronic tattoos. Hence, a dynamic ionic liquid is prepared which is ideally suited for making an electronic tattoo with these challenging features at the same time. Such an intrinsically flexible electronic tattoo can be firmly attached to human skin with negligible irritation. More importantly, the existence of dynamic covalent chemistry provides the electronic tattoo with healing and erasable abilities under mild redox conditions. Owing to the high ionic conductivity of ionic liquids, the electronic tattoo exhibits excellent sensing performance in response to the temperature variation and tensile strain, which can intelligently monitor body temperature, pulse, and movement. As an extension of the application, a specially designed quadrilateral electronic tattoo can sense and distinguish multiple signals simultaneously. This concept of electronic tattoo based on the dynamic ionic liquid shows great potentials in the applications of intelligent wearable electronics.
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RSC Advances
·
2021
·Vol. 11
·期 24
·14710-14716
·
IF 3.361
Wenliang Wu,Hongshuai Gao,Bin Hai,Binqi Wang,Min Yu,Yi Nie
An effective process for synthesis of alkyl polyglycosides (APG) was developed using SO3H-functionalized ionic liquids (SFILs) as catalysts. Four SFILs, [PSmim][HSO4], [PSmim][pTSA], [PSPy][HSO4] and [PSPy][pTSA], were designed and synthesized for APG synthesis. The results indicated that [PSmim][HSO4] shows the best catalytic performance among these four SFILs, which has a great agreement with the order of their acidities. When the [PSmim][HSO4] was used as catalyst, the reaction time could be decreased from 24 h to 8 h, and molar ration of n-octanol to glucose could be decreased from 5 : 1 to 3 : 1 under the optimization reaction conditions. In addition, the [PSmim][HSO4] could be easily regenerated and recycled at least 5 times with slight decrease in catalytic activity. Moreover, the catalytic mechanism of [PSmim][HSO4] was further investigated by molecular simulation. The high catalytic activity of [PSmim][HSO4] is attributed to hydrogen bonds between [PSmim][HSO4] and glucose and n-octanol, which could accelerate the protonation of glucose and removal of hydrogen ions from the hydroxyl in n-octanol.
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Sustainable Energy & Fuels
·
2020
·Vol. 5
·期 4
·1026-1033
·
IF 5.503
Chaokun Yang,Yanglin Chen,Ye Qu,Jiaxu Zhang,Jianmin Sun
A catalyst with activity comparable with homogeneous catalysts and easy separation like heterogeneous catalysts would be attractive for CO2 cycloaddition. Here, a series of polymerized bis-imidazolium based ionic liquids (PBIL-m) were synthesized and could act as homogeneous catalysts during the CO2 cycloaddition to epoxide process. They could be separated as heterogeneous catalysts after the cycloaddition reaction. PBIL-m was highly active for the cycloaddition reaction due to functional groups such as the imidazole ring, amino group and Br−. Specifically, the solid–liquid transition behavior endowed the PBIL-m with comparable activity to its homogeneous monomer catalysts (BIL-m). Among these PBIL-m catalysts, poly(1-vinyl imidazole-3-hexyl-1-imidazole-3-aminopropyl)dibromide (PBIL-3) exhibited superior catalytic performance due to the appropriate bridge chain compared with other PBIL-m. Under the conditions of 80 °C, 1.0 MPa and 24 h, 99% propylene carbonate yield and 99% selectivity were obtained. The PBIL-3 also showed excellent universality and recyclability. A reasonable reaction mechanism was deduced that the imidazole ring, amino group and Br− promoted the cycloaddition reaction under metal-, solvent-, and cocatalyst-free conditions. Therefore, the polymerized bis-imidazolium based ionic liquid with solid–liquid transition behavior is a promising candidate for smooth catalysis of CO2 conversion and utilization.
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