Vitamin D (VD) plays an important role in preventing osteoporosis. However, knowledge of the osteogenic effect of VD3 from shrimp processing by-products is limited. In this study, a VD3-rich extract from Penaeus sinensis processing by-products was prepared by saponification and liquid–liquid extraction combined with solid phase extraction for purification. The activity of purified VD3-rich extract (PPs-VD3) on MC3T3-E1, a preosteoblastic cell line, was determined. Furthermore, the improvement effect of PPs-VD3 on bone health of VD-deficient mice was investigated. PPs-VD3 stimulated the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Compared to the same concentration of the VD3 standard, mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells increased after 14 d or 21 d of PPs-VD3 treatment. Western blotting showed that PPs-VD3 significantly upregulated the protein levels of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and runt-related transcription factor 2 compared to the VD3 standard. Furthermore, PPs-VD3 treatment activated the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) signaling pathway in MC3T3-E1 cells, especially increased OPG expression was detected at day 3 to day 14 compared to the VD3 standard treatment. More than ten medium and long chain fatty acids were detected in PPs-VD3, of which n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) constituted 38.83 ± 8.61%, and the n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio in PPs-VD3 was 2.84 ± 0.23. The femoral trabeculae number and thickness of VD-deficient mice increased after 3 weeks of PPs-VD3 treatment. The changes of parameters associated with bone resorption including parathyroid hormone, bone mineral density and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase revealed the contribution of PPs-VD3 treatment in improving bone remodeling in VD-deficient mice. Our results suggest that PPs-VD3 could have potential prospects in alleviating osteoporosis or promotion of bone health.
Chong Liu,Fang Cheng,Bo Liu,Dongdong Gao,Gang Cheng,Chunmei Li,Huanan Wang,Wei He
Surface-initiated polymerization is an attractive approach to achieve desired interfacial compositions and properties on a wide range of substrates and surfaces. Due to mild reaction conditions, multiple surface-initiated polymerization methods, such as atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), reversible addition–fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization, and so forth, have been developed and studied in academia and industry. However, the current methods require the combination of metal catalysts, special initiators, and oxygen removal. Herein, we developed a surface-initiated carbanion-mediated anionic polymerization (SI-CMAP), which can be conducted in aqueous solutions in the presence of oxygen without the need for metal catalysts. Zwitterionic 2-(N-3-sulfopropyl-N,N-dimethyl ammonium)ethyl methacrylate (SBMA) was selected as a model monomer to develop and demonstrate this strategy. The vinyl sulfone (VS) groups displayed on substrate surfaces reacted with N-methylimidazole (NMIM), which was used as the in situ initiator. The polymerization mechanism was extensively studied from many aspects at room temperature, including the changes in reaction conditions, factors affecting the polymerization extent, and substrate surfaces. We also demonstrated the compatibility of this method with a broad spectrum of monomers ranging from SBMA to other acrylates and acrylamides by using glycine betaine as a reaction additive. This method was also evaluated for the preparation of polymer-coated nanoparticles. For polymer-coated silica nanoparticles, their hydrodynamic diameter, copper contamination, and effects of salt and protein concentrations were compared with SI-ATRP in parallel. SI-CMAP in aqueous solutions in air and the absence of metal catalysts make this method sustainable and cost-effective. We believe that SI-CMAP can be readily adapted to the industrial surface coating and large-scale nanoparticle preparation under mild conditions.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）