Surfaces and Interfaces
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2024
·
IF 5.7
Rui You,Zhiyang He,Feng Xue,Shengui Ju
The lithium-ion sieve primarily exists in powder form, which poses challenges such as poor fluidity and permeability, as well as difficulties in recovery. The H₂TiO₃ (HTO) particles were introduced into polyacrylamide (PAM) via in situ polymerization to prepare a tough and porous nanocomposite hydrogel (HTO@PAM). This method effectively addresses the recovery difficulties associated with powdered lithium-ion sieves and, due to the hydrophilic groups in polyacrylamide, enhances the desorption of Li + and improves the adsorption performance. The results show that HTO@PAM-4 is the optimal ratio, with an adsorption performance of 32.8 mg/g. Tensile strength tests using a universal testing machine indicated that HTO@PAM-4 has a tensile strength of 0.19 MPa, demonstrating excellent mechanical properties. Infrared spectroscopy detected the presence of hydrophilic groups (-CONH 2 ) in HTO@PAM, and surface tension measurements showed a water contact angle of 8.9 °, indicating good hydrophilicity. The recyclability of HTO@PAM-4 was investigated, and after six cycles, the adsorption capacity was 25.4 mg/g, which is 77 % of the maximum adsorption performance, demonstrating recyclability. The results indicate that HTO@PAM exhibits excellent mechanical properties, adsorption performance, and recyclability, making it a material with promising practical applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境工程
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高影响因子
CHEMICAL PAPERS
·
2024
·Vol. 78
·期 14
·7943-7950
·
IF 2.1
Li Zhigang,Liu Xuzhuo,Wang Chunlong,Song Hanbing,Zhang Jie
In this study, we synthesized zinc selenide (ZnSe)-polyacrylamide (PAM) nanomaterials for their potential application in treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Initially, we characterized the newly prepared material through various techniques including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption–desorption to confirm its identity as the desired product. The results demonstrated that ZnSe-PAM nanomaterial exhibited excellent water solubility, biocompatibility, and stability, along with a large surface area, making it suitable for use as a drug carrier. Subsequently, the material was loaded with the drug 1 to obtain ZnSe-PAM@1. Cellular and thermosensitive experiments were then conducted, revealing that this nanomaterial could facilitate drug release by generating heat, thereby reducing the level of microRNA-146a-5P and blocking the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin/extracellular (PI3K/Akt/mTOR/ERK) signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway, thus alleviating the symptoms of KOA. These findings present a new direction for drug intervention in KOA and highlight the potential of developing ZnSe-PAM nanomaterials as novel drug carriers.
研究领域:
材料科学
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医学
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生物技术
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高影响因子
Micromachines
·
2022
·Vol. 13
·期 11
·1951
·
IF 3.523
Yang Hong,Zening Lin,Yun Yang,Tao Jiang,Jianzhong Shang,Zirong Luo
Conductive polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogels with salts that act as electrolytes have been used as transparent electrodes with high elasticity in flexible electronic devices. Different types and contents of raw materials will affect their performance in all aspects. We tried to introduce highly hydratable salts into PAM hydrogels to improve their water retention capacity. Different salts can improve the water retention capacity of PAM hydrogels to a certain extent. In particular, PAM hydrogels containing higher concentrations of lithium chloride (LiCl) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) showed an extremely strong water retention capacity and could retain about 90% and more than 98% of the initial water in the experimental environment at a temperature of 25 °C and a relative humidity of 60% RH, respectively. In addition, we conducted electrical conductivity tests on these PAM hydrogels with different salts. The PAM hydrogels containing LiCl also show outstanding conductivity, and the highest conductivity value can reach up to about 8 S/m. However, the PAM hydrogels containing CaCl2, which also performed well in terms of their water retention capacity, were relatively common in terms of their electrical conductivity. On this basis, we attempted to introduce single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and graphene (GO) electronic conductors to enhance the electrical conductivity of the PAM hydrogels containing LiCl. The conductivity of the PAM hydrogels containing LiCl was improved to a certain extent after the addition of these electronic conductors. The highest electrical conductivity was about 10 S/m after we added the SWCNTs. This experimental result indicates that these electronic conductors can indeed enhance the electrical conductivity of PAM hydrogels to a certain extent. After a maximum of 5000 repeated tensile tests, the conductive hydrogel samples could still maintain their original morphological characteristics and conductivity. This means that these conductive hydrogel samples have a certain degree of system reliability. We made the PAM conductive hydrogels with high water retention and good conductivity properties into thin electrodes and applied them to an electric response flexible actuator with dielectric elastomer as the functional material. This flexible actuator can achieve a maximum area strain of 18% under an external voltage of 10 kV. This new composite hydrogels with high water retention and excellent conductivity properties will enable more possibilities for the application of hydrogels.
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BIOMEDICAL MICRODEVICES
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2026
·Vol. 28
·期 1
·18
·
IF 4.4
Pang Zhengtian,Song Wenqi,Cai Yuanyuan,Li Yahang
Wearable sensors represent a promising platform for the non-invasive and continuous monitoring of biomarkers in biological fluids, showing considerable potential for real-time health management. In this study, we designed a wearable device integrated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for glucose detection. The system features in-situ synthesized AuNPs embedded in a polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel—denoted as AuNPs@PAM—enabling dual-mode readout through both visual observation and UV–visible spectrophotometry. By leveraging the dual peroxidase-like and glucose oxidase-like activities of AuNPs, a nanozyme-enzyme cascade catalytic system was constructed for colorimetric glucose sensing, which demonstrated high sensitivity and strong stability. The in-situ synthesis of AuNPs within the PAM matrix enhances nanoparticle stability and increases the reactive surface area, thereby improving catalytic efficiency. Owing to the high flexibility and optical transparency of the PAM hydrogel, the sensing patch enables rapid and reliable glucose detection by both instrumental and visual means. Consequently, a sensitive and visually responsive flexible sensor has been successfully fabricated, offering an effective tool for non-invasive biomarker monitoring in superficial biofluids.
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PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION
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2021
·
IF 2.583
Weirui Sun,Yinchun Hu,Yizhu Cheng,Sen Yang,Zhiqin Kang
Both physical and chemical cross-linking methods can improve the mechanical properties of hydrogel by increasing the cross-link density. In this study, a series of polyvinyl alcohol/polyacrylamide-co-polyacrylic acid (PVA/PAM-co-PAA)-based hydrogels were prepared by using Fe3+ as physical cross-linking agent and N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as chemical cross-linking agent. The stress relaxation experiments of PVA/PAM-co-PAA-based hydrogels and nonlinear fitting analysis were performed to study the effects of cross-linking methods on stress relaxation behavior of hydrogels. Furthermore, the four-element generalized Maxwell model succeeded in simulating stress relaxation behavior of hydrogels. When Fe3+ was used as the cross-linking agent of Fe3+/PVA/PAM-co-PAA hydrogel, it took a long time of 199.9 s when the structural units began to move. However, when MBA was used as the cross-linking agent of PVA/PAM-MBA-PAA hydrogel, the time was shortened significantly. Compared with PVA/PAM-co-PAA hydrogel, the initial and equilibrium stress of Fe3+/PVA/PAM-co-PAA and PVA/PAM-MBA-PAA hydrogel significantly increased. When Fe3+ and MBA were used as the cross-linking agent of Fe3+/PVA/PAM-MBA-PAA hydrogel together, the network structure became looser. The initial and equilibrium stress were 0.04 and 0.015 MPa, respectively.
研究领域:
材料科学
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生物医学工程
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高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
·
2018
·
IF 4.229
Zhaolin An,Jianping Gao,Luyao Wang,Xiaoxiang Zhao,Hongduo Yao,Man Zhang,Qiang Tian,Yu Liu
Cadmium sulfide , with its narrow band gap, can be used as a photocatalyst in the visible light region for the splitting of water, but its limited number of active sites and tendency to agglomerate are problematic for producing high yields of hydrogen. Therefore, an inverse emulsion polymerization method was used to fabricate polyacrylamide (PAM) microgels as a substrate to immobilize CdS nanoparticles (PAM-CdS). The PAM microgels not only immobilized the CdS nanoparticles, but also prevented aggregation. N Cd bonds in the PAM-CdS microgels facilitated electron transfer from the PAM to the CdS resulting in more electrons participating in the H 2 production process. The electrostatic interactions between the PAM and CdS also hindered the recombination of electron-hole pairs. These PAM-CdS microgels exhibit admirable photocatalytic H 2 production performance with a H 2 production rate of up to 5.21 mmol h −1 g −1 .
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
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高影响因子
Gels
·
2022
·Vol. 8
·期 4
·208
·
IF 4.432
Jianxiong Xu,Yuecong Luo,Yin Chen,Ziyu Guo,Yutong Zhang,Shaowen Xie,Na Li,Lijian Xu
Spiropyran-containing hydrogels that can respond to external stimuli such as temperature, light, and stress have attracted extensive attention in recent years. However, most of them are generally dual or multiple stimuli-responsive to external stimuli, and the interplay of different stimulus responses is harmful to their sensitivity. Herein, spiropyran bearing polymer beads incorporated PAM (poly(AM–co–MA/DMSP3)) hydrogels with sole mechanochromic properties were synthesized by emulsion polymerization of acrylamide (AM) and methyl acrylate (MA) in the presence of spiropyran dimethacrylate mechanophore (DMSP3) crosslinker. Due to the hydrophobic nature of MA and DMSP3, the resultant hydrogel afforded a rosary structure with DMSP3 bearing polymer beads incorporated in the PAM network. It is found that the chemical component (e.g., AM, MA, and DMSP3 concentrations) significantly affect the mechanical and mechanoresponsive properties of the as-obtained poly(AM–co–MA/DMSP3) hydrogel. Under optimal conditions, poly(AM–co–MA/DMSP3) hydrogel displayed high mechanical properties (tensile stress of 1.91 MPa, a tensile strain of 815%, an elastic modulus of 0.67 MPa, and tearing energy of 3920 J/m2), and a good self-recovery feature. Owing to the mechanoresponsive of SP3, the hydrogels exhibited reversible color changes under force-induced deformation and relaxed recovery states. More impressive, the poly(AM–co–MA/DMSP3) hydrogel showed a linear correlation between tensile strain and chromaticity (x, y) as well as a stain and resting time-dependent color recovery rate. This kind of hydrogel is believed to have great potential in the application of outdoor strain sensors.Keywords:mechanophore;mechanoresponsive hydrogels;emulsion polymerization;spiropyran
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
·
力学
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PubMed
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2025
·
IF 8.2
Gaoyi Wu,Wei Shi,Moran Liu,Lixin Liang,Tao Wang,Jinyong Zhang,Jing Chen,Yongsheng Liang,Wei Tang,Hui Li
Hydrogels have emerged as promising candidates for flexible sensors due to their softness, biocompatibility, and tunable physicochemical properties. However, achieving synchronous satisfaction of conformality, conductivity, and diverse biological functions in hydrogel sensors remains a challenge. Here, we proposed a multifunctional hydrogel sensor by incorporating silver-loaded polydopamine nanoparticles (Ag@PDA) into a thermally cross-linked methacrylamide chitosan (CSMA) and acrylamide network, namely, Ag@PDA/(CSMA-PAM). The Ag@PDA/(CSMA-PAM) hydrogel showed the capability to respond effectively to both strain and pressure, enabling its independent application as either a strain sensor or a pressure sensor. The sensitivity of the hydrogel can reach 2.13 within the strain range of 65 to 150%, exhibiting a response and recovery time of 550 ms when utilized as a strain sensor. In contrast, its sensitivity was 0.07 kPa–1 during pressures ranging from 0 to 2.15 kPa, with a response and recovery time of 136 ms when employed as a pressure sensor. Additionally, the hydrogel sensor demonstrated high linearity (0.998 for strain and 0.98 for pressure), stable cycling ability (500 cycles), and low detection limit (0.5% for strain and 150 Pa for pressure). Moreover, the Ag@PDA/(CSMA-PAM) hydrogel exhibited good stability and reliability for a variety of practical applications, including the detection of subtle and large deformations, as well as real-time physiological activity monitoring. Further, owing to the bioactive components of chitosan and Ag@PDA present in the hydrogel, the Ag@PDA/(CSMA-PAM) sensor exhibited satisfactory biocompatibility along with excellent antioxidant and antibacterial activities, making it highly promising for applications as wearable sensors in personalized healthcare.
研究领域:
材料科学
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生物医学工程
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传感技术
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2026
·
IF 5.4
Lin Liu,Xintong He,Yuqi Zhao,Peipei Guo,Hai Fu,Wei Cui
Hydrogels, as a class of functional material, have been used in various fields such as flexible sensors, actuators, and energy devices. Nevertheless, their practical application is often hampered by the poor mechanical properties and susceptibility to dehydration. In this work, using hygroscopic salt lithium nitrate trihydrate (LNH) as the phase-change material, PVA/PAM/LNH salt hydrogels were prepared in a mixture of water and glycerol. The mechanical performance of the hydrogels reached to 326 kPa from 31.5 kPa after the crystallization triggered by crystal seed at room temperature. Since phase transition triggered by crystal seed primarily occurs at the hydrogel surface, the surface contains a higher concentration of LNH crystals, forming an inhomogeneous structure. The composite hydrogel exhibits reversible adhesion, higher water retention ability enabling it to maintain long-term flexibility at low relative humidity. Moreover, the abundant Li + ions present in the gel enable high conductivity, humidity sensitivity and contribute to the piezoelectric and piezoresistive capabilities.
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高影响因子
Gels
·
2026
·Vol. 12
·期 8
·730
·
IF 6.4
Wendi Liu,Jintao Wang,Yuanduo Wang,Zhangqi Xia,Ruixin Liu,Yixuan Li,Xinyang He,Hailou Wang
Wearable rehabilitation monitoring requires soft strain sensors with mechanical robustness, stable electromechanical responses, and intelligent motion recognition capability. Here, we report a poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide (PVA/PAM) double−network hydrogel strain sensor for rehabilitation−oriented wearable monitoring. The hydrogel was prepared by ultraviolet ray (UV)−initiated acrylamide polymerization followed by freeze−thaw−induced PVA crystallization, forming a covalent PAM network interpenetrated with a physically crosslinked PVA network. The resulting hydrogel possessed a compact porous structure, improved stretchability, and stable deformation recovery. The optimized sensor exhibited a tensile strength of approximately 0.52 MPa, an elongation at break of approximately 480%, a response time of 0.12 s, and a recovery time of 0.17 s. It generated repeatable resistance signals under cyclic strain, finger bending, wrist motion, and grip training. Furthermore, the sensor enabled morse−code information transmission and support vector machine (SVM)−based recognition of rehabilitation−related hand states, including straight, bend, and clench. This work provides a soft hydrogel sensing platform for real−time rehabilitation−oriented hand motion, while morse−code encoding provides auxiliary assistance and an emergency communication function.
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高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 12.5
Yixin Zhao,Ming Chen,Zhen Wang,Qitong Sun,Wei Fu,Fanlu Meng
Tailored electrostatic interactions in a deep eutectic gel electrolyte suppress Zn dendrites and polyiodide shuttling. • Choline cations guide uniform Zn flux while phosphate anions repel polyiodides. • The electrolyte enables a 4000 h Zn anode lifespan and 19,000 cycles for full Zn I 2 batteries. Aqueous zinc‑iodine batteries (AZIBs) represent a highly attractive technology for large-scale energy storage, yet their practical deployment is severely hindered by the concurrent challenges of zinc dendrite growth, parasitic side reactions, and the polyiodide shuttle effect. Herein, we design an electrostatic-interaction-tailored polyacrylamide-phytic acid-choline chloride (PAM-PA-ChCl) deep-eutectic gel electrolyte (DEGE) to fundamentally manipulate the interfacial microenvironment. Within this DEGE, the electrostatic shielding of choline cations (Ch + ) effectively homogenizes the local Zn 2+ flux to suppress dendrite proliferation, while the coordination between PA and Zn 2+ optimizes deposition kinetics. Concurrently, the robust electrostatic repulsion from the phosphate anions of PA blocks polyiodide crossover, thereby eliminating the shuttle effect. Benefiting from this sophisticatedly tailored microenvironment, the DEGE enables an exceptionally stable zinc stripping/plating lifespan of up to 4000 h at 1 mA cm −2 . Remarkably, the assembled AZIB full cells deliver an ultra-stable cycling performance exceeding 19,000 cycles at 10 A g −1 . Furthermore, a practical high-loading pouch cell successfully achieves a high reversible capacity of 21.6 mAh after 200 cycles at 1 A g −1 . This work provides an effective strategy for designing multi-functional eutectic electrolytes toward practically viable, long-life AZIBs.
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高影响因子
ENERGY & FUELS
·
2026
·
IF 6
Shuai Zhou,Qiuyan Quan,Hongke Yang,Zhi Ye,Xueli Long,Tinglei Liu,Haien Yang,Dongzhi Yang
This study systematically investigates the swelling, time-dependent mechanical decay, and degradation of polyacrylamide (PAM)-based gels under simulated high-temperature reservoir conditions. A Ca2+-induced “environmentally self-enhancing” PAM/sodium alginate (SA) composite gel was designed to alleviate the pronounced performance decline caused by swelling and degradation. In this system, progressive cross-linking between SA and Ca2+ in formation water leads to the formation of an interpenetrating network (IPN), which contributes to improved structural stability. Experimental results indicate that incorporating 1.5% SA into a 20% PAM gel increases the swelling strength by a factor of 6.7, while the three-month strength retention improves from 14% to 50%. The composite gel also shows enhanced fatigue resistance and a delayed swelling response. In addition, PAM/SA microspheres prepared via inverse emulsion polymerization exhibit improved mechanical robustness after Ca2+ cross-linking, with the elastic modulus increasing by 36%. Core flooding experiments show that PAM/SA microspheres are able to gradually form stable plugging structures in porous media. After 7 days of swelling, the plugging ratio increases by 23% and the oil displacement efficiency improves by 3% compared with PAM microspheres. Microfluidic visualization further indicates that swollen microspheres form reconfigurable deposits within pore throats, which suppress preferential flow. Both the plugging pressure and the frequency of pressure fluctuations increase noticeably, and the displacement efficiency rises by 4%, reflecting enhanced flow field regulation. Overall, this study provides cross-scale experimental evidence for the environmentally induced strengthening mechanism of PAM/SA gels and suggests their potential application in deep conformance control.
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